解答人類政治史上最大難題的偉大之書。──賈德．戴蒙 ,《槍炮、病菌與鋼鐵》作者<br /><br />　　《國家為什麼會失敗》作者 睽違七年 宏觀典範之作<br />　　問題已經不只是「國家為什麼會失敗」，而是居然有國家能成功。<br />　　***<br />　　為什麼有些國家能保障自由，有些國家卻宰割公民？還有些國家徒具形式，根本無法有效治理？<br /><br />　　自由，意謂不受他人力量宰制，無須時時生活在恐懼之中。可是，綜觀人類歷史數千年，自由十分罕見。多數時候，強者為所欲為，弱者任憑宰割。理當維持秩序的國家機器若非不存在，就是淪為壓迫的幫兇。為什麼會這樣？<br /><br />　　艾塞默魯與羅賓森教授回顧古今中外，引領讀者走訪一個又一個文明故事。從雅典城邦、阿拉伯與中東、非洲、夏威夷與大洋洲、前蘇聯、歐洲、中國與美國。兩位作者主張：國家機器強，社會更要強，互相制衡，踏入「窄廊」，自由才有保障。<br /><br />　　本書結合兩位最優秀的政治與經濟學家，奠基於多年原創研究，建構一套清晰、具體的政治經濟學模型。非常適合回應當前全球關心的重大課題：<br />　　◆ 如何約束國家機器、進入通往自由的窄廊？這是西方國家的專利嗎？<br />　　◆ 具有中國特色的自由，是自由嗎？專制國家締造經濟榮景後，能夠回頭保&amp;

Brilliant and engagingly written, Why Nations Fail answers the question that has stumped the experts for centuries: Why are some nations rich and others poor, divided by wealth and poverty, health and sickness, food and famine?

Is it culture, the weather, geography? Perhaps ignorance of what the right policies are?

Simply, no. None of these factors is either definitive or destiny. Otherwise, how to explain why Botswana has become one of the fastest growing countries in the world, while other African nations, such as Zimbabwe, the Congo, and Sierra Leone, are mired in poverty and violence?

Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson conclusively show that it is man-made political and economic institutions that underlie economic success (or lack of it). Korea, to take just one of their fascinating examples, is a remarkably homogeneous nation, yet the people of North Korea are among the poorest on earth while their brothers and sisters in South Korea are among the richest. The south forged a society that created incentives, rewarded innovation, and allowed everyone to participate in economic opportunities. The economic success thus spurred was sustained because the government became accountable and responsive to citizens and the great mass of people. Sadly, the people of the north have endured decades of famine, political repression, and very different economic institutions—with no end in sight. The differences between the Koreas is due to the politics that created these completely different institutional trajectories.

Based on fifteen years of original research Acemoglu and Robinson marshall extraordinary historical evidence from the Roman Empire, the Mayan city-states, medieval Venice, the Soviet Union, Latin America, England, Europe, the United States, and Africa to build a new theory of political economy with great relevance for the big questions of today, including:

   - China has built an authoritarian growth machine. Will it continue to grow at such high speed and overwhelm the West?
   - Are America’s best days behind it? Are we moving from a virtuous circle in which efforts by elites to aggrandize power are resisted to a vicious one that enriches and empowers a small minority?
   - What is the most effective way to help move billions of people from the rut of poverty to prosperity? More
philanthropy from the wealthy nations of the West? Or learning the hard-won lessons of Acemoglu and Robinson’s breakthrough ideas on the interplay between inclusive political and economic institutions?

Why Nations Fail will change the way you look at—and understand—the world.