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我是谁,或什么 [图书] 豆瓣 博客來 Goodreads 谷歌图书
The Mind's I: Fantasies And Reflections On Self & Soul
9.0 (10 个评分) 作者: [美] 侯世达 / [美] 丹尼尔·丹尼特 译者: 舒文 / 马健 上海三联书店 2020 - 7
“心灵/心智(mind)是什么?我是谁?纯粹的物质能思考或感受吗?灵魂(soul)在哪里?面对这些问题时,人人都会陷入困惑之中。我们编纂此书,为的是尝试展示这些困惑,让它们变得生动鲜明。我们的目的不是要直接回答这些大问题,而是要动摇世人的思维:既包括那些有着严肃坚定的科学世界观的人,也包括那些对人类灵魂怀有宗教或者灵性主义想象的人。我们认为,目前要想回答这些问题并不容易,我们首先要对问题进行根本反思,然后才能期望人们在‘我’这个字究竟是什么意思上达成共识。因此,本书旨在刺激、扰乱和迷惑读者,让显而易见的东西变得奇异起来,也许还会让奇异的东西变得显而易见。”
出于上述动机,二位主编为本书选文27篇,包含了从科幻小说、戏剧对话到哲学论文多种文体,除两位编者的作品外,更有图灵、博尔赫斯、道金斯、内格尔等重要人物的代表作。各篇文章围绕自我感、精神是否存在及有否特性、身心关系、自由意志、自我意识和“自我”特性等经典问题分类编排,每篇结尾均附主编者的评论反思。选文、反思及二者间的隔空对话,各有精彩与妙趣,对理解相关哲学认知问题、生物问题、人工智能问题等应大有助益。
From Bacteria to Bach and Back [图书] 豆瓣
作者: Daniel C. Dennett W. W. Norton & Company 2017 - 2
One of America’s foremost philosophers offers a major new account of the origins of the conscious mind.
How did we come to have minds?
For centuries, this question has intrigued psychologists, physicists, poets, and philosophers, who have wondered how the human mind developed its unrivaled ability to create, imagine, and explain. Disciples of Darwin have long aspired to explain how consciousness, language, and culture could have appeared through natural selection, blazing promising trails that tend, however, to end in confusion and controversy. Even though our understanding of the inner workings of proteins, neurons, and DNA is deeper than ever before, the matter of how our minds came to be has largely remained a mystery.
That is now changing, says Daniel C. Dennett. In From Bacteria to Bach and Back, his most comprehensive exploration of evolutionary thinking yet, he builds on ideas from computer science and biology to show how a comprehending mind could in fact have arisen from a mindless process of natural selection. Part philosophical whodunit, part bold scientific conjecture, this landmark work enlarges themes that have sustained Dennett’s legendary career at the forefront of philosophical thought.
In his inimitable style―laced with wit and arresting thought experiments―Dennett explains that a crucial shift occurred when humans developed the ability to share memes, or ways of doing things not based in genetic instinct. Language, itself composed of memes, turbocharged this interplay. Competition among memes―a form of natural selection―produced thinking tools so well-designed that they gave us the power to design our own memes. The result, a mind that not only perceives and controls but can create and comprehend, was thus largely shaped by the process of cultural evolution.
An agenda-setting book for a new generation of philosophers, scientists, and thinkers, From Bacteria to Bach and Back will delight and entertain anyone eager to make sense of how the mind works and how it came about.
4 color, 18 black-and-white illustrations
达尔文的危险思想 [图书] 豆瓣
Darwin's Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the Meanings of Life
作者: [美]丹尼尔·丹尼特 译者: 张鹏瀚 / 赵庆源 中信出版社 2023 - 2
【内容介绍】
查尔斯·达尔文用他的《物种起源》为生命的多姿多彩提供了一种解释:是演化和自然选择造就了这个星球上缤纷的生命。但他真的如这部划时代著作的书名提示的那样,解释了物种的起源吗?
自诞生的那一天起,达尔文自然选择和演化的理论就引发过很多争议:被曲解、被滥用、被否认,并且引发过一次又一次激烈的辩论。虽然今天的多数人已经不再相信生命是神创的产物,并接受演化和自然选择才是生命多样性背后的力量,但哲学家丹尼尔·丹尼特认为,很多人,包括很多世俗的学者⸺哲学家、心理学家、物理学家,甚至生物学家⸺对演化和自然选择仍然存在误解。他们的思维中或许已经没有一个至高无上的神,但却仍然为一种变相的“创造论”和无法解释的“奇迹”留有一席之地。在《达尔文的危险思想》中,基于公认的科学事实和缜密的逻辑论证,丹尼特提出,演化是一个机械的算法过程,这种算法过程不仅决定了羚羊的速度、老鹰的翅膀和兰花的形状,也同样决定了心灵、意义、道德等一部分学者不愿意用演化和自然选择来看待和阐释的概念。丹尼特在书中没有把对演化和自然选择的论述局限于生物学领域,还将其拓展到了文化、语言、社会等生物学以外的其他领域,把对演化和自然选择的理解提升到了一个全新的高度。
本书入围普利策奖、美国国家图书奖决选名单并入选英国《泰晤士报》年度图书书单。
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【媒体、学者推荐】
丹尼尔·丹尼特是当下最优秀的哲学家,将会是下一个伯特兰·罗素……他正在改变并重新定义哲学家所扮演的角色。——马文·明斯基,“人工智能之父”
一部超凡脱俗的作品。在有创意的地方,它将读者的智识提升到了一个新的高度;在批判性的地方,它有压倒性的力量。——理查德·道金斯,《自私的基因》作者
作为一名演化生物学家,我常常被很多哲学家误解……很荣幸,阅读这本书让我遇到了一名真正理解并且认同达尔文主义的哲学家。——约翰·梅纳德·史密斯,演化生物学家、“演化博弈论之父”
这部作品对现代科学中的达尔文理论做了清晰和严格的检验,丹尼特说服我们,基于自然选择的演化对哲学的未来至关重要。——爱德华·威尔逊,生物学家、“社会生物学之父”
演化是生物学的核心思想,也是其他科学——从人类学到天体物理学——的关键……这本书令人耳目一新。——卡尔·萨根,天文学家、科学作家、《宇宙》作者
对任何有思想的人来说,这本书都必不可少,而且阅读体验非常愉悦。——斯蒂芬·平克,哈佛大学心理学教授、《人性中的善良天使》《心智探奇》作者
对达尔文和当代生物演化理论的讨论,在介绍对理解我们自己至关重要的观点方面堪称典范。——乔伊斯·卡罗尔·欧茨,美国著名文学家,美国国家图书奖、欧·亨利奖、美国国家人文奖章获得者
丹尼特把达尔文的理论比作一种"万能酸",它侵蚀了有关心灵、意义以及我们在宇宙中的位置等问题上我们最珍视的设想。最困难的问题是:一旦我们意识到这些设想不复存在了,我们应该用什么来取代它们?通过有力的论证,丹尼特指出,重要的第一步是放弃一厢情愿的设想,接受关于我们起源的真相。——《纽约时报》
在《达尔文的危险思想》中,作者丹尼特无时无刻不在展现自己的博学。——《华盛顿邮报》
丹尼特是一位严谨、机智并且具有罕见原创性的哲学家。在《达尔文的危险思想》中,他做了一件哲学家需要擅长做的事情:厘清科学中概念上的混乱。——《华尔街日报》
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【编辑推荐】
1. 达尔文真的解释了物种起源吗?当今“最具科学素养”“最具原创力”的哲学家引领读者从更高的层次理解演化,用达尔文的思想理解社会与文明。
2. 本书入围美国国家图书奖和普利策奖决选名单并入选英国《泰晤士报》年度图书书单。
3. 本书获演化生物学家、“演化博弈论之父”约翰·梅纳德·史密斯盛赞“让我遇到了一名真正理解并且认同达尔文主义的哲学家”。
4. 作者丹尼尔·丹尼特屡获欧美人文社科类大奖;被“人工智能之父”马文·明斯基盛赞为“下一个伯特兰·罗素”,“正在改变并重新定义哲学家所扮演的角色”;被高等教育网站The Best Schools评选为“50位最有影响力的在世哲学家”之一。
5. 《自私的基因》作者理查德·道金斯、“社会生物学之父”爱德华·威尔逊、《宇宙》作者卡尔·萨根、哈佛大学心理学教授斯蒂芬·平克、美国著名文学家乔伊斯·卡罗尔·欧茨,各领域的顶尖学者都对本书赞不绝口。
6. 新思文化丹尼特“心智与进化”系列共三部,前第两部《意识的解释》《自由的进化》已于近日出版。
Consciousness Explained [图书] 豆瓣
作者: Daniel C. Dennett Back Bay Books 1992 - 10
This book revises the traditional view of consciousness by claiming that Cartesianism and Descartes' dualism of mind and body should be replaced with theories from the realms of neuroscience, psychology and artificial intelligence. What people think of as the stream of consciousness is not a single, unified sequence, the author argues, but "multiple drafts" of reality composed by a computer-like "virtual machine". Dennett considers how consciousness could have evolved in human beings and confronts the classic mysteries of consciousness: the nature of introspection, the self or ego and its relation to thoughts and sensations, and the level of consciousness of non-human creatures.
Kinds Of Minds [图书] 豆瓣 Goodreads
作者: Danile C. Dennett Basic Books 1997 - 6
Combining ideas from philosophy, artificial intelligence, and neurobiology, Daniel Dennett leads the reader on a fascinating journey of inquiry, exploring such intriguing possibilities as: Can any of us really know what is going on in someone else’s mind? What distinguishes the human mind from the minds of animals, especially those capable of complex behavior? If such animals, for instance, were magically given the power of language, would their communities evolve an intelligence as subtly discriminating as ours? Will robots, once they have been endowed with sensory systems like those that provide us with experience, ever exhibit the particular traits long thought to distinguish the human mind, including the ability to think about thinking? Dennett addresses these questions from an evolutionary perspective. Beginning with the macromolecules of DNA and RNA, the author shows how, step-by-step, animal life moved from the simple ability to respond to frequently recurring environmental conditions to much more powerful ways of beating the odds, ways of using patterns of past experience to predict the future in never-before-encountered situations. Whether talking about robots whose video-camera ”eyes” give us the powerful illusion that ”there is somebody in there” or asking us to consider whether spiders are just tiny robots mindlessly spinning their webs of elegant design, Dennett is a master at finding and posing questions sure to stimulate and even disturb.
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