Bibliographical references included in "Translator's notes" (p. [117]-124)
Published with variations in 1957 in microfilm form as the translator's thesis, Northwestern University, under title: Kant's pre-critical esthetic.

Immanuel Kant’s views on politics, peace, and history have lost none of their relevance since their publication more than two centuries ago. This volume contains a comprehensive collection of Kant’s writings on international relations theory and political philosophy, superbly translated and accompanied by stimulating essays.

Pauline Kleingeld provides a lucid introduction to the main themes of the volume, and three essays by distinguished contributors follow: Jeremy Waldron on Kant’s theory of the state; Michael W. Doyle on the implications of Kant’s political theory for his theory of international relations; and Allen W. Wood on Kant’s philosophical approach to history and its current relevance.

Présentation de l'éditeur
" Les rapports de la pensée critique et de la réflexion anthropologique seront étudiés dans un ouvrage ultérieur ". C'est sur cette phrase que s'achevait la brève "Notice historique " que Michel Foucault avait placé en tête de l'édition de sa traduction de l'Anthropologie de Kant (Vrin, 1964). La note annonçait sans aucun doute l'ouvrage à venir, d'abord caractérisé, dès 1963, comme " le livre sur les signes ", et qui paraîtra en avril 1966 : Les mots et les choses, une archéologie des sciences humaines. En réalité, la courte notice historique, de trois pages, en ouverture de la traduction du texte de Kant ne proposait qu'un extrait fort réduit de ce qui avait constitué l'élément principal de la Thèse complémentaire soutenue en Sorbonne le 20 mai 1961: Introduction à l'anthropologie de Kant, et dont Jean Hyppolite était le rapporteur. Si la thèse complémentaire, intitulée Genèse et structure de l'anthropologie de Kant, était restée inédite (à l'exception de la traduction de Kant), ce n'est pas que Foucault en eût été insatisfait: suivant les conseils des membres du jury, il allait bientôt, dès l'automne 1963, en faire le matériau central de son grand livre à venir. D'où l'intérêt considérable de la présente édition qui donne pour la première fois l'Introduction complète, Genèse et structure de l'anthropologie de Kant, et qui permet ainsi au lecteur d'entrer dans l'atelier d'un penseur dont l'œuvre entière aura été nourri par un débat critique avec Kant: qu'est-ce que l'homme ?

Anthropology, History, and Education, first published in 2007, contains all of Kant's major writings on human nature. Some of these works, which were published over a thirty-nine year period between 1764 and 1803, had never before been translated into English. Kant's question 'What is the human being?' is approached indirectly in his famous works on metaphysics, epistemology, moral and legal philosophy, aesthetics and the philosophy of religion, but it is approached directly in his extensive but less well-known writings on physical and cultural anthropology, the philosophy of history, and education which are gathered in the present volume. Kant repeatedly claimed that the question 'What is the human being?' should be philosophy's most fundamental concern, and Anthropology, History, and Education can be seen as effectively presenting his philosophy as a whole in a popular guise.

Kant was one of the inventors of anthropology, and his lectures on anthropology were the most popular and among the most frequently given of his lecture courses. This volume contains the first translation of selections from student transcriptions of the lectures between 1772 and 1789, prior to the published version, Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View (1798), which Kant edited himself at the end of his teaching career. The two most extensive texts, Anthropology Friedlander (1772) and Anthropology Mrongovius (1786), are presented here in their entirety, along with selections from all the other lecture transcriptions published in the Academy edition, together with sizeable portions of the Menschenkunde (1781-1782), first published in 1831. These lectures show that Kant had a coherent and well-developed empirical theory of human nature bearing on many other aspects of his philosophy, including cognition, moral psychology, politics and philosophy of history.

The Critique of Pure Reason is one of the most influential philosophy books of all times. Kant's influence on modern perception of reason cannot be over estimated. Here Kant redefines reason and gives us the tools to understand reason on two levels: the empirical and the metaphysical.

This edition of Prolegomena includes Kant's letter of February 1772 to Marcus Herz, a momentous document in which Kant relates the progress of his thinking and announces that he is now ready to present a critique of pure reason.

Mit diesem in seiner Art einmaligen Dokument ist eine Fülle der von Kant in den 1760er Jahren behandelten Themen zugänglich. Dies gilt gleichermaßen für Ästhetik, Moral- und Rechtsphilosophie wie auch Anthropologie. Einleitung und Kommentar führen den Leser hin zu der eigentümlichen Arbeits- und Denkweise Immanuel Kants, der sich bei der Niederschrift der hier edierten "Nebengedanken" auf ein weites Netz literarischer Vorlagen bezog. Unveränderter Print-on-Demand-Nachdruck der Ausgabe von 1991.

[T]he present groundwork is nothing more than the identification and vindication of the supreme principle of morality.' In the Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals (1785), Immanuel Kant makes clear his two central intentions: first, to uncover the principle that underpins morality, and secondly to defend its applicability to human beings. The result is one of the most significant texts in the history of ethics, and a masterpiece of Enlightenment thinking. Kant argues that moral law tells us to act only in ways that others could also act, thereby treating them as ends in themselves and not merely as means. Kant contends that despite apparent threats to our freedom from science, and to ethics from our self-interest, we can nonetheless take ourselves to be free rational agents, who as such have a motivation to act on this moral law, and thus the ability to act as moral beings. One of the most studied works of moral philosophy, this new translation by Robert Stern, Joe Saunders, and Christopher Bennett illuminates this famous text for modern readers.

The masterpiece of the father of modern philosophy
A seminal text of modern philosophy, Immanuel Kant's Critique of Pure Reason (1781) made history by bringing together two opposing schools of thought: rationalism, which grounds all our knowledge in reason, and empiricism, which traces all our knowledge to experience. Published here in a lucid reworking of Max Müller's classic translation, the Critique is a profound investigation into the nature of human reason, establishing its truth, falsities, illusions, and reality.
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In THE CRITIQUE OF JUDGMENT (1790), Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) seeks to establish the a priori principles underlying the faculty of judgment, just as he did in his previous critiques of pure and practical reason. The first part deals with the subject of our aesthetic sensibility; we respond to certain natural phenomena as beautiful, says Kant, when we recognize in nature a harmonious order that satisfies the mind's own need for order. The second half of the critique concentrates on the apparent teleology in nature's design of organisms. Kant argues that our minds are inclined to see purpose and order in nature and this is the main principle underlying all of our judgments. Although this might imply a super sensible Designer, Kant insists that we cannot prove a supernatural dimension or the existence of God. Such considerations are beyond reason and are solely the province of faith.

Many contemporaries criticized him for smashing the Age of Reason. Goethe, however, remarked that reading a page of Immanuel Kant was like entering a bright and well-lighted room: The great eighteenth-century philosopher illuminated everything he ever pondered. The twelve essays in this volume reveal Kant's towering importance as an ethical and social thinker as well as his enduring influence on the shape of philosophy. Included are excerpts from Dreams of a Visionary, Prolegomena to Every Future Metaphysics, Metaphysical Foundations of Morals, Critique of Judgement, and Eternal Peace.
As Professor Friedrich writes in his introduction to this volume: "The problem of freedom, the freedom of the human personality to unfold and fulfill its higher destiny, is the central issue of all of Kant's philosophizing."