词汇
汉语离合词研究 豆瓣
作者: 周上之著 出版社: 上海外语教育 2006 - 9
      本书是我国第一部研究汉语离合词的专著,也是第一部研究汉语言单位的专著。其独创性如下:
一、汉语的语素、词和短语都不是形式单位,而是功能单位。本书的研究证明:汉语的语素、词和短语之间在功能上并不存在泾渭分明的界限,而是一个连续不断的整体。
二、汉语的词不同于印欧语的词。汉语的语素、词和短语三级语言单位是寄生在汉语单字和字组身上的意义功能单位。
三、离合词在意义上是一个不可分割的统一体,在结构上是由两个音节字连接而成的组合体。
Dying Words 豆瓣
作者: Nicholas Evans 出版社: Wiley-Blackwell 2009 - 5
The next century will see more than half of the world’s 6,000 languages become extinct, and most of these will disappear without being adequately recorded. Written by one of the leading figures in language documentation, this fascinating book explores what humanity stands to lose as a result. Explores the unique philosophy, knowledge, and cultural assumptions of languages, and their impact on our collective intellectual heritage Questions why such linguistic diversity exists in the first place, and how can we can best respond to the challenge of recording and documenting these fragile oral traditions while they are still with us Written by one of the leading figures in language documentation, and draws on a wealth of vivid examples from his own field experience Brings conceptual issues vividly to life by weaving in portraits of individual ‘last speakers’ and anecdotes about linguists and their discoveries
The Mental Corpus 豆瓣
作者: Taylor, John R. 出版社: Oxford University Press 2012 - 7
This book presents a radical reconceptualization of the nature of linguistic knowledge. John Taylor challenges the conventional notion that a language can be understood in terms of the interaction of syntax with a lexicon, the second listing the words and the first the rules for combining them. He proposes instead that an individual's knowledge of a language can be thought of as a repository of memories of linguistic experience. Each encounter with the language, he argues, leaves a trace in our minds. We record the forms of utterances, the concepts and interpretations associated with them, and the contexts in which they were heard or seen. Features of incoming language - a word, a phrase, a meaning, a voice quality, an interactional situation - resonate with items already stored. Similarities between stored items give rise to generalizations of varying degrees of certainty and precision, which in turn are able to sanction new and innovative expressions.
John Taylor writes with conviction, clarity, and wit, illustrating every stage of his argument with arresting examples. His account makes a profound and original contribution to understanding the nature of language and the operations of the mind and brain. His book will appeal in equal measure to linguists, philosophers, and cognitive scientists.
词汇化 豆瓣
作者: 董秀芳 出版社: 商务印书馆 2011 - 11
本书研究词汇化现象及其规律。词汇化指非词形式在发展过程中变为词的过程。除联绵词和音译词之外的双音词在历史上的产生主要是词汇化的结果。汉语双音词的词汇化主要有三条途径:从短语降格而来;从由语法性成分参与形成的句法结构发展出来;从本来不在同一句法层次上但在线性顺序上紧邻的两个成分所形成的跨层结构中脱胎出来。词汇化的发生要受到句法、语义和语用因素的制约。词汇化是一个连续渐进的过程,不同的形式可能具有不同的词汇化程度。
2018年11月26日 已读
很漂亮的应用,作者对双音词成因的解释使本书较描写类的作品提升了一个层次。在批评了程湘清的词汇需求增加这一从单音节到双音节的扩充条件之后,作者主要用冯胜利的韵律对汉语双音化进行约束,如果作者可以为韵律和词汇化两条线进行历时对应,说服力更强,另外是否有其他约束条件值得考究。词汇化的研究显示出认知语言学的潜力,作者运用隐喻,转喻,原型理论等对短语词汇化的原因进行了合理解释,以后是不是可以用心理词典里的词汇距离对短语词汇化研究进行优化?在句法结构和跨层结构两章中,作者点明的共时研究显示出汉语词汇化的进行状态,方言的例子则显示出分化的情况。作者很注意使用频率对于词汇化的促进作用,如果可以描写出双音节词替换单音节词的进程,那么频率的分析性就更强了。语法性成分功能丧失促进词汇化用显赫范畴会不会更有解释力?
专业 历史语言学 学术 汉语 汉语史
汉语词汇史新探续集 豆瓣
作者: 汪維輝 出版社: 浙江大學出版社 2018 - 11
《汉语词汇史新探续集》收入作者汪维辉2009年以来发表的论文30篇(其中有4篇系与朋友或学生合撰),大致按内容分为五组:*组7篇,属于理论探讨及治学经验之类,有点杂;第二组5篇,是作者承担的国家社科基金项目“汉语核心词的历史与现状研究”(11BYY062)的部分成果,讨论了6个核心词的现状与历史;第三组5篇,是汉语词汇史的一些个案研究;第四组7篇,每篇讨论一种或两种文献的语言或成书年代等问题,兼有词汇史和语料学的性质;第五组6篇,是词语考释,属于训诂学范畴。这些文章是*次结集出版,没有收入过作者之前的论文集。
德语基本词汇手册 豆瓣
作者: 殷生根 出版社: 北京语言大学出版社 2003 - 9
《德语基本词汇手册》(修订版)根据德语水平考试大纲的要求共收录约6000词目,并附有7上附录。词目下列有主要释义、搭配、习语和例句;为帮助使用者进一步扩充词汇量,在部分词目下还列出其反义词、派生词和复合词。在《德语基本词汇手册》(修订版)的编写过程中主要参考了《同国留学人员德语教学大纲》、《Basic German Vocabulary》以及《目标》、《求精德语强化教程》《Stufen》、《Sprachbrucke》、《Lernsiel》、《Lernziel Deutsch》等德语教材中的词汇。
The Origins of English Words 豆瓣
作者: Joseph Twadell Shipley 出版社: The Johns Hopkins University Press 2001 - 2
There are no direct records of the original Indo-European speech. By comparing the vocabularies of its various descendants, however, it is possible to reconstruct the basic Indo-European roots with considerable confidence. In The Origins of English Words, Shipley catalogues these proposed roots and follows the often devious, always fascinating, process by which some of their offshoots have grown. Anecdotal, eclectic, and always enthusiastic, The Origins of English Words is a diverting expedition beyond linguistics into literature, history, folklore, anthropology, philosophy, and science.
Verbal Advantage 豆瓣
9.9 (19 个评分) 作者: Charles Harrington Elster 出版社: Random House Reference 2002 - 9
First time in book form! A successful program for teaching 3,500 vocabulary words that successful people need to know, based on America's #1 bestselling audio vocabulary series.
"People judge you by the words you use." Millions of Americans know this phrase from radio and print advertising for the Verbal Advantage audio series, which has sold over 100,000 copies. Now this bestselling information is available for the first time in book form, in an easy-to-follow, graduated vocabulary building program that teaches an outstanding vocabulary in just ten steps.
Unlike other vocabulary books, Verbal Advantage provides a complete learning experience, with clear explanations of meanings, word histories, usages, pronunciation, and more. Far more than a cram session for a standardized test, the book is designed as a lifetime vocabulary builder, teaching a vocabulary shared by only the top percentage of Americans, with a proven method that helps the knowledge last.
A 10-step vocabulary program teaches 500 key words and 3,000 synonyms.
Lively, accessible writing from an expert author and radio personality.
英语词源典故词典 豆瓣
作者: 庄和诚 出版社: 商务印书馆国际有限公司 2009
精选英语词语600余条,介绍其来源、产生背景、历史沿革及特定含义。
将历史背景和文化内涵贯穿于词源和词义演变的讲解中,既可加深对词义理解,又可开阔语言视野。
词条均加注国际音标,绝大多数词条附有例句及其汉语译文,便于读者理解,掌握词条用法。
材料翔实可信,全书注重实用性、知识性和趣味性的融合。
法语词汇分类学习小词典 豆瓣
作者: 肯德里斯 出版社: 北京语言大学出版社 2008 - 6
《法语词汇分类学习小词典》是一本词汇分类学习的小型工具书,收入约7000条词语表达,分类从交际需要和语言自身特点出发,涉及现代社会生活的方方面面。全书由9大类44个小类构成。分类词条,法语列在每页的中间,汉语在左侧,英语在右侧。汉语意思对应于法语,排列顺序按照汉语拼音,相关条目、概念或者具体使用归列在主词条项下。书中附有有法-汉词汇索引。全书使用双色印刷,版面清晰,查阅便捷。
当代语法学教程 豆瓣
作者: 熊仲儒 出版社: 北京大学出版社 2013 - 9
系统性。本教程系统地讲解了汉语语法的词法与句法,全书分4章讲词法,6章讲句法,3章讲语法与语义、语法与语音。全书以核心(head)为纲,在绪论中指明核心决定着结构体的类别和与之共现的成分,其他各章围绕着核心的作用展开。比如说第一章以偏正结构与动宾结构的复合词为例展示核心决定复合词的类别;第二章以把字句、状态补语为例展示功能核心的选择作用,并讲解了“功能范畴假设”和限制嫁接方向的“嫁接与移位同向假设”;随后各章就根据这两条假设讲解动词短语、句子、名词短语、形容词短语、并列短语、语法与语义、语法与语音,并以此反哺构词法。
学术性。本教程适用于高年级本科生,也适用于汉语言文字学、语言学及应用语言学等相关专业的硕士生,他们有一定的汉语语法基础,所以针对这些学生的教材宜强调学术性。比如说两个语言单位的语序,两个语言单位在进行组合时,谁在前谁在后。逻辑上存在两种可能,为了限制组合的方向,本教程提出“嫁接与移位同向假设”,为满足该假设,本教程提出“词汇核心在后,所有扩展它的功能核心在前”。再比如说选择性,汉语的“吃”除了跟食物这样的受事组合,还可以跟工具(“吃大碗”)、处所(“吃食堂”)等组合,为解释这种现象,本教程提出了“功能范畴假设”。这些假设有一定的解释力和限制力。
当代性。高等学校语言学科的基础教材一般是以结构主义语言学的理论为基础,但西方语言学已经发展出生成语法、认知语法等学术流派,并以生成语法为主流。本教程以生成语法的近期理论“最简方案”为基础描写、解释汉语的一些重要的语法现象,主要意图是让学生尽早接触当代语言学的理论、观念与技术手段。
汉语义类词群的语义范畴及隐喻认知研究 豆瓣
1970 - 1
《汉语义类词群的语义范畴及隐喻认知研究(1)》从隐喻(包括转喻)的认知模式讨论词义发展的内在机制,开启了一个全新的视角,给人以耳目一新的感觉。全书共九章,除引论外,分别对 “心”“目”“口”“足”“水”“艸”“糸”“犬”词群进行语义范畴及隐喻认知分析对比。《汉语义类词群的语义范畴及隐喻认知研究(1)》的研究建立在“范畴化理论”“原型理论”“家族相似性理论”等与认知有关的基础理论之上,这些都是比较前沿的研究成果,把这些国外的理论与汉语的实际相结合,使之“本土化”,能够加深我们对汉语的认识。
词义的分析和描写 豆瓣
作者: 符淮青 出版社: 外语教学与研究出版社 2006 - 7
《词义的分析和描写》想在语言学的范围内讨论词义的分析和描写。词义的分析和描写历来被认为是语言学中最困难的问题之一。虽然如此,仍然有为数不少的人在语言学研究中,在词典编纂工作中,在语文教学中进行了多方面的探索,积累了相当丰富的认识和经验。国外越来越多的语言学、语义学著作在国内得到流传和介绍,也开阔了我们的眼界。为了总结和探索词义分析、描写的理论和方法,作者从1981年起在北京大学汉语专业开设“词义分析”课,1986年应邀在北京语言学院语文系讲课,1987年应邀赴新疆大学讲课,也讲授了其中的一部分或大部分内容。《词义的分析和描写》就是在历次讲课所用讲稿的基础上加工修改写成的。
现代汉语词汇 豆瓣
作者: 符淮青 出版社: 北京大学 2004 - 4
《现代汉语词汇》如何把现代汉语词汇的教学和研究提高一步,是许多同志都关心的问题,《现代汉语词汇》除了吸收这门课的原有内容外,还尝试在词义、词义分类、词义发展、词义和构成它的语素义的关系、词的释义等问题上提出一些意见和做法。
Lexical Analysis 豆瓣
作者: Patrick Hanks 出版社: The MIT Press 2013 - 1
In Lexical Analysis, Patrick Hanks offers a wide-ranging empirical investigation of word use and meaning in language. The book fills the need for a lexically based, corpus-driven theoretical approach that will help people understand how words go together in collocational patterns and constructions to make meanings. Such an approach is now possible, Hanks writes, because of the availability of new forms of evidence (corpora, the Internet) and the development of new methods of statistical analysis and inferencing. Hanks offers a new theory of language, the Theory of Norms and Exploitations (TNE), which makes a systematic distinction between normal and abnormal usage -- between rules for using words normally and rules for exploiting such norms in metaphor and other creative use of language. Using hundreds of carefully chosen citations from corpora and other texts, he shows how matching each use of a word against established contextual patterns plays a large part in determining the meaning of an utterance. His goal is to develop a coherent and practical lexically driven theory of language that takes into account the immense variability of everyday usage and that shows that this variability is rule governed rather than random. Such a theory will complement other theoretical approaches to language, including cognitive linguistics, construction grammar, generative lexicon theory, priming theory, and pattern grammar.