" The Way We Think is a dazzling tour of the complexities of human imagination."--George Lakoff, co-author of Philosophy in the Flesh and Where Mathematics Comes From . In its first two decades, much of cognitive science focused on such mental functions as memory, learning, symbolic thought, and language acquisition--the functions in which the human mind most closely resembles a computer. But humans are more than computers, and the cutting-edge research in cognitive science is increasingly focused on the more mysterious, creative aspects of the mind. The Way We Think is a landmark synthesis that exemplifies this new direction. The theory of conceptual blending is already widely known in laboratories throughout the world; this book is its definitive statement. Gilles Fauconnier and Mark Turner argue that all learning and all thinking consist of blends of metaphors based on simple bodily experiences. These blends are then themselves blended together into an increasingly rich structure that makes up our mental functioning in modern society. A child's entire development consists of learning and navigating these blends. The Way We Think shows how this blending operates; how it is affected by (and gives rise to) language, identity, and concept of category; and the rules by which we use blends to understand ideas that are new to us. The result is a bold, exciting, and accessible new view of how the mind works.

本书将“引譬连类”这一由《诗经》发端的诗学传统上升到譬喻理论的高度，它不仅是一种文学表达方法，更是中国传统认知世界、通过“越界”和“跨类”的方式在类分事物的基础上连结“物/我”、“情/景”、“身/心”、“言/意”的一套生活知识、理解框架和价值体系，由此形成迥异于西方以逻辑推演为主要认知方式的中国“关联式”、整体性的宇宙观、世界观和思维方式。
作者采取了跨学科的研究方法，广涉经典的文学研究、思想史、人文地理学，并借鉴人类学、艺术史和新文化史对“物质”的研究，从《诗经》、《楚辞》、《汉赋》，到《尔雅》、《汉书·艺文志》和最早的类书《皇览》，乃至晚清黄遵宪的《日本杂事诗》……纵深地考察了“引譬连类”这个譬喻理论是如何形成了一种感知世界的基本模式，构建了中国几千年的诗文传统，从而将天文、人文、圣人、经典、信仰、辞章拉连在一起，成就了中华民族光华圆满的“文明”论述。

《隐喻的逻辑：可能世界之可类比部分》以认知意义为视角、以类比为基础、以计算程序为手段、以隐喻的真值和推理为研究对象，对隐喻展开了多学科研究。为解决隐喻的逻辑问题，作者深入研究隐喻语言的句法结构、概念结构、可能世界语义学，以语义角色的介入改造传统谓词演算，建构NETMET计算程序。在探讨隐喻所基于的类比逻辑之后研究类比等值，并透过类比等值，研究隐喻的生成、解释、蕴含复合体（implication complex）、溯因推理、隐喻的证实条件、隐喻的词汇意义和语义公设等。
本书涉及逻辑学、哲学、计算机科学、形式语言学、结构主义语言学、可能世界语义学、隐喻学等，可供汉语、英语、哲学、逻辑学、计算机科学等专业的本科生、硕土生、博土生阅读，也可供不同学科的教师用作教学参考书。

《言语幽默的图论模型》立足于语言学传统的幽默研究，在前人成果的基础上提出了“笑话的简式图论模型”，开创了研究幽默文本特别是笑话的一条新途径。全书内容翔实，深入浅出，并用大量的幽默语料向读者揭示笑话之所以令人发笑的深层动因。全书用清晰易懂的英语写成，适合有一定英语基础的语言专业的学习和研究以及对英语幽默语言感兴趣的广大读者。

Combining up-to-date scholarship with clear and accessible language and helpful exercises, Metaphor: A Practical Introduction is an invaluable resource for all readers interested in metaphor. This second edition includes two new chapters-on 'metaphors in discourse' and 'metaphor and emotion'-along with new exercises, responses to criticism and recent developments in the field, and revised student exercises, tables, and figures.

在各种语言中，情态词、连接词、条件词、知觉动词恐怕都是最生动、也是最难以把握其意义的词类。其意义的多歧性不仅困扰语言学家，也困扰分析哲学家。尽管如此，Eve E.Sweetser的论述仍然向我们证实了它们是可以被分析，而且可以是成系统的分析。
语义关系并非独立于人类的认知结构之外，包括这种结构的隐喻与文化方面。无论是词汇的多义性还是语用的含糊性，都会通过认知和言语过程的作用，为世俗的隐喻方式所定型。本书从多义现象入手，将这类特殊的词置于印欧语系的历史之下来探讨其语义结构的变化，提示了隐喻和文化在语认结构演变中的角色。
本书也将吸引那些从事认知科学与隐喻、哲学研究的学者。

People use metaphors every time they speak. Some of those metaphors are literary - devices for making thoughts more vivid or entertaining. But most are much more basic than that - they're "metaphors we live by", metaphors we use without even realizing we're using them. In this book, George Lakoff and Mark Johnson suggest that these basic metaphors not only affect the way we communicate ideas, but actually structure our perceptions and understandings from the beginning. Bringing together the perspectives of linguistics and philosophy, Lakoff and Johnson offer an intriguing and surprising guide to some of the most common metaphors and what they can tell us about the human mind. And for this new edition, they supply an afterword both extending their arguments and offering a fascinating overview of the current state of thinking on the subject of the metaphor.

"There are books--few and far between--which carefully, delightfully, and genuinely turn your head inside out. This is one of them. It ranges over some central issues in Western philosophy and begins the long overdue job of giving us a radically new account of meaning, rationality, and objectivity."--Yaakov Garb, San Francisco Chronicle

Contemporary metaphor theory has recently begun to address the relation between metaphor, culture and ideology. In this wide-ranging book, Andrew Goatly, using lexical data from his database Metalude, investigates how conceptual metaphor themes construct our thinking and social behaviour in fields as diverse as architecture, engineering, education, genetics, ecology, economics, politics, industrial time-management, medicine, immigration, race, and sex. He argues that metaphor themes are created not only through the universal body but also through cultural experience, so that an apparently universal metaphor such as event-structure as realized in English grammar is, in fact, culturally relative, compared with e.g. the construal of 'cause and effect' in the Algonquin language Blackfoot. Moreover, event-structure as a model is both scientifically reactionary and, as the basis for technological mega-projects, has proved environmentally harmful. Furthermore, the ideologies of early capitalism created or exploited a selection of metaphor themes historically traceable through Hobbes, Hume, Smith, Malthus and Darwin. These metaphorical concepts support neo-Darwinian and neo-conservative ideologies apparent at the beginning of the 21st century, ideologies underpinning our social and environmental crises. The conclusion therefore recommends skepticism of metaphor s reductionist tendencies.

In this ambitious and wide-ranging text, Andrew Goatly explores the language of metaphor. Combining insights from relevance theory and functional linguistics, he provides a powerful model for understanding how metaphors work in real communicative situations, how we use them to communicate meaning as well as how we process them.

Examining the distinction between literal and metaphorical language, Goatly surveys the means by which metaphors are realized in texts and locates the interpretation of metaphor in its social context. The Language of Metaphors is enlivened by the choice, variety and humor of its real examples which are taken from a wide variety of genres including conversation, popular science, advertising, news reports, novels and poetry. Supplemented with exercises and a suggested reading list, this book will provide students of language, psychology and literature with an invaluable guide to understanding precisely how metaphors function.</P>

In From Molecule to Metaphor, Jerome Feldman proposes a theory of language and thought that treats language not as an abstract symbol system but as a human biological ability that can be studied as a function of the brain, as vision and motor control are studied. This theory, he writes, is a "bridging theory" that works from extensive knowledge at two ends of a causal chain to explicate the links between. Although the cognitive sciences are revealing much about how our brains produce language and thought, we do not yet know exactly how words are understood or have any methodology for finding out. Feldman develops his theory in computer simulations--formal models that suggest ways that language and thought may be realized in the brain. Combining key findings and theories from biology, computer science, linguistics, and psychology, Feldman synthesizes a theory by exhibiting programs that demonstrate the required behavior while remaining consistent with the findings from all disciplines. <br /> <br /> After presenting the essential results on language, learning, neural computation, the biology of neurons and neural circuits, and the mind/brain, Feldman introduces specific demonstrations and formal models of such topics as how children learn their first words, words for abstract and metaphorical concepts, understanding stories, and grammar (including "hot-button" issues surrounding the innateness of human grammar). With this accessible, comprehensive book Feldman offers readers who want to understand how our brains create thought and language a theory of language that is intuitively plausible and also consistent with existing scientific data at all levels.

本书展示了卡西尔著名的“符号形式哲学”的成因和发展，力图把哲学引向语言神话思维，即扩大康德以来的以逻辑为根基的认识论，努力去理解语言、神话、宗教与艺术思维的功能，从而建设一种“系统的关于人类文化的哲学”，也就是“从理性的批判变成文化的批判”。
《语言与神话》预示了20世纪欧陆哲学的一个重要趋势，即语言的转向和对西方自柏拉图以降形而上学的哲学传统乃至文化传统的彻底批判，接踵而至的便是将这种趋势推向彻底和极端的存在主义、解构主义等在20世纪引起巨大震响的哲学与文化思潮。

"Its publication should be a major event for cognitive linguistics and should pose a major challenge for cognitive science. In addition, it should have repercussions in a variety of disciplines, ranging from anthropology and psychology to epistemology and the philosophy of science. . . . Lakoff asks: What do categories of language and thought reveal about the human mind? Offering both general theory and minute details, Lakoff shows that categories reveal a great deal."—David E. Leary, American Scientist

温格瑞尔和施密特的《认知语言学导论》是最早出现、流行较广的认知语言学教科书。它在经验观、凸显观和注意观基本框架下，全面而深入地讨论了认知语言学的研究方法和内容，系统地阐发了认知语言学的基本概念和基本原理；既有认知语言学理论的一般介绍，也有对一些重要专题的深入探讨；不但反映了认知语言学的最新发展，而且也不乏作者自己的研究成果和创见。内容丰富，见解新颖，注重实用，是读者学习和研究认知语言学的蓝本和重要文献。

本书是国内第一部系统研究音乐隐喻的理论著作。其中部分章节已经先期在《人民音乐》、《交响》、《民族艺术研究》等专业核心上发表，并有文章被《高等学校文科学术文摘》转载。全书共分七章：第一章是中国音乐隐喻史的简要轮廓。内容共有四节：第一节为先秦两汉魏晋南北朝时期的音乐隐喻，第二节为隋唐五代时期的音乐隐喻，第三节为宋元时期的音乐隐喻，第四节为明清时期的音乐隐喻。第二章是西方的音乐隐喻简史。内容共有七节：第一节为古希腊罗马时期的音乐隐喻，第二节为中世纪时期的音乐隐喻，第三节为“新艺术”与文艺复兴时期的音乐隐喻，第四节为巴罗克时期的音乐隐喻，第五节为古典时期的音乐隐喻，第六节为浪漫主义时期的音乐隐喻，第七节为20世纪西方的音乐隐喻。 以上两章篇幅相对比较长一些，其目的主要是想通过具体的音乐隐喻现象分析与研究，给读者一个音乐隐喻的直感，为后面各章理论的展开打下基础。第三章为音乐隐喻学的本质与特征，包括隐喻是什么、音乐隐喻的产生、音乐隐喻的本质、音乐隐喻的特征等内容。第四章为音乐隐喻的基本内涵，包括情感、替代、转换、暗示、可体验性等内容。第五章为音乐隐喻的表现方式，包括节奏、旋律、和声、摹仿等内容。第六章为音乐隐喻的思维流程，包括比较与类比、联想与想象、意象与象征等内容。第七章为音乐隐喻的理解，包括了解音乐的隐喻、投入主观情感、了解音乐表现的复杂性、理解音乐隐喻的途径等内容。为了读者进一步了解和研究音乐隐喻问题，该书的最后还附有100余条主要参考文献，便于读者查阅和借鉴。

本书作为当代语言学经典著作，是公认的认知语言学隐喻系统研究的开始，在国外隐喻研究中具有很大影响。乔治·莱考夫和马克·约翰逊在书中指出隐喻不仅是语言中词汇的问题，还是人类思维的重要手段,它直接参与人类的认知过程,是人类生存的基本方式，乃从认知的角度首次提出了概念隐喻理论(conceptual metaphor)。该书完全颠覆了几千年来人们对于隐喻的狭隘看法，国内外但凡论及隐喻、认知的论文和专著，无不以此为经典。
在我所看到的众多关于隐喻主题的讨论中，本书是最具有原创性和最有价值的。
—— James D. McCawley(著名语言学家)
有趣而又引人深思……正如莱考夫和约翰逊在每一页上所展示的，关于隐喻，最重要的是去体验它——这本书需要读者去体验，而不是去阅读。当读者和作者双方的概念结构同样在经验中得到反映时，这些观点才会发扬光大。这种人类的一切交流所共有的特性，通过莱考夫和约翰逊的艺术洞察力，在这本书中得到了强化，从而产生了一本论述重大人类主题的伟大图书。
——John M. Lawler,《语言学》
通过丰富的例证和清楚的分析,莱考夫和约翰逊迫使我们关注隐喻与概念范畴这一对问题。《我们赖以生存的隐喻》是彼此完全孤立的学科之间成功合作的实例。
—— Robbert Greene，《当代语言说明》