奥地利学派
米塞斯大传 豆瓣
Mises: The Last Knight of Liberalism
作者: [德]约尔格·吉多·许尔斯曼 译者: 黄华侨 / 出版社: 上海社会科学院出版社 2016 - 8
米塞斯(Ludwig von Mises,1881-1973),20世纪重要的经济学家、思想家,亚当·斯密之后对市场经济理论贡献最大的人。他的思想不合潮流,却是矫正时代前进方向的指南。
《米塞斯大传》详细描述了米塞斯漫长坎坷的一生,揭示出他的思想发展轨迹,以及与时代的碰撞。同时本书叙述了以米塞斯为中心的奥地利经济学派的发展历程、欧洲和美国的经济思想史,也生动呈现了米塞斯所经历的时代的风云变幻。可以从中窥见那个时代最显耀的人物——门格尔、庞巴维克、维塞尔、熊彼特、罗宾斯、哈耶克、凯恩斯等杰出人物之间的思想交锋和充满戏剧性的人际交往。
伟大的生命成就精彩的传记。本书学术性与可读性俱佳,是目前最详实,最受好评的米塞斯传记。
Capitalism 豆瓣
作者: George Reisman 出版社: TJS Books 1996 - 11
瑞斯曼(George Reisman)的巨著《资本主义》(Capitalism,1998年出版)指出,政府诱导货币及信用扩张的情形,好几世纪之前便已存在。瑞斯曼在书中指出,好几个世纪以来,“政府……本着扩张银行信用……能够创造真正的资本财富,进而创造繁荣的理念行事……生意人因为想要获得低利率,也就是他们所谓的‘容易钱’,因此会敦促政府这么做;当政府这么做时,企业界便报以热烈的掌声,但这么做带来的后果并非繁荣,而是景气起伏循环。”
因应景气循环的激进措施,绝对令一般读者目瞪口呆,在专业的经济学家中也一样不受欢迎。瑞斯曼的主张是采取百分之百的金本位或银本位制,也就是说,中央银行发行的所有钞票及存单,都必须存放百分之百等值黄金或白银。瑞斯曼解释,通过政府完全不加以干预的自由金融政策,这项制度将可长可久。
是的,传统的经济学理论认为中央银行之所以成立,是因为没有加以管制的自由银行体系会导致不稳定;但这样的银行体系从来不被允许存在过。
这里要理解的问题是,为什么真正自由的银行体系可以行得通?瑞斯曼的观察是,人为的信用扩张仍是合法且有可能的,但“它所有希望达到的目的都不会实现。”有关此看法以及其他相关的论点,主要是在《金钱与花钱》及《黄金 vs 通膨》两章里进行探讨,这两章几乎已经是正常情况下一本书的长度。
这本书被称为是经济学著作中的《战争与和平》,任何对经济学可能会遇到的问题,你都可以在这本书里找到答案。
米塞斯回忆录 豆瓣
Memoirs
作者: [奥地利] 路德维希·冯·米塞斯 译者: 黄华侨 出版社: 上海社会科学院出版社 2015 - 9
和路德维希·冯·米塞斯的遭遇比起来,很多自诩“热爱自由之人”的经历微不足道。米塞斯流离失所,目睹国家杯纳粹占领,自己的书被焚毁,论文被窃,最后被赶出待了六年的避难所。
1940年,米塞斯移居美国。在旅途中,他开始撰写这本回忆录。此书不仅深入记述了米塞斯前三分之二的人生经 历,也成为热爱自由之人在专制暴政时期的道德和精神指引。他用奥地利官员经济顾问的视角描述了自己的时代。他反对国家主义和通货膨胀,试图阻拦欧洲的干预政策。他论及教学和研讨会、腐败的政客和中央银行家,直至遍布学术界和公共领域的集权霸道。在奥地利即将追随德国陷入通胀深渊之际,他力挽狂澜,拯救国家于水火。
愤怒是此书的灵感之源。米塞斯是执着于真理的伟大思想家,他从未放弃在观念领域战斗。对他来说,敌人就是坏的思想;而令他遗憾的,并非过于好斗,而是过于妥协。
2018年8月2日 已读
米塞斯学养深厚,视野宽广。不过由于这只是一本小册子,并不能使人深入了解其经济学理论内容,所以也不能得到思想上的启发或冲突。可以看出米塞斯由于坚持不妥协而荷戟独彷徨。
【经济学】 传记 回忆录 奥地利 奥地利学派
货币、方法与市场过程 豆瓣
Money, Method, and the Market Process
8.8 (5 个评分) 作者: [奥地利] 路德维希·冯·米塞斯 译者: 戴忠玉 / 刘亚平 出版社: 新星出版社 2007 - 8
《货币、方法与市场过程》是米塞斯逝世后由他的夫人编辑的一本书,收录了米塞斯的多篇重要论文,其权威性和学术价值得到了国际经济学界的公认。
本书概括地反应了米塞斯最重要的思想观念,是了解米塞斯思想的最好门径,系首次译为中文。
本书被www.intellectualconservative.com网站列为最重要的25本保守主义哲学与观念著作之一。
The Quotable Mises 豆瓣
作者: Mark Thornton 出版社: Ludwig von Mises Institute 2005 - 9
The Quotable Mises, edited by Mark Thornton and published by the Mises Institute, is 300-plus pages of some of the most thrilling words on politics and economics ever written.
In some ways, it is the perfect introduction to Mises's thought, something that immediately grabs one's attention and gives a fast and accessible presentation of the range of his ideas.
The content is Mises in a brand-new way, in a way that you have never encountered him before. Each page exudes energy and wisdom. After we sent it to Bettina-Bien Greaves, she wrote us to say: "A thrilling project, a thorough job, and a marvelous result. The Quotable Mises performs a great service."
Just consider these quotations from Mises that are included:
The issue is always the same: the government or the market. There is no third solution.
If history could teach us anything, it would be that private property is inextricably linked with civilization.
What distinguishes civilized man from a barbarian must be acquired by every individual anew.
Go into the home of the average American family and you will see for whom the wheels of the machines are turning.
Those who are asking for more government interference are asking ultimately for more compulsion and less freedom.
Governments become liberal only when forced to by the citizens.
Both force and money are impotent against ideas.
The comparatively greater prosperity of the United States is an outcome of the fact that the New Deal did not come in 1900 or 1910, but only in 1933.
The worst and most dangerous form of absolutist rule is that of an intolerant majority.
War prosperity is like the prosperity that an earthquake or a plague brings. The earthquake means good business for construction workers, and cholera improves the business of physicians, pharmacists, and undertakers; but no one has for that reason yet sought to celebrate earthquakes and cholera as stimulators of the productive forces in the general interest.
Economics deals with real man, weak and subject to error as he is, not with ideal beings omniscient and perfect as only gods could be.
The biggest struggle in putting the book together was not in finding enough quotes but in limiting the number. The editor tried to provide a representative list of topics and subjects that Mises is most famous for such as socialism, bureaucracy, interventionism, money, government, and war. But he also included many subject areas for which Mises is not often quoted, including arts, fate, health, instinct, martyrdom, religion, and youth.
Most economists don't write enough memorable material in an entire lifetime to fill 20 pages. But Mises was different. He was brilliant, brave, and tenacious. He could also write. He wanted to reach all people, not just specialists.
This serves as an introduction and guide to his thought, or even a kind of concordance, all in his own words. Mostly it is a means for putting Mises's ideas in even greater circulation.
After all it was Mises who said:
"In the long run even the most despotic governments with all their brutality and cruelty are no match for ideas. Eventually the ideology that has won the support of the majority will prevail and cut the ground from under the tyrant's feet. Then the oppressed many will rise in rebellion and overthrow their masters."
This is the Mises book for Everyman, for yourself and every thoughtful man and woman you know.
Education 豆瓣
作者: Murray N. Rothbard 出版社: Ludwig von Mises Institute 1999 - 8
What is it about today's school system that so many find unsatisfactory? Why have so many generations of reformers failed to improve the educational system, and, indeed, caused it to degenerate further and further into an ever declining level of mediocrity?
In this radical and scholarly monograph, out of print for two decades and restored according to the author's original, Murray N. Rothbard identifies the crucial feature of our educational system that dooms it to fail: at every level, from financing to attendance, the system relies on compulsion instead of voluntary consent.
Certain consequences follow. The curriculum is politicized to reflect the ideological priorities of the regime in power. Standards are continually dumbed down to accommodate the least common denominator. The brightest children are not permitted to achieve their potential, the special- needs of individual children are neglected, and the mid-level learners become little more than cogs in a machine. The teachers themselves are hamstrung by a political apparatus that watches their every move.
Rothbard explores the history of compulsory schooling to show that none of this is accident. The state has long used compulsory schooling, backed by egalitarian ideology, as a means of citizen control. In contrast, a market-based system of schools would adhere to a purely voluntary ethic, financed with private funds, and administered entirely by private enterprise.
An interesting feature of this book is its promotion of individual, or home, schooling, long before the current popularity of the practice.
As Kevin Ryan of Boston University points out in the introduction, if education reform is ever to bring about fundamental change, it will have to begin with a complete rethinking of public schooling that Rothbard offers here.
自然价值 豆瓣
Natural value
作者: [奥] 弗·冯·维塞尔 译者: 陈国庆 译 / 钱荣堃 校 出版社: 商务印书馆 1982 - 6
维塞尔继承和发展了门格尔的主观价值论。他和门格尔一样,以人对满足其需要的财物的效用的主观评价来说明价值。他最先提出“边际效用”一词,说明价值是由“边际效用”决定的。照维塞尔的解释,某一财物要具有价值,它必须既有效用,又有稀少性,效用和稀少性相结合是边际效用,从而是价值形成的必要和充分的条件。他所谓的“边际效用”就是人们在消费某一财物时随着消费数量的增加而递减的一系列效用中最后一个单位的消费品的效用,即最小效用。该财物每一单位的价值都由边际效用来决定,其总价值等于边际效用与单位数的乘积。维塞尔把这种由边际效用决定的价值叫做“自然价值”。维塞尔还把边际效用理论应用于解释分配,并提出所谓“归属论”。他认为生产财物即生产资料的价值是由他们所生产的消费财物的边际效用决定的,这价值应按各个生产要素在生产中的作用或“贡献”大小,以一定份额“归属”于各有关生产要素,从而构成各生产要素的收益,工资、利息、地租就是劳动、资本、土地各生产要素的收益,这些收益归根结底都是主观评价的结果。
维塞尔用主观心理来解释价值、利息、地租等,完全抹煞了这些经济范畴的客观性和历史性,掩盖了它们的真正来源和本质,其目的就在于否定马克思主义劳动价值论和剩余价值论,为资本主义制度辩护。
国民经济学原理 豆瓣
Grundsätze der Volkswirtschaftslehre
作者: [奥地利] 卡尔·门格尔 译者: 刘絜敖 出版社: 格致出版社 2013 - 8
《国民经济学原理》是奥地利学派创始人卡尔·门格尔的有关经济的著作。是经济科学史上“边际主义革命”的中流砥柱之一。这部奠定奥地利学派基础的代表作,继承了德国经济学的传统,重视心理分析,把经济学一向注意的欲望分析转到对满足欲望的分析上,批判价值理论中的客观主义理论。
The Theory of Money and Credit 豆瓣
作者: Ludwig von Mises 译者: H.E. Batson 出版社: Liberty Fund Inc 1981 - 1
In 1912, when Mises, at age thirty-one, wrote this landmark book, no monetary theory could be described as both securely founded on economic reality and properly incorporated into an analysis of the entire economic system. "The Theory of Money and Credit" opened new vistas. It integrated monetary theory into the main body of economic analysis for the first time, providing fresh new insights into the nature of money and its role in the economy. As the well-known "Austrian" economist Rothbard writes in his new foreword: "This book performed the mighty feat of integrating monetary with micro theory, of building monetary theory upon the individualistic foundations of general economic analysis."
货币和信用理论 豆瓣
The theory of Money and Gredit
作者: [奥地利] 路德维希·冯·米塞斯 译者: 樊林洲 出版社: 商务印书馆 2015 - 10
本书把货币同微观经济理论结合起来,论证了货币的边际效用与其他商品的效用,以及货币的供给如何相互作用而最终决定货币价格。作者提出的“递归定理”解释了货币的起源,把货币整合到市场经济和个体行动分析的整体理论框架中,解决了“奥地利学派循环”的难题。同时研究了货币的性质和价值,以及决定货币政策的效应。本书是奥地利学派经济思想的奠基之作。
Theory and History 豆瓣
作者: Ludwig von Mises 出版社: Ludwig von Mises Institute 1985 - 6
Like Hayek, Mises moved beyond economics in his later years to address questions regarding the foundation of all social science. But unlike Hayek's attempts, Mises's writings on these matters have received less attention than they deserve.
Theory and History should be required for any student of 20th century ideas.
奥地利学派经济学入门·米塞斯思想精要 豆瓣
作者: [美] 托马斯·C.泰勒 (Thomas C. Taylor) 出版社: 上海财经大学出版社 2017 - 7
本书如其书名所意指的那样,呈现了奥地利学派基本理论的概貌。它的重点是自由市场或者说资本主义经济。为了对这里讨论的主题有更深入理解,无疑不能忽视奥地利学派经济学家们富有创造力的著作。必须参考原著,尤其是为了缜密地鉴别现在十分猖獗的政府干预市场过程所造成的严重后果。本书在每章节的结尾处都提供了推荐阅读书目以加深理解。
真实的人的经济学 豆瓣
Economics for Real People
作者: 吉恩·卡拉汉 (Gene Callahan) 译者: 梁豪 / 牛海 出版社: 上海译文出版社 2013 - 8
供给和需求的均衡点从来不会实现,而“经济学”却假设供给等于需求的均衡点;明明并非人人自私自利,而“经济学”却假设人人都追求“利益最大化”;大量的论文用数学描绘那些假设世界中的均衡,然而它对于我们解释人的行为却无能为力。难道我们必须活在假设里,而不能“睁眼看世界”吗?
本书将从奥地利经济学派的角度给我们来一场头脑风暴,让我们一个能够解释现实的、描述真实的世界、写给真实的人的经济学。
与古典经济学派旨趣大相径庭,曾被排挤在主流经济学之外的奥地利经济学派是迄今为止最被中国人忽略、而在国外早已普及的经济学派,是当今中国人最需要了解的经济常识。代表人物米塞斯、拉赫曼、门格尔、哈耶克。
货币生产的伦理 豆瓣
The Ethics of Money Production
8.8 (5 个评分) 作者: [德] 约尔格·吉多·许尔斯曼 译者: 董子云 出版社: 浙江大学出版社 2010
金融危机之后,为避免实体经济陷入低迷,世界各国(包括中国)都采取了一系列刺激政策来恢复经济和信心。这些政策当中就包括以或明或暗的方式增加货币供应量。这样做可谓立竿见影,但可能随之而来的通货膨胀却不能不让人担忧,一旦猛虎出笼,为害更甚。那么通货膨胀的危害在哪里,根源又在何处呢?对此,本书给出了一个大胆然而彻底的解决方案。一般人们都关心货币取得和使用的伦理问题(所谓“君子爱财,取之有道”),也关心货币供应量是过多还是过少,但少有人会对国家发行货币、规定法定货币的行为本身产生怀疑,即货币生产的伦理问题。作者从奥地利学派主张私有产权和市场机制的基本观点出发,对国家垄断货币生产的伦理正当性提出质疑,指出法定货币才导致了法定或授权的通货膨胀(fiat inflation),这进而导致一系列在社会、文化乃至精神方面的严重后果。作者呼吁变革现有的货币体制,认为解决之道并不是要废弃纸币,而是要废除国家在货币生产上的一系列特权,允许公民自由选取货币。
自由的伦理 豆瓣
The ethics of liberty
作者: [美国] 穆瑞·罗斯巴德 译者: 吕炳斌 / 周欣 出版社: 复旦大学出版社 2008 - 10
《自由的伦理》是对自由主义政治立场的最严密和最具有哲理性的阐述之一。这本著作的特色在于它把自由扎根于自然权利的观念之中并且把其适用于大量实践问题之上。尽管罗斯巴德的结论是激进的——一个严格遵循私有财产权的社会秩序必须排除国家本身存在的制度化侵犯——他对自由主义原则的应用却惊人地显示出其在大量社会难题上的实用性,这些解决方案规避了传统,具有一定的创新性。
这一版本包含了一个导言,其中专门涉及了罗伯特·诺齐克和穆瑞·罗斯巴德之间的争论。
权力与市场 豆瓣
作者: 穆雷·罗斯巴德 / [美国] 穆瑞·罗斯巴德 译者: 刘云鹏 / 戴忠玉 出版社: 新星出版社 2007 - 8
《权力与市场》是美国当代杰出思想家穆雷·罗斯巴德的代表作。在书中,他秉承奥地利学派对政府控制和干预的一贯警惕,对政府干预市场的各种具体形态进行细致的归类、分析和批判,对反对自由市场的种种伦理论点提出了反驳,指出政府的控制和干预必然会损害正义。本书写作风格延续了罗斯巴德一贯的清晰与锐利。