The Evolution of Labor Relations in Japan
豆瓣
Heavy Industry, 1853-1955
Andrew Gordon
简介
The century-long process by which a distinct pattern of Japanese labor relations evolved is traced through the often turbulent interactions of workers, managers, and, at times, government bureaucrats and politicians. The author argues that, although by the 1920s labor relations had reached a stage that foreshadowed postwar development, it was not until the 1940s and 1950s that something closely akin to the contemporary pattern emerged.
The central theme is that the ideas and actions of the workers, whether unionized or not, played a vital role in the shaping of the system. This is the only study in the West that demonstrates how Japanese workers sought to change and to some extent succeeded in changing the structure of factory life. Managerial innovations and the efforts of state bureaucrats to control social change are also examined.
The book is based on extensive archival research and interviewing in Japan, including the use of numerous labor-union publications and the holdings of the prewar elite's principal organization for the study of social issues, the Kyochokai, both collections having only recently been catalogued and opened to scholars. This is an intensive look at past developments that underlie labor relations in today's Japanese industrial plants.
contents
INTRODUCTION
1
Occupational Breakdown of Meiji Workers by Number and Percent 20
2
tra velers end? hiring and longterm
4
ORGANIZING INDUSTRIAL WORKERS
17
PA TERNALISM AND DIRECT MAN A GEMENT
51
19171921
81
Shibaura BlueCollar Turnover 19041927
88
LengthofService Awards to All Shibaura Employees
93
Total Daily Income for Male Heavy Industrial Workers in Tokyo 1924 and 1927 173
173
Actual Monthly Wages
194
19351939 NKK Staff and Worker Bonuses
199
COMPANIES UNIONS
207
Union Membership in the Machine Industry 19301933
248
PERMANENT JOBS AND REG ULA TED WA GES
257
Incentive Wages as a Proportion of Total Income at Yokohama Dock Company 19351945
282
LABOR ORGANIZATION WITHOUT UNIONS
299
Turnover at Four Tsukishima Factories in 1919
95
Worker Tenure by Rank at Uraga August 1921
100
Uraga Day Wages and Total Income 1921
104
Employment
125
Hiring Rates by Month
127
Turnover Survey at Three Machine Factories 111925101926
129
Job Security and the Labor Movement
132
Average WorkForce Size 19201937
136
Distribution of Uraga Dock Workers by Tenure 1921 and 1925
138
Persistence of Employment BlueCollar Males 19181941
142
Yearly Turnover at Nippon Kokan 19181933 Blue Collar
145
Firing in Heavy Industry 1925 19301931
147
Reasons for Separation 19141932
153
The Return of Good Times
156
Extent of JobSwitching in Heavy Industry 1938
159
The Wage Tangle
163
Premium Point System at NKK ca 1933
167
Absenteeism at Various Toshiba Factories 19351945
316
Labor Disputes 19371944
322
THE WORKER VERSION
329
THE MAN A GEMENT RE VISION
367
Hypothetical Cost of Transferring vs Firing and Rehiring Japanese Petrochemical Plant late 1950s
394
Persistency of Employment BlueCollar Males 19551980
398
Labor Disputes Over Job Dismissals 19461982
402
Duration of Labor Disputes 19621963 19761982
403
Temporary and PartTime Employees at TSshiba 19581983
406
CONCLUSION
413
Stages of Development
414
APPENDIX
436
B Bank of Japans Tokyo Wholesale Prices Indices 18871944
438
Strikes in Industry 440
460
BIBLIOGRAPHY
487
INDEX
505
版权
