A radical reconsideration of how we develop the qualities that make us human, based on decades of cutting-edge experimental work by the former director of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
Virtually all theories of how humans have become such a distinctive species focus on evolution. Here, Michael Tomasello proposes a complementary theory of human uniqueness, focused on development. Building on the seminal ideas of Vygotsky, his data-driven model explains how those things that make us most human are constructed during the first years of a child’s life.
Tomasello assembles nearly three decades of experimental work with chimpanzees, bonobos, and human children to propose a new framework for psychological growth between birth and seven years of age. He identifies eight pathways that starkly differentiate humans from their closest primate relatives: social cognition, communication, cultural learning, cooperative thinking, collaboration, prosociality, social norms, and moral identity. In each of these, great apes possess rudimentary abilities. But then, Tomasello argues, the maturation of humans’ evolved capacities for shared intentionality transform these abilities—through the new forms of sociocultural interaction they enable—into uniquely human cognition and sociality. The first step occurs around nine months, with the emergence of joint intentionality, exercised mostly with caregiving adults. The second step occurs around three years, with the emergence of collective intentionality involving both authoritative adults, who convey cultural knowledge, and coequal peers, who elicit collaboration and communication. Finally, by age six or seven, children become responsible for self-regulating their beliefs and actions so that they comport with cultural norms.
Becoming Human places human sociocultural activity within the framework of modern evolutionary theory, and shows how biology creates the conditions under which culture does its work.

In The Everyday Language of White Racism, Jane H. Hill provides an incisive analysis of everyday language to reveal the underlying racist stereotypes that continue to circulate in American culture. provides a detailed background on the theory of race and racism reveals how racializing discourse—talk and text that produces and reproduces ideas about races and assigns people to them—facilitates a victim-blaming logic integrates a broad and interdisciplinary range of literature from sociology, social psychology, justice studies, critical legal studies, philosophy, literature, and other disciplines that have studied racism, as well as material from anthropology and sociolinguistics Part of the Blackwell Studies in Discourse and Culture Series

“寻租”是一个政治经济学的概念，涉及了操纵国家特权与垄断的关系的问题，它为经济学家广泛应用。 寻租是指那种利用资源并通过政治过程获得特权从而构成对他人利益的损害大于租金获得者收益的行为，在大众文化中则用来表示那些不受欢迎的政治家行为。

It is a well-known fact that the first of all the commandments of the Buddhist creed is “Thou shalt not kill” but Chinese books contain various passages relating to Buddhist monks who freely indulged in carnage and butchery and took an active part in military expeditions of every description, thus leaving no room for doubt that warfare was an integrate part of their religious profession for centuries. —J. J. M. de Groot, 1891

Opening with the provocative query “what might an anthropology of the secular look like?” this book explores the concepts, practices, and political formations of secularism, with emphasis on the major historical shifts that have shaped secular sensibilities and attitudes in the modern West and the Middle East.
Talal Asad proceeds to dismantle commonly held assumptions about the secular and the terrain it allegedly covers. He argues that while anthropologists have oriented themselves to the study of the “strangeness of the non-European world” and to what are seen as non-rational dimensions of social life (things like myth, taboo, and religion),the modern and the secular have not been adequately examined.
The conclusion is that the secular cannot be viewed as a successor to religion, or be seen as on the side of the rational. It is a category with a multi-layered history, related to major premises of modernity, democracy, and the concept of human rights. This book will appeal to anthropologists, historians, religious studies scholars, as well as scholars working on modernity.

人类学有两大任务，一是理解什么是人，二是理解人性是如何透过多元的文化表现出来。数码科技的蓬勃发展给这两者都带来了新的作用力。《数码人类学》向读者展示了人类与数码科技如何辩证地相互定义。最终我们试图得出一个结论，那便是“数码科技对人类到底意味着什么？”
从社交网站到数字化博物馆；从数字时代政治学到电子商务，浸润式的数码科技，给普通人的生活带来了根本性的改变。仅仅用数据来说明与理解问题显然过于太苍白，我们需要长期的定性研究，来分析人们是如何使用数码科技，而这样的行为又如何对其使用者产生影响，以及在世界范围内数码科技又是如何得到广泛运用与开发的。
《数码人类学》收录了数码文化研究领域杰出的人类学学者的前沿研究成果，向读者展示了如何运用人类学研究方法来有效地理解数码文化。《数码人类学》可用作人类学、传播学、社会学等学科以及文化研究、媒体研究等相关专业的高等教育教材。

Rapid industrialization, urbanization, and marketization have led to startling social changes in reform-era China. Mindful of the many forms of social theory that relate modernity to individualism, this volume addresses social and cultural change through the lens of psychological anthropology. The contributors explore Chinese modernity through the psychosocial contradictions experienced by artists, dancers, and poets; by mothers and daughters; by school children and migrant workers; the mentally ill, and others. As a whole, the book provides a disturbing but hopeful portrait of Chinese society, an opportunity to rethink the significance of the concept of modernity, and a vivid reminder of the enmeshment of individual psyches in their wider social and cultural environments.

《人文与社会译丛:象征交换与死亡》讲述了自文艺复兴以来，人类历史经历了“仿造”、“生产”和“仿真”这三种不同的仿象，它们分别对应于价值的自然规律、商品规律和结构规律。作者通过分析劳动、时尚、身体、死亡、诗歌语言等多层面的社会文化现象，指出仿真原则现在已经替代过去的现实原则支配着一切，不论是政治经济学还是精神分析学，在今天都已成为守法的革命，丧失了有效性和激进性。因此，我们需要一种反馈赠中的馈赠可逆性、牺牲中的交换可逆性、循环中的时间可逆性、摧毁中的生产可逆性、死亡中的生命可逆性、易位书写中韵语言单位和价值的可逆性。这一巨大而同一的形式是毁灭与死亡的形式，它可以在仿真的极限，终结线性的时间、语言、经济和权力，这就是象征交换。这是唯一与代码结构暴力等值的象征暴力，只有这种悖论的理论和实践才能触及今天的超级现实并给予它致命的打击。
编辑推荐
《人文与社会译丛:象征交换与死亡(新版)》是让•波德里亚最主要代表作之一，也是影响最大的著作，被公认为后现代理论与文化研究的最重要、最经典阐述之一。
名人推荐
《象征交换与死亡》无疑是波德里亚最重要的著作，对于现代与后现代争论具有关键意义，也标志着他本人的后现代转向。要理解波德里亚在其思想最丰产时期所具有的复杂性和激发力，就不能错过本书。
——道格拉斯•凯尔纳
众多后现代文化的绘图者都不敢贸然离开20世纪话语中熟悉的浅水区，他们只是小心翼翼地筛选出一些基本的变化，波德里亚却向着未标明的当代深水区做最精妙的“虚拟”潜入，他为我们提供了满怀热情地探索后现代状况中最重要的新事物的模式。
——尼古拉斯•楚尔布拉格

A robust trade in human lives thrived throughout North China during the late Qing and Republican periods. Whether to acquire servants, slaves, concubines, or children—or dispose of unwanted household members—families at all levels of society addressed various domestic needs by participating in this market. Sold People brings into focus the complicit dynamic of human trafficking, including the social and legal networks that sustained it. Johanna Ransmeier reveals the extent to which the structure of the Chinese family not only influenced but encouraged the buying and selling of men, women, and children.
For centuries, human trafficking had an ambiguous status in Chinese society. Prohibited in principle during the Qing period, it was nevertheless widely accepted as part of family life, despite the frequent involvement of criminals. In 1910, Qing reformers, hoping to usher China into the community of modern nations, officially abolished the trade. But police and other judicial officials found the new law extremely difficult to enforce. Industrialization, urbanization, and the development of modern transportation systems created a breeding ground for continued commerce in people. The Republican government that came to power after the 1911 revolution similarly struggled to root out the entrenched practice.
Ransmeier draws from untapped archival sources to recreate the lived experience of human trafficking in turn-of-the-century North China. Not always a measure of last resort reserved for times of extreme hardship, the sale of people was a commonplace transaction that built and restructured families as often as it broke them apart.

In Geneologies of Religion, Talal Asad explores how religion as a historical category emerged in the West and has come to be applied as a universal concept.
The idea that religion has undergone a radical change since the Christian Reformation―from totalitarian and socially repressive to private and relatively benign―is a familiar part of the story of secularization. It is often invokved to explain and justify the liberal politics and world view of modernity. And it leads to the view that "politicized religions" threaten both reason and liberty. Asad's essays explore and question all these assumptions. He argues that "religion" is a construction of European modernity, a construction that authorizes―for Westerners and non-Westerners alike―particular forms of "history making."

本书主要讨论齐美尔、克拉考尔和本雅明的现代性思想及其方法。作者认为，与哈贝马斯、韦伯等诸多学者试图建构无所不包的抽象的现代性理论不同，三位学者的现代性研究是从破译现代性碎片的奥秘入手的：齐美尔《货币哲学》中透显的“现实的偶像性碎片”，克拉考尔《大众装饰》、《白领雇员》中表述的“无关宏旨的表面现象”，以及本雅明《拱廊街计划》中的“辨证意象”或“单子论”的阐述，都在日常生活世界的层面上救赎了最为细微的现代性痕迹。全书内容新颖，文字细腻，是一部从审美的，政治的或历史的方式解读现代性的佳作。

"Of those who created the intellectual capital used to launch the enterprise of professional sociology, Georg Simmel was perhaps the most original and fecund. In search of a subject matter for sociology that would distinguish it from all other social sciences and humanistic disciplines, he charted a new field for discovery and proceeded to explore a world of novel topics in works that have guided and anticipated the thinking of generations of sociologists. Such distinctive concepts of contemporary sociology as social distance, marginality, urbanism as a way of life, role-playing, social behavior as exchange, conflict as an integrating process, dyadic encounter, circular interaction, reference groups as perspectives, and sociological ambivalence embody ideas which Simmel adumbrated more than six decades ago."--Donald N. Levine
Half of the material included in this edition of Simmel's writings represents new translations. This includes Simmel's important, lengthy, and previously untranslated "Group Expansion and Development of Individuality," as well as three selections from his most neglected work, "Philosophy of Money"; in addition, the introduction to "Probleme der Geschichtsphilosophie," chapter one of the "Lebensanschauung," and three essays are translated for the first time.

本书作者从古代文明世界与野蛮空间的对立与依赖关系中，查找古人民俗生活的踪迹，体会先民求生艰难，避祸之切的微妙心理。

《过渡礼仪》主要内容简介：出生、结婚、怀孕、死亡、季节转换等地位变化的事件，往往会以过渡礼仪来加以标识。范热内普在《过渡礼仪》中所提出的过渡礼仪之分隔-边缘-聚合三阶段模式，及其对各阶段象征意义的分析，使此模式已成为民俗学的一个根本理论，也成为人类学和其他学科研究仪式行为的一个经典概念。
这部首版于1909年的著作，对仪式机制和人类行为研究的贡献是多方面和意义深远的。正如当代美国著名民俗学家邓迪斯所评价的，“也许可以公平地说，民俗学分析性著作对学术界所产生的影响没有一部可超过这一经典研究。”

《宗教的意义与终结》从范畴与观念发展演化史的角度，考察了人类迄今几乎一切高级文明形式有关各自宗教生活的名称、指涉、术语、范畴、观念与自我理解以及它们彼此之间的相互影响与关联。作者指出要真正描述和理解在人类宗教生活中所发生的一切，就应当放弃使用不论是一般意义上还是个体意义上的“宗教”这一概念，而代之以“累积的传统”与“个人的信仰”这两上独立的概念。

An innovative and accessible guide to doing social research in the digital age
In just the past several years, we have witnessed the birth and rapid spread of social media, mobile phones, and numerous other digital marvels. In addition to changing how we live, these tools enable us to collect and process data about human behavior on a scale never before imaginable, offering entirely new approaches to core questions about social behavior. Bit by Bit is the key to unlocking these powerful methods―a landmark book that will fundamentally change how the next generation of social scientists and data scientists explores the world around us.
Bit by Bit is the essential guide to mastering the key principles of doing social research in this fast-evolving digital age. In this comprehensive yet accessible book, Matthew Salganik explains how the digital revolution is transforming how social scientists observe behavior, ask questions, run experiments, and engage in mass collaborations. He provides a wealth of real-world examples throughout, and also lays out a principles-based approach to handling ethical challenges in the era of social media.
Bit by Bit is an invaluable resource for social scientists who want to harness the research potential of big data and a must-read for data scientists interested in applying the lessons of social science to tomorrow’s technologies.
Illustrates important ideas with examples of outstanding research
Combines ideas from social science and data science in an accessible style and without jargon
Goes beyond the analysis of “found” data to discuss the collection of “designed” data such as surveys, experiments, and mass collaboration
Features an entire chapter on ethics
Includes extensive suggestions for further reading and activities for the classroom or self-study

在最广泛的意义上，这本书讲的是一个连字符（“一”）的用法，即英语表达中“民族一国家”中间的那个特定的连字符，它是如何成为一个被自然化了的等号的。本书从历史的角度探讨，在十九和二十世纪之交的中国——大约从甲午战争到1911年中华民国成立，这一自然化过程是如何开始、如何完成的。这是一部知识文化史，而不是社会史或制度史。很多读者似乎把我的观点理解为，在历史或者理论层面，民族主义（natlorlalism）涵义中的“民族”（ethno-nationalist）和“国家”（statist-nationalist）这两个组成部分是绝对可以分离而且互不交迭的。我在《界大舞台：十九二十世纪之交中国的民族主义》中阐述的观点与此恰好相反。把这两个概念分开，从而启发性地探讨一个我认为是被掩盖了的历史和理论问题——也就是，民族和国家是如何合二为一的：连字符的问题。写这本书的意义就在于寻找这两者在二十世纪早期融合的历史进程和历史与理论逻辑。作者希望这本书能在中国遇到赞同和反对它的读者，希望它能激发讨论以增强我们历史化地思考和研究历史可能性的能力。

“基督教中国化”的话题是中国政界、教界和学界都非常关注、而且也颇有争议的论题。基督教与中国的关系从其历史发展沿革来看乃是两种文化体系相遇和对话的关系，当然也是两种强势文化彼此接触和对比的关系。《基督教中国化研究丛书·麦芒上的圣言：一个乡村天主教群体中的信仰和生活》作者吴飞通过民间考察的形式，对基督教在现代中国民间社会的历史与处境做了深入细致的分析与论述。

Who exactly are China's new rich? This pioneering investigation introduces readers to the private lives—and the nightlives—of the powerful entrepreneurs and managers redefining success and status in the city of Chengdu. Over the course of more than three years, anthropologist John Osburg accompanied, and in some instances assisted, wealthy Chinese businessmen as they courted clients, partners, and government officials.
Drawing on his immersive experiences, Osburg invites readers to join him as he journeys through the new, highly gendered entertainment sites for Chinese businessmen, including karaoke clubs, saunas, and massage parlors—places specifically designed to cater to the desires and enjoyment of elite men. Within these spaces, a masculinization of business is taking place. Osburg details the complex code of behavior that governs businessmen as they go about banqueting, drinking, gambling, bribing, exchanging gifts, and obtaining sexual services.
These intricate social networks play a key role in generating business, performing social status, and reconfiguring gender roles. But many entrepreneurs feel trapped by their obligations and moral compromises in this evolving environment. Ultimately, Osburg examines their deep ambivalence about China's future and their own complicity in the major issues of post-Mao Chinese society—corruption, inequality, materialism, and loss of trust.