“tag:意识学”
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德意志意识形态 [图书] 豆瓣
9.0 (8 个评分) 作者: 马克思 恩格斯 人民出版社 2003 - 2
《德意志意识形态(节选本)》主要收入了《德意志意识形态》第一卷第一章:《费尔巴哈》。该章系统阐述了唯物主义历史观,并论述了科学社会主义的一些基本原理。
The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind [图书] 豆瓣
The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind
作者: Julian Jaynes Mariner Books 2000 - 8
At the heart of this classic, seminal book is Julian Jaynes's still-controversial thesis that human consciousness did not begin far back in animal evolution but instead is a learned process that came about only three thousand years ago and is still developing. The implications of this revolutionary scientific paradigm extend into virtually every aspect of our psychology, our history and culture, our religion -- and indeed our future.
时间的社会文化史 [图书] 豆瓣
作者: 湛晓白 社会科学文献出版社 2013 - 6
本书首次系统专门地以“时间”为主题,从社会文化史角度较为完整地勾勒了近代时间制度和时间观念变迁的整体面貌,书中内容大致可以分为三部分,一是对近代中国时间制度变革的历史探源,确定了近代中国新时间制度所包含的主要内容,透视了其在近代的流变及其整体变化趋势;二是集中于描摹近代时间社会化的多元面相,揭示其物质基础及动力机制;三则对时间观念的近代转变进行了深入的考察,其内容涵括了近代人们对日常生活时间、历史时间、哲学时间等多层次的理性认知。
当自我来敲门 [图书] 豆瓣
Self Comes to Mind: Constructing the Conscious Brain
作者: [美]安东尼奥·达马西奥 译者: 李婷燕 北京联合出版公司 2018 - 2
[内容简介]
● 继颠覆性巨著《笛卡尔的错误》之后,达马西奥通过对多年认知神经科学研究的总结,向一个困扰人类的根本谜题发起了大胆的冲击。这个谜题就是:意识从哪里来?
● 在梳理了大量临床案例和大脑神经解剖结构的线索后,达马西奥解释了在他眼中大脑如何构建心智、心智如何构建意识的原理,并着重强调了自我在构建意识大脑中的重要性。这种基于演化的研究角度,彻底转变了长久以来人们看待和描述有意识心智的方式。
● 在《当自我来敲门》中,达马西奥邀请读者和他一起踏上一场意识的冒险之旅,带领读者深入迄今为止无人到达的未知领域,层层揭开自我与意识的秘密。
[编辑推荐]
● 知名神经科学家达马西奥全新力作,让诺奖得主奈保尔爱不释手,令大提琴家马友友神魂颠倒。
● 挑战困扰人类的根本谜题,构建心智演化之路,探索意识起源之谜。
● 一场人类意识探索的盛宴,一次刷新阅读体验的脑力挑战!
● 国内外众多知名心理学家、哲学家、文学家、艺术家联袂跨界推荐:北京大学国家发展研究院经济学教授汪丁丁倾情作序!中国心理学会理事长傅小兰、南京大学心理系主任周仁来、北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室主任李武、清华大学经济管理学院教授宁向东、知名大提琴演奏家马友友、诺贝尔文学奖得主奈保尔联袂推荐!
● 达马西奥“情绪与人性”五部曲之二。
● 湛庐文化出品。
感受发生的一切 [图书] 豆瓣
作者: 安东尼奥·R.达马西奥 译者: 杨韶刚 教育科学出版社 2007 - 1
“我们是如何认识到我们已经认识到了?”“我们的意识和个人心灵是如何产生自我感的?”在这本人们殷切期待的菱中,令人尊敬的神经科学家安东尼奥·R.达马西奥将其多年对于神经病患者的研究和写作天赋奉献给了脑科学研究的最前沿领域——意识的奥秘,对意识产生的生理机制和意识对于生存的意义提出了新的理解。
在当前关于意识的观点发生剧烈分歧的时刎,达马两奥坚持认为,对我们是如何产生心理表象或者注意到这些表象进行解释,并不足以解释清楚这个奥秘。要对意识的产乍作出令人满意的假设必须要尝试对自我感是如何进入心灵的这一问题进行解释。
达马西奥认为,自我感并不依赖丁记忆或推理,甚至也不太依赖于语言。他论证说,自我感依赖丁在与客体建立联系的活动中脑对有机体进行描绘的能力。反过来,这种能力又是脑参与调节生命过程的一种结果。但在自我感产生之初,它还是另外一种装置,其目的旨在保证个体的生存。
在拜渎r达马两奥的那本罩程碑式的著作《笛卡尔的错误》一书后,乔纳斯·索尔克写道:“在观察你自己或另一个人时,对你所看到的事情背后所发生的一切,你将再也不会茫然无知。”
《感受发生的一切》带着你沿着同样的发现之路又向前迈进了一步,并且指出了“意识是如何成_为一把打开考察生命之谜的钥匙,是如何使我们的祖先获得了这种使我们成为人的体验”。
亚文化读本 [图书] 豆瓣
作者: 陶东风 / 胡疆峰 译者: 陶东风 / 胡疆峰 北京大学出版社 2011 - 3
《亚文化读本》编译了亚文化研究史上几乎所有的重要论著,囊括了亚文化研究史的三个主要阶段(芝加哥学派、伯明翰学派和后伯明翰时期)的经典篇目。既重视宏观理论,也关注个案研究;既关注西方理论,也顾及中国现象。能够为我们理解和阐释当代亚文化(特别是青年亚文化)提供——些有益的思路和借鉴。
形形色色、惊世骇俗的亚文化形成了当代审美文化中的奇观,为主流文化和主导文化带来了难以抵挡的冲击和活力,也构成了解读的困境。
Capital and Ideology [图书] 豆瓣
Capital et idéologie
作者: Thomas Piketty / [法] 托马斯·皮凯蒂 译者: Arthur Goldhammer The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press
New York Times Best Seller
The epic successor to one of the most important books of the century: at once a retelling of global history, a scathing critique of contemporary politics, and a bold proposal for a new and fairer economic system.
Thomas Piketty’s bestselling Capital in the Twenty-First Century galvanized global debate about inequality. In this audacious follow-up, Piketty challenges us to revolutionize how we think about politics, ideology, and history. He exposes the ideas that have sustained inequality for the past millennium, reveals why the shallow politics of right and left are failing us today, and outlines the structure of a fairer economic system.
Our economy, Piketty observes, is not a natural fact. Markets, profits, and capital are all historical constructs that depend on choices. Piketty explores the material and ideological interactions of conflicting social groups that have given us slavery, serfdom, colonialism, communism, and hypercapitalism, shaping the lives of billions. He concludes that the great driver of human progress over the centuries has been the struggle for equality and education and not, as often argued, the assertion of property rights or the pursuit of stability. The new era of extreme inequality that has derailed that progress since the 1980s, he shows, is partly a reaction against communism, but it is also the fruit of ignorance, intellectual specialization, and our drift toward the dead-end politics of identity.
Once we understand this, we can begin to envision a more balanced approach to economics and politics. Piketty argues for a new “participatory” socialism, a system founded on an ideology of equality, social property, education, and the sharing of knowledge and power. Capital and Ideology is destined to be one of the indispensable books of our time, a work that will not only help us understand the world, but that will change it.
崇拜与记忆 [图书] 豆瓣
作者: 陈蕴茜 南京大学出版社 2009 - 8
孙中山崇拜是中国社会从传统向近代转型的政治和文化产物,它既是中国传统文化中权威崇拜的遗存和延续,又是国民党政权在构建现代民族国家过程中刻意制作政治象征符号、藉以整合社会、巩固其威权统治的一大创制,也是国民党利用国人对孙中山的爱戴、崇敬与祭奠的社会心理,有意引导和设计成为个人崇拜的精神产物。本书进行深入解读,有助于理解孙中山符号的历史地位与作用,深化民国政治文化史研究。
认知、脑与意识 [图书] 豆瓣
作者: Bernard J. Baars / Nicole M. Gage 科学出版社 2008 - 8
一股新的研究浪潮正改变着我们对人类思维和大脑的认识。许多基础教育领域已要求学生对认知神经科学具备基本的理解。不过,目前多数教科书都是为生物学专业的学生准备的,很少考虑心理学和其他相关专业的读者。本书意在填补这一空缺。
专为心理学、医学预科、教育不及神经科学本科生和研究生而写;采用易于理解的主题式写作方式,无需神经科学或生物学背景;章节设置循序渐进,可读性强,以简单漂亮的绘图作品构建大脑,令人印象深刻;每章结尾处附有思考题和绘图练习,帮助加深理解。
Other Minds [图书] Goodreads 豆瓣
8.4 (5 个评分) 作者: Peter Godfrey-Smith Farrar, Straus and Giroux 2016 - 12
Although mammals and birds are widely regarded as the smartest creatures on earth, it has lately become clear that a very distant branch of the tree of life has also sprouted higher intelligence: the cephalopods, consisting of the squid, the cuttlefish, and above all the octopus. In captivity, octopuses have been known to identify individual human keepers, raid neighboring tanks for food, turn off lightbulbs by spouting jets of water, plug drains, and make daring escapes. How is it that a creature with such gifts evolved through an evolutionary lineage so radically distant from our own? What does it mean that evolution built minds not once but at least twice? The octopus is the closest we will come to meeting an intelligent alien. What can we learn from the encounter?

In Other Minds , Peter Godfrey-Smith, a distinguished philosopher of science and a skilled scuba diver, tells a bold new story of how subjective experience crept into being—how nature became aware of itself. As Godfrey-Smith stresses, it is a story that largely occurs in the ocean, where animals first appeared. Tracking the mind’s fitful development, Godfrey-Smith shows how unruly clumps of seaborne cells began living together and became capable of sensing, acting, and signaling. As these primitive organisms became more entangled with others, they grew more complicated. The first nervous systems evolved, probably in ancient relatives of jellyfish; later on, the cephalopods, which began as inconspicuous mollusks, abandoned their shells and rose above the ocean floor, searching for prey and acquiring the greater intelligence needed to do so. Taking an independent route, mammals and birds later began their own evolutionary journeys.

But what kind of intelligence do cephalopods possess? Drawing on the latest scientific research and his own scuba-diving adventures, Godfrey-Smith probes the many mysteries that surround the lineage. How did the octopus, a solitary creature with little social life, become so smart? What is it like to have eight tentacles that are so packed with neurons that they virtually “think for themselves”? What happens when some octopuses abandon their hermit-like ways and congregate, as they do in a unique location off the coast of Australia?

By tracing the question of inner life back to its roots and comparing human beings with our most remarkable animal relatives, Godfrey-Smith casts crucial new light on the octopus mind—and on our own.
Intuition Pumps and Other Tools for Thinking [图书] 豆瓣 Goodreads
Intuition Pumps and Other Tools for Thinking
作者: Daniel C. Dennett W. W. Norton & Company 2013 - 5
One of the world’s leading philosophers offers aspiring thinkers his personal trove of mind-stretching thought experiments.
Over a storied career, Daniel C. Dennett has engaged questions about science and the workings of the mind. His answers have combined rigorous argument with strong empirical grounding. And a lot of fun.
Intuition Pumps and Other Tools for Thinking offers seventy-seven of Dennett’s most successful "imagination-extenders and focus-holders" meant to guide you through some of life’s most treacherous subject matter: evolution, meaning, mind, and free will. With patience and wit, Dennett deftly deploys his thinking tools to gain traction on these thorny issues while offering readers insight into how and why each tool was built.
Alongside well-known favorites like Occam’s Razor and reductio ad absurdum lie thrilling descriptions of Dennett’s own creations: Trapped in the Robot Control Room, Beware of the Prime Mammal, and The Wandering Two-Bitser. Ranging across disciplines as diverse as psychology, biology, computer science, and physics, Dennett’s tools embrace in equal measure light-heartedness and accessibility as they welcome uninitiated and seasoned readers alike. As always, his goal remains to teach you how to "think reliably and even gracefully about really hard questions."
A sweeping work of intellectual seriousness that’s also studded with impish delights, Intuition Pumps offers intrepid thinkers—in all walks of life—delicious opportunities to explore their pet ideas with new powers.
贪婪的大脑 [图书] 豆瓣
How the New Science of Consciousness Explains Our Insatiable Search for Meaning
7.6 (5 个评分) 作者: 【英】丹尼尔·博尔 译者: 林旭文 机械工业出版社 2013 - 10
我们欣赏梵高的《星空》,陶醉于贝多芬的《命运交响曲》,面对白雪覆盖的山峰,敬畏之情油然而生,所有这些体验都离不开意识。然而,意识具有主观性,属于个人经验,很难准确把握。长久以来,哲学家们都声称,意识太神秘了,科学无法洞悉意识。
神经科学家丹尼尔•博尔在《贪婪的大脑:为何人类会无止境地寻求意义》一书中提出了一种新的意识运作模式,他的观点与传统的哲学观点完全不同。博尔认为,意识是大脑的产物,随着知识积累,意识也在发展。意识实际上是一个思想工厂,是经过精心选择的、致力于创新的精神空间。意识的主要任务是发现深层结构。
博尔的意识运作模式解释了我们的大脑为何会贪婪地探寻信息,尤其是那些具有模式的信息。比如,当生理需求得到满足后,我们会玩填字游戏和数独游戏。从生物学角度看,玩这些游戏只是在浪费时间;但在博尔看来,这种探寻结构的行为有重大的进化意义。正是这种对结构模式的探寻,引导人类发现了火,学会耕种。
本书将认知与创造力相联系,为解开意识这一科学谜团提供了一种独特的见解。
近代中国的乡土意识 [图书] 豆瓣
近代中国の郷土意識——清末民初江南の在地指導層と地域社会
作者: 佐藤仁史 北京师范大学出版社 2017 - 8
王汎森——近几十年来,我们对晚清民初的思想、政治、社会、经济等方面的研究,已经到了汗牛充栋的地步。但是我们很少从在地的眼光出发,讨论地方上的变化,甚至由“下”而“上”去厘清国家的变化。即使有,也都是从动乱时代的材料与状态着手,对于非动乱时代的状态了解不多。而佐藤仁史最近 谈近代中国乡土意识的书,便是由“下”而“上”出发所做的研究中的一部好书,充分吸收中、日史学界对地方社会的研究成果,他深入“地方性史料”,大量运用地方刊物、报纸、杂志,而且尽力掌握其复杂的互动关系,分析新旧政见与各种势力,这些势力既是思想意趣的,又是现实利益的,它们层层套叠又循环取利,构成了一幅色块斑斓的印象派油画。
A Brief History of Neoliberalism [图书] 豆瓣
8.5 (11 个评分) 作者: David Harvey Oxford University Press, USA 2005 - 9
Neoliberalism--the doctrine that market exchange is an ethic in itself, capable of acting as a guide for all human action--has become dominant in both thought and practice throughout much of the world since 1970 or so. Writing for a wide audience, David Harvey, author of The New Imperialism
and The Condition of Postmodernity, here tells the political-economic story of where neoliberalization came from and how it proliferated on the world stage. Through critical engagement with this history, he constructs a framework, not only for analyzing the political and economic dangers that now
surround us, but also for assessing the prospects for the more socially just alternatives being advocated by many oppositional movements.
惊人的假说 [图书] 豆瓣
The Astonishing Hypothesis : The Scientific Search for the Soul
6.9 (7 个评分) 作者: (英)弗朗西斯·克里克 译者: 汪云九 湖南科学技术出版社 2004 - 1
40年前弗朗西斯·克里克与詹姆斯·沃森一道,发现DNA结构,改变了我们对生命本质的理解,从面名垂青史。现在,克里克又一次站在科学的前沿,把他的注意力转到对人类意识奥秘的探索上来。克里克决定要揭示脑的复杂性,他选择了视觉的神经生物学研究作为突破口。他对大脑究竟怎样“看”东西作出的科学分析,内容翔实,妙语横生,令人信服。他还大胆探索人类存在的一些最基本问题:我们有自由意志吗?什么使我们成为区别于其他动物且具有感知能力的生物?灵魂真的存在吗?抑或我们只不过是一堆神经元的复杂集合吗?在这本具有开拓性和争议的著作中,弗朗西斯·克里克向近代科学、哲学和宗教思想的根本基础提出挑战。
意识的宇宙 [图书] 豆瓣
A Universe of Consciousness : How Matter Becomes Imagination
作者: [美] 杰拉尔德·埃德尔曼 / [美] 朱利欧·托诺尼 译者: 顾凡及 上海科学技术出版社 2004 - 1
本书对意识理论进行全面研究,建立在近代神经科学基础上、致力于对意识的产生、及人们对意识的认识如何帮助其“把严格的科学描述与人类知识和经验的宽广领域联系起来”等问题进行解答。
图绘意识形态 [图书] 豆瓣
作者: [斯洛文尼亚] 斯拉沃热·齐泽克 译者: 方杰 南京大学出版社 2002 - 6
本书作者来自斯洛文尼亚的斯拉沃热·齐泽克被誉为闯人西方学术界的一匹“黑马”。本书正是由他选取包括他自己在内的十四位西方学者有关意识形态的论述,经过节选编排而成。正如书的标题所表明的那样,齐泽克旨在通过这种努力,绘制出一幅自阿多尔诺以来西方马克思主义关于意识形态的图画。除“引言”部分是新写的以外,本书其余所选文字都是原来发表过且可以独立成章的,但选编者显然希望读者将它们放在一起阅读,别出心裁地将它们以“章”的形式编排,实质形成一个有机的整体。
来自斯洛文尼亚的斯拉沃热·齐泽克被誉为闯入西方学术界的一匹“黑马”。《图绘意识形态》是由他选取包括他自己在内的十四位西方学者有关意识形态的论述,经过节选编排而成。正如书的标题所表明的那样,齐泽克旨在通过这种努力,绘制出一幅自阿多尔诺以来西方马克思主义关于意识形态的图画。除“引言”部分是新写的以外,本书其余所选文字都是原来发表过且可以独立成章的,但选编者显然希望读者将它们放在一起阅读,别出心裁地将它们以“章”的形式编排,实质形成一个有机的整体。齐泽克将他的成名作《意识形态的崇高客体》的第一章作为本书的最后一章,这是不是试图再一次强调他从拉康那里借来的“真理来自误认”的命题呢?相信读者在读完全书之后,自然会得出对这个问题的回答。
From Bacteria to Bach and Back [图书] 豆瓣
作者: Daniel C. Dennett W. W. Norton & Company 2017 - 2
One of America’s foremost philosophers offers a major new account of the origins of the conscious mind.
How did we come to have minds?
For centuries, this question has intrigued psychologists, physicists, poets, and philosophers, who have wondered how the human mind developed its unrivaled ability to create, imagine, and explain. Disciples of Darwin have long aspired to explain how consciousness, language, and culture could have appeared through natural selection, blazing promising trails that tend, however, to end in confusion and controversy. Even though our understanding of the inner workings of proteins, neurons, and DNA is deeper than ever before, the matter of how our minds came to be has largely remained a mystery.
That is now changing, says Daniel C. Dennett. In From Bacteria to Bach and Back, his most comprehensive exploration of evolutionary thinking yet, he builds on ideas from computer science and biology to show how a comprehending mind could in fact have arisen from a mindless process of natural selection. Part philosophical whodunit, part bold scientific conjecture, this landmark work enlarges themes that have sustained Dennett’s legendary career at the forefront of philosophical thought.
In his inimitable style―laced with wit and arresting thought experiments―Dennett explains that a crucial shift occurred when humans developed the ability to share memes, or ways of doing things not based in genetic instinct. Language, itself composed of memes, turbocharged this interplay. Competition among memes―a form of natural selection―produced thinking tools so well-designed that they gave us the power to design our own memes. The result, a mind that not only perceives and controls but can create and comprehend, was thus largely shaped by the process of cultural evolution.
An agenda-setting book for a new generation of philosophers, scientists, and thinkers, From Bacteria to Bach and Back will delight and entertain anyone eager to make sense of how the mind works and how it came about.
4 color, 18 black-and-white illustrations
意识的限度 [图书] 豆瓣
作者: 恩斯特.波佩尔(Ernst Poppel) 译者: 李百涵 / 韩 力 北京大学出版社 2000 - 1
恩斯特.波佩尔(Ernst Poppel),哲学博士、教授,于1940年生于波莫瑞(今属波兰)的施韦森城。他曾在弗莱堡学习文学、历史和哲学,随后在联邦德国海军服役两年。1962年至1968年,他先后在因斯布鲁克、弗莱堡和慕尼黑学习心理学和动物学,并于1968年获得心理学博士学位。
1974年,他在慕尼黑大学医学院获得感觉生理学教授资格,1976年,在因斯布鲁克大学理学院获心理学教授资
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