The Interpersonal Dynamics of Emotion
豆瓣
Toward an Integrative Theory of Emotions as Social Information
Gerben A. van Kleef
简介
Emotions are an elemental part of life - they imbue our existence with meaning and purpose, and influence how we engage with the world around us. But we do not just feel our own emotions; we typically express them in the presence of other people. How do our emotional expressions affect others? Moving beyond the traditional intrapersonal perspective, this is the first book dedicated to exploring the pervasive interpersonal dynamics of emotions. Integrating existing theory and research, van Kleef develops the Emotions as Social Information (EASI) theory, a groundbreaking comprehensive framework that explains how emotional expressions influence observers across all domains of life, from close relationships to group settings, conflict and negotiation, customer service, and leader-follower relations. His deeply social perspective sheds new light on the fundamental question of why we have emotions in the first place - the social influence emotions engender may very well constitute their raison d'être.
目录
Contents
List of fi gures page x
List of tables xii
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xv
1 Emotion: an interpersonal perspective 1
Definitional issues 3
An interpersonal approach to emotion 5
Goals and overview of the book 6
PART I Emotions as Social Information Theory 11
2 Emotions as social information 13
Emotional expressions as evolutionary adaptations 14
What do emotional expressions signal? 21
Emotional expressions as communicative tools 23
Emotional expressions as cues to social predispositions 27
When emotional signaling fails 30
Conclusion 35
3 Mechanisms involved in the social effects of emotions 37
Emotional expressions trigger affective reactions
in observers 38
Emotional expressions elicit inferential processes in
observers 45
The relationship between affective reactions and inferential
processes 52
Conclusion 55
4 Contingencies of the social effects of emotions 56
General prerequisites for the social effects of emotions 56
Factors shaping the impact of inferential processes and
affective reactions 60
Conclusion 77
PART II Social effects of emotions: the empirical record 79
5 Social effects of emotions in close relationships 81
The functionality of emotions in close relationships 81
Emotional convergence in interpersonal relationships 84
Social consequences of emotional expressions for
relationships 86
Conclusion 98
6 Social effects of emotions in groups 101
The functionality of emotions in group life 102
Affective reactions, affective composition, and group
functioning 104
Emotional expressions and inferential processes in groups 112
Contingencies of the social effects of emotional expressions
in groups 115
Conclusion 119
7 Social effects of emotions in conflict and negotiation 123
Affective reactions and their behavioral consequences 125
Inferential processes and their behavioral consequences 128
Affective reactions versus inferential processes 134
Emotional intelligence in conflict and negotiation 142
Conclusion 143
8 Social effects of emotions on consumer behavior and
customer service 146
Effects of service providers’ emotions on customers 148
Effects of customers’ emotions on service providers 155
How third parties’ emotional expressions shape consu-
mers’ attitudes 160
Interpersonal emotion regulation 162
Emotional intelligence in the service industry 165
Conclusion 167
9 Social effects of emotions in leadership 170
Leaders’ emotional displays and perceptions of leadership
quality 172
Leaders’ emotional displays and followers’
performance 177
Leadership and emotional intelligence 190
Conclusion 192
PART III Conclusions, implications, and new directions 195
10 Critical evaluation, theoretical integration, and
implications 197
Summary of EASI theory 198
A critical evaluation of the empirical support for EASI
theory 201
How does EASI theory relate to other approaches?
Differences, commonalities, and integration 206
Implications for theory and research 212
Conclusion 221
11 Caveats and future directions 223
The elusive nature of evolutionary arguments 223
Measurement and separability of affective versus
inferential processes 225
Expanding the repertoire of emotional expressions 228
Temporal issues regarding the social effects of emotions 234
Broadening the outlook on the social context 239
Coda 243
References 244
Author Index 292
Subject Index 295