Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual, Second Edition
豆瓣
:PDM-2
Vittorio Lingiardi / Nancy McWilliams
简介
Now completely revised (over 90% new), this is the authoritative diagnostic manual grounded in psychodynamic clinical models and theories. Explicitly oriented toward case formulation and treatment planning, PDM-2 offers practitioners an empirically based, clinically useful alternative or supplement to DSM and ICD categorical diagnoses. Leading international authorities systematically address personality functioning and psychological problems of infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age, including clear conceptualizations and illustrative case examples. Purchasers get access to a companion website where they can find additional case illustrations and download and print five reproducible PDM-derived rating scales in a convenient 8 1/2" x 11" size.
New to This Edition
*Significant revisions to all chapters, reflecting a decade of clinical, empirical, and methodological advances.
*Chapter with extended case illustrations, including complete PDM profiles.
*Separate section on older adults (the first classification system with a geriatric section).
*Extensive treatment of psychotic conditions and the psychotic level of personality organization.
*Greater attention to issues of culture and diversity, and to both the clinician's and patient's subjectivity.
*Chapter on recommended assessment instruments, plus reproducible/downloadable diagnostic tools.
*In-depth comparisons to DSM-5 and ICD-10-CM throughout.
Sponsoring associations include the International Psychoanalytical Association, Division 39 of the American Psychological Association, the American Psychoanalytic Association, the International Association for Relational Psychoanalysis & Psychotherapy, the American Association for Psychoanalysis in Clinical Social Work, and five other organizations.
contents
Introduction
Vittorio Lingiardi, MD Nancy McWilliams, PhD
Rationale for the PDM‑2 Classification System 3
Updating and Refining the Original PDM 7
PART I. ADULTHOOD
1. Personality Syndromes—P Axis
Nancy McWilliams, PhD Jonathan Shedler, PhD
Introduction 15
Level of Personality Organization (Severity of Disturbance) 17
P‑Axis Personality Syndromes 29
APPENDIX 1.1. Comparison of PDM‑2 with Other Diagnostic Systems 68
APPENDIX 1.2. Definitions of Relevant Terms and Concepts 71
2. Profile of Mental Functioning—M Axis
Vittorio Lingiardi, MD Robert F. Bornstein, PhD
Introduction 75
Definitions of the 12 M‑Axis Capacities 77
Empirically Grounded Assessment of M‑Axis Capacities 79
1. Capacity for Regulation, Attention, and Learning 80
2. Capacity for Affective Range, Communication, and Understanding 84
3. Capacity for Mentalization and Reflective Functioning 88
4. Capacity for Differentiation and Integration (Identity) 92
5. Capacity for Relationships and Intimacy 95
6. Capacity for Self‑Esteem Regulation and Quality of Internal Experience 99
7. Capacity for Impulse Control and Regulation 100
8. Capacity for Defensive Functioning 103
9. Capacity for Adaptation, Resiliency, and Strength 107
10. Self‑Observing Capacities (Psychological Mindedness) 110
11. Capacity to Construct and Use Internal Standards and Ideals 113
12. Capacity for Meaning and Purpose 116
Summary of Basic Mental Functioning 119
3. Symptom Patterns: The Subjective Experience—S Axis
Emanuela Mundo, MD John Allison O’Neil, MD
Introduction 134
International and North American Taxonomies 135
Differential Diagnosis of Certain Subjective Experiences 135
Context of Subjective Experience: Time 137
Comorbidity 138
Psychological Experiences That May Require Clinical Attention 139
S1 Predominantly Psychotic Disorders 139
S11 Brief Psychotic Disorder (Hysterical Psychosis, Bouffée Délirante
Polymorphe Aigüe) 141
S12 Delusional Disorder (“Pure Paranoia”) 143
S13 Schizotypal Disorder (Simple Schizophrenia, Residual Schizophrenia) 144
S14 Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder 144
S2 Mood Disorders 154
S21 Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia) 154
S22 Major Depressive Disorder 155
S23 Cyclothymic Disorder 158
S24 Bipolar Disorders 158
S25 Maternal Affective Disorders 160
S3 Disorders Related Primarily to Anxiety 164
S31 Anxiety Disorders 164
S31.1 SPECIFIC PHOBIAS 168
S31.2 SOCIAL PHOBIA 169
S31.3 AGORAPHOBIA AND PANIC DISORDER 169
S31.4 GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER 170
S32 Obsessive–Compulsive and Related Disorders 171
S32.1 OBSESSIVE–COMPULSIVE DISORDER 173
S32.2 BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDER (DYSMORPHOPHOBIA) 174
S32.3 HOARDING DISORDER 176
S32.4 TRICHOTILLOMANIA AND EXCORIATION DISORDER 176
S4 Event‑ and Stressor‑Related Disorders 177
S41 Trauma‑ and Stressor‑Related Disorders 180
S41.1 ADJUSTMENT DISORDERS 180
S41.2 ACUTE AND POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDERS 182
S41.3 COMPLEX POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER 190
S42 Dissociative Disorders 194
S42.1 DEPERSONALIZATION/DEREALIZATION DISORDER 194
S42.2 DISSOCIATIVE AMNESIA ± FUGUE 197
S42.3 DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER AND OTHER SPECIFIED DISSOCIATIVE DISORDER–1 198
S43 Conversion Disorder 206
S5 Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders 207
S51 Somatic Symptom Disorder 208
S52 Illness Anxiety Disorder (Hypochondriasis) 210
S53 Factitious Disorders 211
S6 Specific Symptom Disorders 213
S61 Feeding and Eating Disorders 213
S62 Sleep–Wake Disorders 217
S63 Sexual Dysfunctions 219
S64 Paraphilic Disorders 220
S65 Disruptive, Impulse‑Control, and Conduct Disorders 223
S7 Disorders Related to Addiction and to Other Medical Conditions 225
S71 Addictions 225
S71.1 SUBSTANCE‑RELATED DISORDERS 225
S71.2 BEHAVIORAL ADDICTIONS (GAMBLING, INTERNET ADDICTION, SEX ADDICTION) 228
S72 Mental Disorders Due to Another Medical Condition 228
S72.1 HIV‑RELATED NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDER 230
SApp Appendix: Psychological Experiences That May Require Clinical Attention 231
SApp1 Demographic Minority Populations (Ethnic, Cultural, Linguistic,
Religious, Political) 232
SApp1.1 ETHNIC AND CULTURAL MINORITIES 233
SApp1.2 LINGUISTIC MINORITIES 234
SApp1.3 RELIGIOUS MINORITIES 235
SApp1.4 POLITICAL MINORITIES 236
SApp2 Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Populations 237
SApp3 Gender Incongruence 240
PART II. ADOLESCENCE
4. Profile of Mental Functioning for Adolescents—MA Axis
Mario Speranza, MD, PhD Nick Midgley, PhD
Introduction 263
Empirically Grounded Assessment of MA‑Axis Capacities 264
1. Capacity for Regulation, Attention, and Learning 265
2. Capacity for Affective Range, Communication, and Understanding 269
3. Capacity for Mentalization and Reflective Functioning 274
4. Capacity for Differentiation and Integration (Identity) 279
5. Capacity for Relationships and Intimacy 283
6. Capacity for Self‑Esteem Regulation and Quality of Internal Experience 286
7. Capacity for Impulse Control and Regulation 290
8. Capacity for Defensive Functioning 292
9. Capacity for Adaptation, Resiliency, and Strength 295
10. Self‑Observing Capacities (Psychological Mindedness) 298
11. Capacity to Construct and Use Internal Standards and Ideals 300
12. Capacity for Meaning and Purpose 303
Summary of Basic Mental Functioning 305
5. Emerging Personality Patterns and Syndromes
in Adolescence—PA Axis
Johanna C. Malone, PhD Norka Malberg, PsyD
Introduction 323
Adolescents and Emerging Personality: Background and Significance 324
Developmental Aspects of Adolescent Emerging Personality Patterns 326
Significant Contextual Factors in the Treatment of Adolescents 328
Clinical Issues Arising in the Treatment of Adolescents 330
Personality Assessment in Adolescence 332
Self‑Report Measures of Personality Functioning in Adolescence 333
Interview‑Based or Clinician‑Reported Measures of Adolescent Personality Functioning 334
Performance‑Based Methods of Measuring Personality Functioning in Adolescence 336
Storytelling Techniques 337
The PA‑Axis Diagnostic Approach 338
PA‑Axis Personality Syndromes 342
6. Adolescent Symptom Patterns:
The Subjective Experience—SA Axis
Mario Speranza, MD, PhD
Introduction 386
SA0 Healthy Responses 389
SA01 Developmental and Situational Crises 389
SA1 Predominantly Psychotic Disorders 390
SA11 Brief Psychotic Disorder 391
SA14 Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder 392
SA2 Mood Disorders 396
SA22 Depressive Disorders 396
SA24 Bipolar Disorders 399
SA26 Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder 401
SA27 Suicidality 402
SA28 Nonsuicidal Self‑lnjury 404
SA3 Disorders Related Primarily to Anxiety 406
SA31 Anxiety Disorders 407
SA31.1 SPECIFIC PHOBIAS 409
SA31.2 SOCIAL PHOBIA 409
SA31.3 AGORAPHOBIA AND PANIC DISORDER 409
SA31.4 GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER 410
SA32 Obsessive–Compulsive and Related Disorders 410
SA32.1 OBSESSIVE–COMPULSIVE DISORDER 410
SA32.2 BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDER (DYSMORPHOPHOBIA) 412
SA4 Event‑ and Stressor‑Related Disorders 413
SA41 Trauma‑ and Stressor‑Related Disorders 413
SA41.1 ADJUSTMENT DISORDERS 413
SA41.2 ACUTE AND POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDERS 414
SA41.3 COMPLEX POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER 416
SA42 Dissociative Disorders 416
SA43 Conversion Disorder 417
SA5 Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders 418
SA51 Somatic Symptom Disorder 418
SA52 Illness Anxiety Disorder 420
SA53 Factitious Disorders 420
SA8 Psychophysiological Disorders 421
SA81 Feeding and Eating Disorders 421
SA9 Disruptive Behavior Disorders 425
SA91 Conduct Disorder 425
SA92 Oppositional Defiant Disorder 427
SA93 Substance‑Related Disorders 429
SA94 Internet Addiction Disorder 431
SA10 Patterns in Adolescence of Infancy/Childhood‑Onset Disorders 432
SA101 Autism Spectrum Disorder 432
SA102 Attention‑Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder 435
SA103 Specific Learning Disorders 437
SAApp Appendix: Psychological Experiences That May Require Clinical Attention 440
SAApp1 Demographic Minority Populations (Ethnic, Cultural, Linguistic,
Religious, Political) 440
SAApp2 Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Populations 442
SAApp3 Gender Incongruence 444
PART III. CHILDHOOD
7. Profile of Mental Functioning for Children—MC Axis
Norka Malberg, PsyD Larry Rosenberg, PhD
Introduction 465
Empirically Grounded Assessment of MC‑Axis Capacities 466
1. Capacity for Regulation, Attention, and Learning 468
2. Capacity for Affective Range, Communication, and Understanding 472
3. Capacity for Mentalization and Reflective Functioning 475
4. Capacity for Differentiation and Integration (Identity) 478
5. Capacity for Relationships and Intimacy 480
6. Capacity for Self‑Esteem Regulation and Quality of Internal Experience 482
7. Capacity for Impulse Control and Regulation 484
8. Capacity for Defensive Functioning 486
9. Capacity for Adaptation, Resiliency, and Strength 488
10. Self‑Observing Capacities (Psychological Mindedness) 490
11. Capacity to Construct and Use Internal Standards and Ideals 491
Summary of Basic Mental Functioning 492
8. Emerging Personality Patterns and Difficulties
in Childhood—PC Axis
Norka Malberg, PsyD Larry Rosenberg, PhD Johanna C. Malone, PhD
Introduction 501
Developing a Profile of Emerging Personality Patterns and Difficulties 504
Factors Influencing Emerging Personality Patterns and Difficulties 504
Personality Assessment Instruments 513
Levels of Personality Organization for Children Ages 4–11 518
Sample Profile of a Child at a Healthy Level of Personality Functioning 519
Other Levels of Personality Functioning: Descriptions, Clinical Illustrations,
and Evaluations 521
9. Child Symptom Patterns: The Subjective Experience—SC Axis
Norka Malberg, PsyD Larry Rosenberg, PhD
Introduction 540
SC0 Healthy Responses 542
SC01 Developmental Crises 542
SC02 Situational Crises 544
SC2 Mood Disorders 545
SC22 Depressive Disorders 545
SC24 Bipolar Disorder 548
SC27 Suicidality 551
SC29 Prolonged Mourning/Grief Reaction 555
SC3 Disorders Related Primarily to Anxiety 557
SC31 Anxiety Disorders 557
SC31.1 PHOBIAS 560
SC32 Obsessive–Compulsive and Related Disorders 561
SC32.1 OBSESSIVE–COMPULSIVE DISORDER 561
SC4 Event‑ and Stressor‑Related Disorders 564
SC41 Trauma‑ and Stressor‑Related Disorders 564
SC41.1 ADJUSTMENT DISORDERS (OTHER THAN DEVELOPMENTAL) 567
SC5 Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders 568
SC51 Somatic Symptom Disorder 568
SC8 Psychophysiological Disorders 569
SC81 Feeding and Eating Disorders 569
SC81.1 ANOREXIA NERVOSA 571
SC81.2 BULIMIA NERVOSA 571
SC9 Disruptive Behavior Disorders 571
SC91 Conduct Disorder 571
SC92 Oppositional Defiant Disorder 573
SC93 Substance‑Related Disorders 576
SC11 Disorders of Mental Functioning 577
SC112 Tic Disorders 577
SC112 Psychotic Disorders 579
SC114 Neuropsychological Disorders 581
SC114.2 Motor Skills Disorders 581
SC114.2 VISUAL–SPATIAL PROCESSING DISORDERS 582
SC114.3 LANGUAGE AND AUDITORY PROCESSING DISORDERS 583
SC114.4 MEMORY IMPAIRMENTS 585
SC114.5 ATTENTION‑DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER 586
SC114.6 EXECUTIVE FUNCTION DIFFICULTIES 588
SC114.7 SEVERE COGNITIVE DEFICITS 590
SC115 Learning Disorders 591
SC115.1 READING DISORDERS 591
SC115.2 MATHEMATICS DISORDERS 592
SC115.3 DISORDERS OF WRITTEN EXPRESSION 593
SC115.4 NONVERBAL LEARNING DISABILITIES 594
SC115.5 SOCIAL‑EMOTIONAL LEARNING DISABILITIES 596
SC12 Developmental Disorders 597
SC121 Regulatory Disorders 597
SC122 Feeding Problems of Childhood 598
SC123 Elimination Disorders 599
SC123.1 ENCOPRESIS 600
SC123.2 ENURESIS 600
SC124 Sleep–Wake Disorders 600
SC125 Attachment Disorders 601
SC126 Autism Spectrum Disorders 603
SC126.1 AUTISM 603
SC126.2 ASPERGER SYNDROME 605
SCApp Appendix: Psychological Experiences That May Require Clinical Attention 606
SCApp3 Gender Incongruence 606
PART IV. INFANCY AND EARLY CHILDHOOD
10. Mental Health and Developmental Disorders in Infancy
and Early Childhood—IEC 0–3
Anna Maria Speranza, PhD Linda Mayes, MD
Introduction 625
Overview of the Multiaxial System 627
A Comprehensive Approach to Clinical Evaluation 628
Axis I: Primary Diagnoses 629
IEC01 Sleep Disorders 631
IEC02 Feeding and Eating Disorders 636
IEC03 Elimination Disorders 641
IEC04 Anxiety Disorders 644
IEC05 Disorders of Emotional Range and Stability 648
IEC06 Depressive Disorders 651
IEC07 Mood Dysregulation: A Unique Type of Interactive and Mixed
Regulatory–Sensory Processing Disorder Characterized by Bipolar Patterns 654
IEC08 Prolonged Grief Reaction 656
IEC09 Adjustment Disorders 659
IEC10 Traumatic Stress Disorders 661
IEC11 Reactive Attachment Disorders 665
IEC12 Disruptive Behavior and Oppositional Disorders 669
IEC13 Gender Incongruence 672
IEC14 Regulatory–Sensory Processing Disorders 674
IEC14.01 Hypersensitive or Overresponsive Disorder 677
IEC14.01.1 HYPERSENSITIVE OR OVERRESPONSIVE: FEARFUL, ANXIOUS PATTERN 677
IEC14.01.2 HYPERSENSITIVE OR OVERRESPONSIVE: NEGATIVE, STUBBORN PATTERN 678
IEC14.02 Hyposensitive or Underresponsive: Self-Absorbed Pattern 679
IEC14.02.1 PATTERN A: SELF-ABSORBED AND DIFFICULT-TO-ENGAGE TYPE 680
IEC14.02.2 PATTERN B: SELF-ABSORBED AND CREATIVE TYPE 680
IEC14.03 Active, Sensory-Seeking Pattern 681
IEC14.04 Inattentive, Disorganized Pattern 682
IEC14.04.1 WITH SENSORY DISCRIMINATION DIFFICULTIES 682
IEC14.04.2 WITH POSTURAL CONTROL DIFFICULTIES 682
IEC14.04.3 WITH DYSPRAXIA 682
IEC14.04.4 WITH COMBINATIONS OF ALL THREE 682
IEC14.05 Compromised School and/or Academic Performance Pattern 683
IEC14.05.1 WITH SENSORY DISCRIMINATION DIFFICULTIES 683
IEC14.05.2 WITH POSTURAL CONTROL DIFFICULTIES 683
IEC14.05.3 WITH DYSPRAXIA 683
IEC14.05.4 WITH COMBINATIONS OF ALL THREE 683
IEC14.06 Mixed Regulatory–Sensory Processing Patterns 684
IEC14.06.1 MIXED REGULATORY–SENSORY PROCESSING PATTERNS WITH EVIDENCE
OF SOMATIC COMPLAINTS AND ATTENTIONAL, EMOTIONAL, AND BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS 684
IEC14.06.2 MIXED REGULATORY–SENSORY PROCESSING PATTERNS WITHOUT EVIDENCE
OF BEHAVIORAL OR EMOTIONAL PROBLEMS 684
IEC15 Neurodevelopmental Disorders of Relating and Communicating 687
IEC15.01 Type I: Early Symbolic, with Constrictions 689
IEC15.02 Type II: Purposeful Problem Solving, with Constrictions 691
IEC15.03 Type III: Intermittently Engaged and Purposeful 692
IEC15.04 Type IV: Aimless and Unpurposeful 693
Axis II: Functional Emotional Developmental Capacities 694
Axis III: Regulatory–Sensory Processing Capacities 709
Axis IV: Relational Patterns and Disorders 714
Axis V: Other Medical and Neurological Diagnoses 733
PART V. LATER LIFE
11. Introduction to Part V
Franco Del Corno, MPhyl, DPsych Daniel Plotkin, MD
12. Profile of Mental Functioning for the Elderly—ME Axis
Franco Del Corno, MPhyl, DPsych Daniel Plotkin, MD
Introduction 755
1. Capacity for Regulation, Attention, and Learning 759
2. Capacity for Affective Range, Communication, and Understanding 761
3. Capacity for Mentalization and Reflective Functioning 761
4. Capacity for Differentiation and Integration (Identity) 762
5. Capacity for Relationships and Intimacy 763
6. Capacity for Self‑Esteem Regulation and Quality of Internal Experience 764
7. Capacity for Impulse Control and Regulation 765
8. Capacity for Defensive Functioning 765
9. Capacity for Adaptation, Resiliency, and Strength 766
10. Self‑Observing Capacities (Psychological Mindedness) 767
11. Capacity to Construct and Use Internal Standards and Ideals 768
12. Capacity for Meaning and Purpose 769
Summary of Basic Mental Functioning 771
13. Personality Patterns and Syndromes in the Elderly—PE Axis
Franco Del Corno, MPhyl, DPsych Daniel Plotkin, MD
Introduction 777
PE‑Axis Personality Syndromes 780
14. Symptom Patterns in the Elderly:
The Subjective Experience—SE Axis
Franco Del Corno, MPhyl, DPsych Daniel Plotkin, MD
Introduction 820
SE1 Predominantly Psychotic Disorders 821
SE15 Late-Onset Psychosis 821
SE2 Mood Disorders 824
SE22 Depressive Disorders 824
SE23 Cyclothymic Disorder 828
SE24 Bipolar Disorders 829
SE3 Disorders Related Primarily to Anxiety 831
SE31 Anxiety Disorders 831
SE32 Obsessive–Compulsive and Related Disorders 835
SE32.1 OBSESSIVE–COMPULSIVE DISORDER 835
SE32.2 BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDER 836
SE32.3 HOARDING DISORDER 836
SE32.4 TRICHOTILLOMANIA AND EXCORIATION DISORDER 837
SE4 Event‑ and Stressor‑Related Disorders 839
SE41 Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders 839
SE41.2 ACUTE AND POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDERS 839
SE42 Dissociative Disorders 842
SE43 Conversion Disorder 842
SE45 Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder (Complicated Grief) 842
SE5 Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders 845
SE51 Somatic Symptom Disorder 845
SE52 Illness Anxiety Disorder 846
SE53 Factitious Disorders 846
SE54 Psychological Factors Affecting Other Medical Conditions 847
SE6 Specific Symptom Disorders 849
SE61 Feeding and Eating Disorders 849
SE62 Sleep–Wake Disorders 852
SE63 Sexual Dysfunctions 853
SE64 Paraphilic Disorders 855
SE7 Disorders Related to Addiction 856
SE71 Addictions 856
SE71.1 SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS 856
SE71.2 BEHAVIORAL ADDICTIONS 858
SE71.2.1 Gambling Disorder 858
SE71.2.2 Sexual Addiction 858
SE13 Neurocognitive Disorders 859
SE131 Delirium 859
SE132 Mild Neurocognitive Disorder (Mild Cognitive Impairment) 860
SE133 Major Neurocognitive Disorder (Dementia) 862
SEApp Appendix: Psychological Experiences That May Require Clinical Attention 865
SEApp1 Demographic Minority Populations (Ethnic, Cultural, Linguistic,
Religious, Political) 865
SEApp2 Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Populations 867
SEApp3 Gender Incongruence 868
PART VI. ASSESSMENT AND CLINICAL ILLUSTRATIONS
15. Assessment within the PDM‑2 Framework
Sherwood Waldron, MD Robert M. Gordon, PhD, ABPP
Francesco Gazzillo, PhD
Introduction 889
General Considerations 891
Part One. Instruments for PDM‑2 Diagnostic Formulations 892
Part Two. Additional Instruments Useful for the PDM‑2 Evaluation Process 919
Part Three. A Clinical Illustration: Tool‑Based Assessment 943
Psychodiagnostic Chart–2 (PDC‑2) 950
16. Clinical Illustrations and PDM‑2 Profiles
Franco Del Corno, MPhyl, DPsych Vittorio Lingiardi, MD
Nancy McWilliams, PhD
Introduction 973
Adulthood 974
Adolescence 977
Psychodiagnostic Chart–2 (PDC‑2) 978
Childhood 986
Psychodiagnostic Chart—Adolescent (PDC‑A) 987
Psychodiagnostic Chart—Child (PDC‑C) 996
Infancy and Early Childhood 999
Psychodiagnostic Chart—Infancy and Early Childhood (PDC‑IEC) 1003
Later Life 1007
Psychodiagnostic Chart—Elderly (PDC‑E) 1012
Appendix. Psychodiagnostic Charts (PDCs)
Psychodiagnostic Chart–2 (PDC‑2) 1019
Psychodiagnostic Chart—Adolescent (PDC‑A) 1024
Psychodiagnostic Chart—Child (PDC‑C) 1028
Psychodiagnostic Chart—Infancy and Early Childhood (PDC‑IEC) 1032
Psychodiagnostic Chart—Elderly (PDC‑E) 1036
Index