System Architecture, Global Edition

简介

目录

Part 1 System Thinking 15
Chapter 1 Introduction to System Architecture 16
Architecture of Complex Systems 16
The Advantages of Good Architecture 16
Learning Objectives 19
Organization of the Text 20
References 21
Chapter 2 System Thinking 22
2.1 Introduction 22
2.2 Systems and Emergence 22
2.3 Task 1: Identify the System, Its Form, and Its Function 27
2.4 Task 2: Identify Entities of a System, Their Form, and Their Function 31
2.5 Task 3: Identify the Relationships among the Entities 40
2.6 Task 4: Emergence 42
2.7 Summary 47
References 48
Chapter 3 Thinking about Complex Systems 49
3.1 Introduction 49
3.2 Complexity in Systems 49
3.3 Decomposition of Systems 53
3.4 Special Logical Relationships 57
3.5 Reasoning through Complex Systems 58
3.6 Architecture Representation tools: SysML and OPM 59
3.7 Summary 62
References 64
Part 2 Analysis of System Architecture 65
Chapter 4 Form 67
4.1 Introduction 67
4.2 Form in Architecture 67
4.3 Analysis of Form in Architecture 72
4.4 Analysis of Formal Relationships in Architecture 77
4.5 Formal Context 89
4.6 Form in Software Systems 91
4.7 Summary 96
References 96
Chapter 5 Function 97
5.1 Introduction 97
5.2 Function in Architecture 97
5.3 Analysis of External Function and Value 103
5.4 Analysis of Internal Function 108
5.5 Analysis of Functional Interactions and Functional Architecture 112
5.6 Secondary Value-Related External and Internal Functions 122
5.7 Summary 123
References 123
Chapter 6 System Architecture 124
6.1 Introduction 124
6.2 System Architecture: Form and Function 125
6.3 Non-idealities, Supporting Layers, and Interfaces in System Architecture 135
6.4 Operational Behavior 139
6.5 Reasoning about Architecture Using Representations 143
6.6 Summary 150
References 150
Chapter 7 Solution-Neutral Function and Concepts 151
7.1 Introduction 151
7.2 Identifying the Solution-Neutral Function 154
7.3 Concept 156
7.4 Integrated concepts 166
7.5 Concepts of Operations and Services 171
7.6 Summary 172
References 173
chapter 8 From concept to Architecture 174
8.1 Introduction 174
8.2 Developing the Level 1 Architecture 176
8.3 Developing the Level 2 Architecture 180
8.4 Home Data Network Architecture at Level 2 184
8.5 Modularizing the System at Level 1 187
8.6 Summary 189
References 190
Part 3 Creating System architecture 191
Chapter 9 The Role of the Architect 192
9.1 Introduction 192
9.2 Ambiguity and the Role of the Architect 192
9.3 The Product Development Process 198
9.4 Summary 206
References 210
Chapter 10 Upstream and Downstream Influences on System Architecture 211
10.1 Introduction 211
10.2 Upstream Influence: Corporate Strategy 212
10.3 Upstream Influence: Marketing 215
10.4 Upstream Influence: Regulation and Pseudo-Regulatory Influences 218
10.5 Upstream Influence: Technology Infusion 220
10.6 Downstream Influence: Implementation—Coding, Manufacturing, and Supply Chain Management 221
10.7 Downstream Influence: Operations 224
10.8 Downstream Influence: Design for X 226
10.9 Downstream Influence: Product and System Evolution, and Product Families 228
10.10 the Product Case: Architecture Business Case Decision (ABCD) 231
10.11 Summary 235
References 238
Chapter 11 Translating Needs into Goals 240
11.1 Introduction 240
11.2 Identifying Beneficiaries and Stakeholders 241
11.3 Characterizing Needs 250
11.4 Interpreting Needs as Goals 258
11.5 Prioritizing Goals 264
11.6 Summary 267
References 273
Chapter 12 Applying Creativity to Generating a Concept 276
12.1 Introduction 276
12.2 Applying Creativity to Concept 277
12.3 Develop the Concepts 282
12.4 Expand the Concepts and Develop the Concept Fragments 283
12.5 Evolve and Refine the Integrated Concepts 288
12.6 Select a Few Integrated Concepts for Further Development 291
12.7 Summary 293
References 298
Chapter 13 Decomposition as a Tool for Managing Complexity 300
13.1 Introduction 300
13.2 Understanding Complexity 300
13.3 Managing Complexity 309
13.4 Summary 317
References 322
Part 4 Architecture as Decisions 323
Chapter 14 System Architecture as a Decision-making Process 325
14.1 Introduction 325
14.2 Formulating the Apollo Architecture Decision Problem 326
14.3 Decisions and Decision Support 331
14.4 Four Main Tasks of Decision Support Systems 333
14.5 Basic Decision Support Tools 334
14.6 Decision Support for System Architecture 340
14.7 Summary 342
References 342
Chapter 15 Reasoning about Architectural Tradespaces 345
15.1 Introduction 345
15.2 Tradespace Basics 346
15.3 The Pareto Frontier 348
15.4 Structure of The tradespace 355
15.5 Sensitivity Analysis 359
15.6 Organizing Architectural Decisions 364
15.7 Summary 370
References 371
Chapter 16 Formulating and Solving System Architecture Optimization Problems 373
16.1 Introduction 373
16.2 Formulating a System Architecture Optimization Problem 375
16.3 NEOSS Example: An Earth Observing Satellite System for NASA 377
16.4 Patterns in System Architecting Decisions 379
16.5 Formulating a Large-scale System Architecture Problem 403
16.6 Solving System Architecture Optimization Problems 408
16.7 Summary 416
References 416
Appendices 420
Chapter Problems 435
Index 462