Trask's Historical Linguistics
豆瓣
3rd Edition
Larry Trask / Edited by Robert McColl Millar
简介
Trask’s Historical Linguistics, Third Edition, is an accessible introduction to historical linguistics – the study of language change over time. This engaging book is illustrated with language examples from all six continents, and covers the fundamental concepts of language change, methods for historical linguistics, linguistic reconstruction, sociolinguistic aspects of language change, language contact, the birth and death of languages, language and prehistory and the issue of very remote relations.
This third edition of the renowned Trask’s Historical Linguistics is fully revised and updated and covers the most recent developments in historical linguistics, including:
more detail on morphological change including cutting-edge discussions of iconization
coverage of recent developments in sociolinguistic explanations of variation and change
new case studies focusing on Germanic languages and American and New Zealand English, and updated exercises covering each of the topics within the book
a brand new companion website featuring material for both professors and students, including discussion questions and further exercises as well as commentaries on the exercises within the book.
Trask’s Historical Linguistics is essential reading for all students of language, linguistics and related disciplines.
The accompanying website can be found at www.routledge.com/cw/trask
目录
1 The fact of language change
1.1 Chilled
1.2 English then and now
1.3 Attitudes to language change
1.4 The inevitability of change
Case study: bonk!
Further reading
Exercises
2 Lexical and semantic change
2.1 Borrowing
2.2 Phonological treatment of loans
2.3 Morphological treatment of loans
2.4 Formation of new words
2.5 Change in word-meaning
Case study: nice
Further reading
Exercises
3 Phonological change I: change in pronunciation
3.1 The phonetic basis of phonological change
3.2 Assimilation and dissimilation
3.3 Lenition and fortition
3.4 Addition and removal of phonetic features
3.5 Vowels and syllable structure
3.6 Whole-segment processes
3.7 The regularity issue: a first look
Case study: Germanic */xw/ in the present-day dialects
3.8 Summary
Further reading
Exercises
4 Phonological change II: change in phonological systems
4.1 Conditioning and rephonologization
4.2 Phonological space
4.3 Chain shifts
4.4 Phonological change as rule change
Case study: the Germanic consonant system: ‘Grimm’s Law’ and ‘Verner’s Law’
4.5 Summary
Further reading
Exercises
5 Morphological change
5.1 Reanalysis
5.2 Analogy and levelling
5.3 Universal principles of analogy
5.4 Morphologization
5.5 Morphologization of phonological rules
5.6 Change in morphological type
Case study: the development of the definite article from the
demonstrative paradigm in English
Further reading
Exercises
6 Syntactic change
6.1 Reanalysis of surface structure
6.2 Shift of markedness
6.3 Grammaticalization
6.4 Typological harmony
6.5 Syntactic change as restructuring of grammars
Case study: the rise of ergativity
Further reading
Exercises
7 Relatedness between languages
7.1 The origin of dialects
7.2 Dialect geography
7.3 Genetic relationships
7.4 Tree model and wave model
7.5 The language families of the world
Case study: a Martian’s eye view on the Germanic language family
Further reading
Exercises
8 The comparative method
8.1 Systematic correspondences
8.2 Comparative reconstruction
8.3 Pitfalls and limitations
8.4 The Neogrammarian Hypothesis
8.5 Semantic reconstruction
8.6 The use of typology and universals
8.7 Reconstructing grammar
8.8 The reality of proto-languages
Case study: a reconstruction too far?
Further reading
Exercises
9 Internal reconstruction
9.1 A first look at the internal method
9.2 Alternations and internal reconstruction
9.3 Internal reconstruction of grammar and lexicon
Case study: the laryngeal theory of PIE
Further reading
Exercises
10 The origin and propagation of change
10.1 The Saussurean paradox
10.2 Variation and social stratifi cation
10.3 Variation as the vehicle of change
10.4 Lexical diffusion
10.5 Near-mergers
Case study: historical sociolinguistics
10.6 A closing note
Further reading
Exercises
11 Social and historical pressures upon language
11.1 Linguistic contact
11.2 Linguistic areas
11.3 Language birth: pidgins and creoles
11.4 Language planning
11.5 Language death
Case study: the genesis and development of American and New Zealand English
Further reading
Exercises
12 Language and prehistory
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Linguistic palaeontology
12.3 Links with archaeology
12.4 Statistical methods
Case study: Greenberg’s mass comparison
Further reading
Exercises
Appendix: the Swadesh 200-word list
Bibliography
Index
