复杂系统
非线性动力学与混沌(翻译版原书第2版)/世界名校名家基础教育系列 豆瓣
Nonlinear dynamics and chaos: with applications to physics, biology, chemistry, and engineering
作者: [美] Steven H. Strogatz 译者: 孙梅 / 汪小帆 出版社: 机械工业出版社 2016 - 10
本书主要面向非线性动力学与混沌领域的初学者,特别是首次选择该课程的学生。本书非常系统地给出了相关理论,从一阶微分方程及其分岔开始,其次是相平面分析、极限环以及它们的分岔,后以Lorenz方程、混沌、迭代映射、倍周期分岔、重整化、分形和奇怪吸引子作为结尾。本书的一个特色是突出了应用。主要包括机械振动、激光、生物节律、超导电路、昆虫爆发、化学振荡器、基因控制系统、混沌水车,乃至利用混沌加密信息的技术。所有情形都给出了基本的科学背景,并与数学理论紧密结合。在本书首次出版以来的20年里,非线性动力学的思想与方法已被应用到很多激动人心的新领域,如系统生物学、演化博弈论和社会物理学。本书的第2版给出了很多关于前沿进展的新练习题,例如关于视觉中的双目竞争与名著《乱世佳人》中纷乱的爱情动力学。本书可作为数学、力学、物理、化学、生物、控制科学、机械等工程专业高年级本科生或研究生教材。
复杂性思考 豆瓣
Think Complexity
作者: [美] 艾伦·B.唐尼 译者: 郭涛 / 朱梦瑶 出版社: 机械工业出版社 2020 - 2
本书是美国奥林工程学院Allen B. Downey教授以20世纪80年代兴起的复杂性科学这一领域的前沿研究成果为载体,在近十几年教学科研过程中积累而成的本书。本书内容主要分三部分:壹部分主要对复杂性科学概念、范式和科学模式,以及复杂工程和复杂性思维等方面进行了介绍;二部分主要从图论、小世界图、无标度网络、元胞自动机等方面对其经典算法及其实现进行了介绍;三部分主要从物理建模、自组织临界性、智能体模型、兽算法、进化和合作进化等方面进行了介绍和实现。通过阅读本书,你将更加深入地理解图、算法分析、无尺度网络与细胞自动机,使用Python这种强大的语言所提供的特性。作为Python编程与算法的理想教材,本书还有助于自学者掌握关于他们可能未曾谋面的主题与想法的宝贵经验。
Critical Phenomena in Natural Sciences 豆瓣
作者: Didier Sornette 出版社: Springer 2006 - 3
Concepts, methods and techniques of statistical physics in the study of correlated, as well as uncorrelated, phenomena are being applied ever increasingly in the natural sciences, biology and economics in an attempt to understand and model the large variability and risks of phenomena. This is the first textbook written by a well-known expert that provides a modern up-to-date introduction for workers outside statistical physics.
Introduction to the Theory of Complex Systems 豆瓣 Goodreads
作者: Stefan Thurner / Rudolf Hanel 出版社: Oxford University Press 2018 - 12
This book is a comprehensive introduction to quantitative approaches to complex adaptive systems. Practically all areas of life on this planet are constantly confronted with complex systems, be it ecosystems, societies, traffic, financial markets, opinion formation and spreading, or the internet and social media. Complex systems are systems composed of many elements that interact strongly with each other, which makes them extremely rich dynamical systems showing a huge range of phenomena. Properties of complex systems that are of particular importance are their efficiency, robustness, resilience, and proneness to collapse.
The quantitative tools and concepts needed to understand the co-evolutionary nature of networked systems and their properties are challenging. The book gives a self-contained introduction to these concepts, so that the reader will be equipped with a toolset that allows them to engage in the science of complex systems. Topics covered include random processes of path-dependent processes, co-evolutionary dynamics, dynamics of networks, the theory of scaling, and approaches from statistical mechanics and information theory. The book extends beyond the early classical literature in the field of complex systems and summarizes the methodological progress made over the past 20 years in a clear, structured, and comprehensive way.
超循环论(The Hypercycle) 豆瓣
作者: Manfred Eigen 译者: 曾国屏 / 沈小峰 出版社: 上海译文出版社 1990
超循环论是研究一个自然界中简单系统演化成复杂系统的自组织原理。所研究的不是宏观个体的物种进化规律,而是分子水平上微观整体——“拟种”的进化规律。根据超循环理论,作为“拟种”的一个自复制单元(即一个催化剂)不仅能催化生成一个类似的循环,这些循环还会耦合成一个更大的循环,这更大的循环又能进一步成为新的更大循环的单元而催生出更高层次的循环。超循环即指二级或二级以上的催化循环系统。如此类推,理论上可生成无穷层次自相嵌套的循环生长系统。
Learning Chaos Engineering 豆瓣
作者: Russ Miles 出版社: O'Reilly Media 2019 - 8
Learn why, when, and how to create real-world, practical chaos engineering experiments through Game Days and automation. With this practical book, software developers and system administrators will learn how to become chaos engineers. You'll learn ways to approach and adopt the discipline, how to prepare for and conduct successful chaos experiments manually, and how to work towards Continuous Chaos through automation.
On the surface, Chaos Engineering can look like a deceptively simple set of practices, but the devil is in the details. This book helps you adopt the mindset of Chaos Engineering, successfully plan and learn from Game Days, and finally learn the tools for automation and collaboration necessary to scale out and mature your own organization’s Chaos Engineering capability.
计量经济分析 豆瓣
作者: 威廉·H·格林(William H.Greene) 出版社: 中国人民大学出版社 2011 - 6
《计量经济分析(第6版)(套装上下册)》(作者威廉·H·格林)是计量经济领域“圣经”般的教材。它对计量经济学领域的知识做了全面概述及整合,并且能保持及时的更新,因而无论对社会学、医学、环境经济学还是政治学、经济学等领域,都能提供独特的研究视角和方法。 《计量经济分析(第6版)(套装上下册)》可作为社会科学领域本科高年级或研究生学习计量经济学的教材。它有两个目标:一是将学生引入应用计量经济学的殿堂,涵盖回归分析的基本方法,以及在发现线性模型不充分或不适当时所使用的各种模型;二是向读者充分介绍理论背景,并让读者认识到,这里所学习的一些新模型,就是我们所熟悉的某些模型在同一原理下的自然引申。
网络科学导论 豆瓣
作者: 汪小帆 / 李 翔 出版社: 高等教育出版社 2012 - 4
对各种复杂网络的定量与定性特征的科学理解已成为网络时代科学研究中一个极其重要的挑战性课题,网络科学就是一门正在兴起的面对这一挑战的交叉性学科。本书致力于系统地介绍网络科学的基本概念、思想和方法,使得具有高等数学基础的读者都能够看懂,并具备把网络科学方法用于实际网络分析的能力。为此,本书没有过多地陷入数学和物理推导,而是更为关注网络科学的思维习惯和研究方式。本书在概要介绍了网络科学的背景和研究意义之后,分为四个部分详细介绍了网络基本概念、网络拓扑性质、网络拓扑模型和网络动力学。
本书适合作为研究生和高年级本科生的网络科学教材,也可供自然科学、工程技术科学和社会科学领域的研究人员与学生参考。
Scale-Free Networks 豆瓣
作者: Guido Caldarelli 出版社: Oxford University Press, USA (May 25, 2007) 2007
A variety of different social, natural and technological systems can be described by the same mathematical framework. This holds from the Internet to food webs and to boards of company directors. In all these situations a graph of the elements of the system and their interconnections displays a universal feature. There are only few elements with many connections, and many elements with few connections. This book presents the experimental evidence of these "Scale-free networks" and provides students and researchers with a corpus of theoretical results and algorithms to analyse and understand these features. The content of this book and the exposition makes it a clear textbook for beginners, and a reference book for the experts.
How Nature Works 豆瓣
作者: Per Bak 出版社: Copernicus 1996 - 6
This is a science book, intended for the general reader who is interested in science. The author is a physicist who is well-known for his development of the property called "self-organized Criticality", a property or phenomenon that lies at the heart of large dynamical systems. It can be used to analyse systems that are complicated, and which are part of the new science of complexity. It is a unifying concept that can be used to study phenomena in fields as diverse as economics, astronomy, the earth sciences, and physics. The author discusses his discovery of self-organized criticality; its relation to the world of classical physics; computer simulations and experiments which aid scientist's understanding of the property; and the relation of the subject to popular areas such as fractal geometry and power laws; cellular automata, and a wide range of practical applications. The book is readable without a science background--below the level of Scientific American.
The Computational Beauty of Nature 豆瓣
作者: Gary William Flake 出版社: The MIT Press 2000 - 1
"Simulation," writes Gary Flake in his preface, "becomes a form of experimentation in a universe of theories. The primary purpose of this book is to celebrate this fact."In this book, Gary William Flake develops in depth the simple idea that recurrent rules can produce rich and complicated behaviors. Distinguishing "agents" (e.g., molecules, cells, animals, and species) from their interactions (e.g., chemical reactions, immune system responses, sexual reproduction, and evolution), Flake argues that it is the computational properties of interactions that account for much of what we think of as "beautiful" and "interesting." From this basic thesis, Flake explores what he considers to be today's four most interesting computational topics: fractals, chaos, complex systems, and adaptation.Each of the book's parts can be read independently, enabling even the casual reader to understand and work with the basic equations and programs. Yet the parts are bound together by the theme of the computer as a laboratory and a metaphor for understanding the universe. The inspired reader will experiment further with the ideas presented to create fractal landscapes, chaotic systems, artificial life forms, genetic algorithms, and artificial neural networks.
The Origins of Order: Self-Organization and Selection in Evolution Goodreads 豆瓣
作者: Stuart A. Kauffman 出版社: Oxford University Press, U.S.A. 1993 - 6 其它标题: The Origins of Order
Stuart Kauffman here presents a brilliant new paradigm for evolutionary biology, one that extends the basic concepts of Darwinian evolution to accommodate recent findings and perspectives from the fields of biology, physics, chemistry and mathematics. The book drives to the heart of the exciting debate on the origins of life and maintenance of order in complex biological systems. It focuses on the concept of the spontaneous emergence of order that is widely observed throughout nature Kauffman argues that self-organization plays an important role in the Darwinian process of natural selection. Yet until now no systematic effort has been made to incorporate the concept of self-organization into evolutionary theory. The construction requirements which permit complex systems to adapt are poorly understood, as is the extent to which selection itself can yield systems able to adapt more successfully. This book explores these themes. It shows how complex systems,
contrary to expectations, can spontaneously exhibit stunning degrees of order, and how this order, in turn, is essential for understanding the emergence and development of life on Earth. Topics include the new biotechnology of applied molecular evolution, with its important implications for developing new drugs and vaccines; the balance between order and chaos observed in many naturally occurring systems; new insights concerning the predictive power of statistical mechanics in biology; and other major issues. Indeed, the approaches investigated here may prove to be the new center around which biological science itself will evolve. The work is written for all those interested in the cutting edge of research in the life sciences.
Systems Thinking For Social Change 豆瓣
作者: David Peter Stroh 出版社: Chelsea Green Publishing 2015 - 10
Donors, leaders of nonprofits, and public policy makers usually have the best of intentions to serve society and improve social conditions. But often their solutions fall far short of what they want to accomplish and what is truly needed. Moreover, the answers they propose and fund often produce the opposite of what they want over time. We end up with temporary shelters that increase homelessness, drug busts that increase drug-related crime, or food aid that increases starvation.
How do these unintended consequences come about and how can we avoid them? By applying conventional thinking to complex social problems, we often perpetuate the very problems we try so hard to solve, but it is possible to think differently, and get different results.
Systems Thinking for Social Change enables readers to contribute more effectively to society by helping them understand what systems thinking is and why it is so important in their work. It also gives concrete guidance on how to incorporate systems thinking in problem solving, decision making, and strategic planning without becoming a technical expert.
Systems thinking leader David Stroh walks readers through techniques he has used to help people improve their efforts to end homelessness, improve public health, strengthen education, design a system for early childhood development, protect child welfare, develop rural economies, facilitate the reentry of formerly incarcerated people into society, resolve identity-based conflicts, and more.
The result is a highly readable, effective guide to understanding systems and using that knowledge to get the results you want.
Review
“I don't know of another book in this field that presents the ideas of systems thinking in such a clear and practical way, with so many real-world examples."--Janice Molloy, managing editor, Reflections: The SoL NorthAmerica Journal on Knowledge, Learning, and Change
Publishers Weekly-
"This dense volume will be of genuine use to many in the nonprofit world ... Stroh has a valuable insight to impart: Becoming a more effective systems thinker is not just an analytical task 'but also an emotional, physical, and ultimately spiritual one.' For those dedicated enough to stay with Stroh's message, this book will be a useful beginning.”
“Stroh has offered an important gem in his new book, Systems Thinking for Social Change. Both illuminating and immediately useful, the book shares the key dynamics and success factors gleaned from his long career of working with organizations struggling with society’s most persistent issues. A must read for anyone whose aim is to make a difference on the ground.”--Kristina Wile, co-president, Leverage Networks, and managing partner, Systems Thinking Collaborative
“If there is only one book you read on systems thinking, it should be Systems Thinking for Social Change. If you’re new to systems thinking, I consider this a must read. If you’ve been involved in systems thinking for some time and want a renewed and extended perspective, I highly recommend it. Stroh’s new work covers all the relevant areas appropriate for a solid introduction to systems thinking, though it doesn’t stop there. It makes a serious contribution by detailing a number of real-world situations that have been investigated and improved using the approach presented in the book. And it does very well something that I’ve not seen done before: it not only shows how to map the current system, but also shows how to then create a revised map of how the system is intended to work in the future. This approach ends up identifying where measurements should be made on an ongoing basis to ascertain whether the system is undergoing the intended transformation.”--Gene Bellinger, director, Systems Thinking World, Inc.
“The philanthropic sector has shifted from a ‘charity’ mindset to a focus on changing systems to create sustainable change. Systems Thinking for Social Change offers practical tools for those serious about improving communities and organizations. It doesn’t minimize the complexity, but rather empowers social-change agents with tools to understand the complexity and identify the leverage points.”--Teresa Behrens, director, Institute for Foundation and Donor Learning
“Over fifteen years ago, David Stroh was instrumental in introducing systems thinking to the peace-building field, using tools that have proven to be powerful for improving the effectiveness of our work. This book is a valuable resource for our field ― a must read for all practitioners who have been seeking practical and easy-to-understand guidance on using systems thinking for conflict analysis and strategic planning for better impacts.”--Diana Chigas, professor of practice, Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University, and co-director of collaborative learning, CDA Collaborative Learning Projects
“This is a must read for public leaders and citizens who are interested in the learning disciplines required for a sustainable, proactive approach to preserving our shared resources.”--Georgianna Bishop, president, The Public Sector Consortium
“For those who have worked for many years in the social-service sector, and who have grown cynical or disillusioned as to whether it is even possible to effect major social change, David Peter Stroh’s book, Systems Thinking for Social Change, is a must read―a clear, thoughtful, and practical guide for those desiring to create lasting social change. But reader beware! Systems thinking is more than a new way of thinking. As Stroh puts it, it is a new way of being. It requires the ability to look at things in a new way, to interact with others differently, to have a clear vision of where you want to go, a willingness to see things the way they are and, finally, the courage to take responsibility for why the system as is isn’t working. If you want to help create long-lasting, effective social change, if you want to say ‘we’re doing it―we’re actually making progress,’ then read this book.”--Anne Miskey, executive director, Funders Together to End Homelessness
“David Stroh, in his invaluable new book, shows that good intentions are not enough for those who aspire to make lasting progress on fundamental social issues―and also how the language and tools of systems theory can provide a deeper understanding of the root causes and help identify the leverage points for productive and sustainable change.”--Russell Eisenstat, executive director, Center for Higher Ambition Leadership
“Societal problems are a swirl of causes, effects, interactions, and contributing relationships. Yet, too often, simplistic answers are applied by the well-intended that only touch on one strand of what is (in reality) a complex and interconnected web. Stroh’s work provides an actionable guide on how to model these relationships―and more importantly how to have a meaningful and lasting impact on them.”--Jason E. Glass, superintendent and chief learner, Eagle County Schools
系统架构 豆瓣
System Architecture: Strategy and Product Development for Complex Systems
作者: 爱德华·克劳利(Edward Crawley) / 布鲁斯·卡梅隆(Bruce Cameron) 译者: 爱飞翔 出版社: 机械工业出版社 2017 - 1
本书由系统架构领域3位领军人物亲笔撰写,该领域资深专家Norman R. Augustine作序推荐,Amazon全五星评价。
全书共分四部分。
第一部分(第1~3章)的重点是引出系统架构。第1章通过一些范例来展示架构理念,指出良好的架构,并给出本书的概要;第2章列出进行系统分析必备的思路;第3章给出分析系统架构所用的思维模式。
第二部分(第4~8章)着重对架构进行分析。第4章讨论系统的形式;第5章讨论系统的功能;第6章讲解形式与功能之间的映射,并以此给出系统架构的定义;第7章研究如何从独立于解决方案的功能陈述中衍生出系统;第8章演示怎样把这些概念汇聚成一套架构。
第三部分(第9~13章)讲解如何为复杂的系统定义架构。第9章从任务和可交付成果这两方面来概述架构师的职责;第10章探讨如何把组织机构方面的接口当成在架构中减少歧义的契机;第11章讲述如何用系统化的方式来捕获利益相关者的需求,并把它们转换成系统目标;第12章提出一些能够帮助架构师更有创意地构思并选择概念的手段;第13章讲述在开发系统时管理复杂度的一些办法。
第四部分(第14~16章)探寻帮助架构师做决策的各种计算方法及工具所具备的潜力。第14章把系统架构的过程当成一种决策制定的过程来进行讲解;第15章讲解如何对架构权衡空间中的信息进行综合;第16章演示怎样把架构决策编码成一套模型,使计算机可以根据该模型自动生成权衡空间并对其进行探索。
The Difference 豆瓣
作者: Scott E. Page 出版社: Princeton University Press 2008 - 8
In this landmark book, Scott Page redefines the way we understand ourselves in relation to one another. "The Difference" is about how we think in groups - and how our collective wisdom exceeds the sum of its parts. Why can teams of people find better solutions than brilliant individuals working alone? And why are the best group decisions and predictions those that draw upon the very qualities that make each of us unique? The answers lie in diversity - not what we look like outside, but what we look like within, our distinct tools and abilities. "The Difference" reveals that progress and innovation may depend less on lone thinkers with enormous IQs than on diverse people working together and capitalizing on their individuality.Page shows how groups that display a range of perspectives outperform groups of like-minded experts. Diversity yields superior outcomes, and Page proves it using his own cutting-edge research. Moving beyond the politics that cloud standard debates about diversity, he explains why difference beats out homogeneity, whether you're talking about citizens in a democracy or scientists in the laboratory. He examines practical ways to apply diversity's logic to a host of problems, and along the way offers fascinating and surprising examples, from the redesign of the Chicago "El" to the truth about where we store our ketchup. Page changes the way we understand diversity - how to harness its untapped potential, how to understand and avoid its traps, and how we can leverage our differences for the benefit of all.
失效的科学 豆瓣
作者: 马克•布查纳 译者: 李文君 / 李高进 出版社: 北京联合出版公司 2017 - 4
森林大火的蔓延、物种的灭绝、地震的分布、金融市场的起落、战争的爆发,这些事物看似毫无关联,却遵循着同一条简单法则。无论哪个领域,都仿佛一个陡峭的处于动荡边缘的沙堆,只要再来一颗沙粒,就会全面崩塌。究竟哪一颗是致命的沙粒?
几乎令人绝望的是,百年来不停追寻各类灾难源头的科学家、哲学家和历史学家,他们弄错了方向。历史看似有既定的发展模式,未来却不可预测,人们永远无法找到这颗沙粒。世界正处于悬崖之边,只需轻轻一推,灾难就会不期而至,科学仿佛束手无策。
这一结论源自理论物理的研究结果。马克•布查纳将一一介绍这些研究者们特立独行的研究故事,及其出人意料的观点。
读过之后,你就不难理解,为什么大到地震预测,小至天气预报,一切对自然的预测往往只能是后知后觉;为什么有号称完美保护机制的金融市场仍会深陷股灾泥沼。明白这些,你将以更宽容的眼光看待世界。
来吧,让我们一起探寻“科学背后的科学”。
数字创世纪 豆瓣
李建会 张江
作者: 李建会 / 张江 出版社: 科学分社 2006 - 1
《数字创世纪:人工生命的新科学》对计算机和生物学交叉的前沿科学——人工生命进行了较详细地描述,从人工生命的起源、研究方法、形式、主张等不同方面进行描述,是国内外第一本系统地、全面地阐述人工生命的生命观的著作。系统论述了人工生命思想的产生和发展过程,其中20世纪中后期到现在的发展是《数字创世纪:人工生命的新科学》首次论述的。《数字创世纪:人工生命的新科学》写作规范,各部分之间逻辑联系紧密。虽然《》涉及的科学内容艰深,但由于作者观点明确,深入浅出,论证清晰,因此,《数字创世纪:人工生命的新科学》可读性强,有一定基础的研究者就可以理解。
Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata 豆瓣
作者: John von Neumann / Edit by Arthur Burk 出版社: UMl Reprint University Illinois 1966 Ed 2002
该书是一本von Neumann关于“自复制自动机”的研究论文集,由von Neumann在密西根大学的助手Arthur Burk(大名鼎鼎的John Holland的博士导师)整理编辑。
这本书的意义不仅仅在于它实际上开创了“人工生命”、“细胞自动机”等多门复杂性研究的分支。更重要的是,该书将“自我复制”作为生命的一个本质特征加以数学建模的研究。而这套理论和可计算性理论、歌德尔定理以及热力学深深地联系到了一起。这一点也许对于我们研究复杂系统的人来说仍具有重要的意义。