詹姆斯·格里菲斯 — 作者 (5)
The Great Firewall of China: How to Build and Control an Alternative Version of the Internet [图书] Goodreads
The Great Firewall of China: How to Build and Control an Alternative Version of the Internet
作者: James Griffiths 出版社: Zed Books 2019 - 3
Once little more than a glorified porn filter, China’s ‘Great Firewall’ has evolved into the most sophisticated system of online censorship in the world. Even as the Chinese internet grows and online businesses thrive, speech is controlled, dissent quashed, and any attempts to organise outside the official Communist Party are quickly stamped out. But the effects of the Great Firewall are not confined to China itself. More and more, China is threatening global internet freedoms as it seeks to shore up its censorship regime, with methods that are providing inspiration for aspiring autocrats the world over.
As censorship, distortion and fake news gain traction around the world, and internet giants such as Facebook show ever greater willingness to compromise internet freedoms in pursuit of the Chinese market, James Griffiths takes a look inside the Great Firewall and explores just how far it has spread, arguing that its influence can only be countered by initiating a radical new vision of online liberty.
The Great Firewall of China [图书] 谷歌图书
作者: James Griffiths 出版社: Zed Books Ltd. 2019 - 3
‘Readers will come away startled at just how fragile the online infrastructure we all depend on is and how much influence China wields – both technically and politically' – Jason Q. Ng, author of Blocked on Weibo
'An urgent and much needed reminder about how China's quest for cyber sovereignty is undermining global Internet freedom’ – Kristie Lu Stout, CNN

‘An important and incisive history of the Chinese internet that introduces us to the government officials, business leaders, and technology activists struggling over access to information within the Great Firewall’ – Adam M. Segal, author of The Hacked World Order

Once little more than a glorified porn filter, China’s ‘Great Firewall’ has evolved into the most sophisticated system of online censorship in the world. As the Chinese internet grows and online businesses thrive, speech is controlled, dissent quashed, and attempts to organise outside the official Communist Party are quickly stamped out. But the effects of the Great Firewall are not confined to China itself.

Through years of investigation James Griffiths gained unprecedented access to the Great Firewall and the politicians, tech leaders, dissidents and hackers whose lives revolve around it. As distortion, post-truth and fake news become old news James Griffiths shows just how far the Great Firewall has spread. Now is the time for a radical new vision of online liberty.
Speak Not [图书] 谷歌图书
作者: James Griffiths 出版社: Bloomsbury Publishing 2021 - 10
A New Yorker Best Book of 2022
A Globe & Mail Book of the Year
"A stimulating work on the politics of language." LA Review of Books

As globalisation continues languages are disappearing faster than ever, leaving our planet's linguistic diversity leaping towards extinction. The science of how languages are acquired is becoming more advanced and the internet is bringing us new ways of teaching the next generation, however it is increasingly challenging for minority languages to survive in the face of a handful of hegemonic 'super-tongues'.

In Speak Not, James Griffiths reports from the frontlines of the battle to preserve minority languages, from his native Wales, Hawaii and indigenous American nations, to southern China and Hong Kong. He explores the revival of the Welsh language as a blueprint for how to ensure new generations are not robbed of their linguistic heritage, outlines how loss of indigenous languages is the direct result of colonialism and globalisation and examines how technology is both hindering and aiding the fight to prevent linguistic extinction.

Introducing readers to compelling characters and examining how indigenous communities are fighting for their languages, Griffiths ultimately explores how languages hang on, what happens when they don't, and how indigenous tongues can be preserved and brought back from the brink.
請說「國語」:看語言的瀕危與復興,如何左右身分認同、文化與強權的「統一」敘事 [图书] 博客來
Speak Not: Empire, Identity and the Politics of Language
作者: James Griffiths 译者: 王翎 出版社: 臉譜 2023 - 8


──2020年Openbook好書獎入圍作《牆國誌》作者好評再出擊──
──《環球郵報》2021年度選書──
──《紐約客》2022年最佳書籍──
 
繼調查報導前作《牆國誌》,詹姆斯.格里菲斯再次集歷史、文化、教育、政策、國情於一書,
藉由深度跨國調查威爾斯語、夏威夷語與粵語三種受壓迫語言的今昔與興衰,
直探當代官方語言與少數群體語言的拉鋸與角力,人們的生命經驗又如何受其左右?
 
口碑推薦──
沐羽|作家
胡川安|國立中央大學中文系教授、《秦漢帝國與沒有歷史的人》作者
張學謙|國立臺東大學南島文化研究博士班教授丶華語文學系教授
張正|燦爛時光東南亞主題書店負責人
鄭順聰|作家、臺語推廣者
謝金魚|歷史作家
蘇致亨|《毋甘願的電影史》作者
 
💬誰說「國語」?又是說「誰的」國語?
💬為什麼有些語言成功發揚光大,有些卻淪為弱勢語言甚至滅絕?
 
隨著殖民、帝國主義的擴張,再到全球化與網路普及化,語言的消失速度比以往任何時候都來得快。
地球上的語言多樣性正在逐漸凋零。面對寥寥幾個霸權級「超級語言」,少數族群語言的生存空間是否只會不斷縮減,最終無以為繼?
 
本書作者詹姆斯.格里菲斯出身自英國威爾斯,能流利使用英語、威爾斯語雙語,而母語之一的威爾斯語正是少數族群使用的語言。
家鄉的語言、文化曾在大英帝國中遭到邊緣化,後於20世紀走上復興之路。此外,他在成年後因工作長居香港,
亦看見了近年粵語在香港因國家語言政策產生的變化。因此,他投入數百小時進行採訪、文獻考查以及報導撰寫,
除了記錄自己使用的威爾斯語一度凋零、掙扎而後奮起的過程,也延伸探討半個地球外的粵語及另一種少數族群語言:夏威夷語的命運。
 
作者會帶讀者看到──
🗯中世紀起便由英格蘭統治的威爾斯,面臨工業化後大量英格蘭人移入、英語霸權抬頭,
陸續出現對抗倫敦當局的團體,舉凡公民不服從(收到僅有英語說明的繳費單,拒絕繳納政府規費)、
推動修法(運動人士於法庭堅持以威爾斯語應答,最終促成修法:威爾斯地區庭審可擇一使用英語或威爾斯語),
以及教育改革(推廣基礎教育採納全威爾斯語校園環境)等措施,皆致力於捍衛威爾斯文化。
🗯本書三種少數族群語言中,以夏威夷語母語人士最稀少,加上長期遭邊緣化,
語言易危情況嚴峻。但夏威夷語存續至今仍有其重要、可觀之處:歷經數十年殖民壓迫及政府漠視,
地方人士付出許多心血保衛夏威夷語,例如創辦基金支應原住民優先入學的學校、
為草裙舞去汙名化以發揚本土文化及傳統歌謠、環境保護的社運現場可見到夏威夷語言文化課程進駐開課……
種種勤奮耕耘為現今夏威夷語的復興鋪路。
🗯對其他民族來說,語言復振和民族自決攜手並進,但粵語情況卻相反──
近年的社會運動使北京當局對「撐粵語」人士日益猜疑,視之為隱性的分離主義者。
粵語使用者未來可能會落入類似於早期威爾斯語使用者的處境,被迫得在最後關頭放手一搏。
 
這三種語言的命運,以及使用並努力保存語言、文化的那些人的故事,關乎所有的人。
某些語言的存續現今受到威脅,某些語言未來有一天可能瀕危。語言多樣性流失可能日漸嚴重;
這些語言承載的想法、概念、發明、藝術、詩歌和音樂或將失落不存。然而,語言復振成功案例愈來愈常見,
他山之石並不欠缺,關鍵在於推動復振的政治意志和力量,而且勢必得經過苦戰才能有所收穫。
 
▌好評推薦

語言慣性互相滲透、借鑒、吞噬和轉化。語言是民族國家的染料和坦克。《請說「國語」》剝開了當今世界的外殼,暴露了威爾斯語、夏威夷語和廣東話被強勢語言與官方政策合流壓迫的狀況。一元化是任何自由者的敵人,一如暴政是邊緣者的死敵。
——沐羽/作家
 
《請說「國語」》是一本引人深思的好書,它凸顯了殖民主義和帝國主義對弱勢語言保存所造成的毀滅性影響。藉由深入威爾斯語、夏威夷語和粵語等語言的歷史,我們看到了堅韌的反抗精神,為語言復振之路開啟了一扇門。作者詹姆斯.格里菲斯深入探討語言流失和復振的歷史發展,強調保存語言多樣性的重要性及語言復興的必要性,並提供值得我們學習的語言復興模式。臺灣南島語言是「臺灣給世界的禮物」,可惜在獨尊國語的政策下,急劇流失,臺灣南島語言和文化是臺灣獨有的寶藏,值得我們共同努力去保護和傳承。讓我們從威爾斯語、夏威夷語和粵語等語言的復興模式學習,讓語言多樣性在臺灣綻放出燦爛的光芒,成為臺灣獻給世界的禮物。
——張學謙/國立臺東大學南島文化研究博士班教授丶華語文學系教授
 
此書主要談威爾斯語、夏威夷語、廣東話此三語言的命運,讀過後我也浮現三層感覺。
最開始,是似曾相識的奇異感,原來這地球上的語言,過去曾歷經或正要淪入臺灣本土語言被打壓的循環。其次,是爆裂感,爭取語言平等的歷程,和政治社會與文化傳統緊緊相繫,這樣的糾結常演變為抗爭與衝突。最後,是天上星芒般的希望感,經歷快要窒息的極端處境後,浮出水面,有那麼多光明的未來在眼前。
這是本「黑暗之書」,詳細描述語言被打壓的殘忍細節;同時也是本「預言書」,當某個族群與國家致力於復振,有許多令人激奮的好事可做。同時,猶如「聖經」般的指引,當猶豫躊躇悲觀無望時,指出了許多可能,可以規畫與實踐,還真的成功了。
這是文化平權與語言平等從事者的必讀之書。
——鄭順聰/作家、臺語推廣者