Drawing on a range of examples from Western and developing cultures, this book offers a re-reading of the contemporary society as the product of both individual and collective identity and behaviour. Marxist interpretations of the expansion in the range and number of material goods have tended to view people as estranged from the objects they produce, while massive consumption reinforces the fragmented and individualistic nature of capitalism. In this book, the author develops a more positive theory of material culture, revealing the creative potential in the relationship between people and goods. He argues that rather than being oppressed by them, people redefine material objects to make them express themselves and their cultures. He shows that everyday objects reflect not only personal tastes and attributes, but also moral principles and social ideals.

“中国人要用中国货！”这是中国20世纪早期的国货运动中的醒目标语之一。这场运动通过灌输中国是有着自己“国货”的“民族国家”的观念，寻求把消费与民族主义联系起来。这场运动影响了中国初萌的消费文化的方方面面，从衣服到食品添加剂这样的时尚、从博物馆到百货商店、从产品展览到广告，莫不如此。同时，反帝抵制外货运动、国耻纪念、国货展览会、对不忠实的消费者的诋毁以及中国工业部门的提倡，都强化了民族主义消费，并传布了这样的信息——爱国的中国人使用中国工人在中国人拥有并管理的工厂用中国原料制造的产品。
在本书中，葛凯（Karl Gerth）认为，影响近代（modern）世界的两大关键力量——民族主义（nationalism）和消费主义（consumerism）先后在中国滋长。在20世纪早期，民族主义把每件商品贴上“中国的”或“外国的” 标签，消费文化变成了民族性概念被清晰表达，被制度化及被实践的场所。本书以中文、日文和英语的档案，杂志、报纸和书籍为文献基础，第一次探讨了民族主义与消费主义之间的历史纽带，重新解释了中国近代史的基本方面，并为洞悉所有近代国家中的类似联系提出了方法上的参考。