society-social-sci
The Difference 豆瓣
作者: Scott E. Page 出版社: Princeton University Press 2008 - 8
In this landmark book, Scott Page redefines the way we understand ourselves in relation to one another. "The Difference" is about how we think in groups - and how our collective wisdom exceeds the sum of its parts. Why can teams of people find better solutions than brilliant individuals working alone? And why are the best group decisions and predictions those that draw upon the very qualities that make each of us unique? The answers lie in diversity - not what we look like outside, but what we look like within, our distinct tools and abilities. "The Difference" reveals that progress and innovation may depend less on lone thinkers with enormous IQs than on diverse people working together and capitalizing on their individuality.Page shows how groups that display a range of perspectives outperform groups of like-minded experts. Diversity yields superior outcomes, and Page proves it using his own cutting-edge research. Moving beyond the politics that cloud standard debates about diversity, he explains why difference beats out homogeneity, whether you're talking about citizens in a democracy or scientists in the laboratory. He examines practical ways to apply diversity's logic to a host of problems, and along the way offers fascinating and surprising examples, from the redesign of the Chicago "El" to the truth about where we store our ketchup. Page changes the way we understand diversity - how to harness its untapped potential, how to understand and avoid its traps, and how we can leverage our differences for the benefit of all.
日本国立小学365天 豆瓣
作者: 谭琦 出版社: 生活·读书·新知三联书店 2017 - 9
本书记录了日本国立小学一年四季的校园生活。在这一年里,作为父母教师会(PTA)委员的作者,参与了学校几乎所有的活动,每天都有新的发现和感悟,对日本的基础教育有入微的观察和深入的思考,也对比了中日基础教育的差别与差距。
本书在教育细节方面有很多着墨,例如开学典礼、午餐教学、母亲的职能、社会课、日本小学的游泳课、毕业歌剧的排演等等,通过这些细节以及对背后日本文化的解读,读者可以更好地了解日本的基础教育和文化传统。
书中附上了作者孩子的日记。从这些日记中可以看出:曾经被视为问题学生的他如何一步步转变为一个有上进心、有责任感、有梦想的孩子。
Walkable City 豆瓣
作者: Jeff Speck 出版社: Farrar, Straus and Giroux 2012 - 11
Jeff Speck has spent his career determining what makes a city work, and he has boiled it down to one essential factor: walkability. For urban life to thrive, cities must prioritize pedestrians over cars. Six-lane highways tearing through downtown must give way to crossable streets, massive parking lots must give way to pedestrian plazas, architecture designed to be appreciated from afar must give way to welcoming buildings. Making all of this happen is relatively easy and cheap; seeing what needs to be done is the trick. Speck can show us the invisible workings underneath the city, how simple decisions have cascading effects, and how we can make the right decisions for our cities. Cities have been recognized as the key to sustainable living. But New York, San Francisco, Chicago, D.C. - these are not the next great American cities, and they are not where the future of urban life will be formed. Most Americans live in midsize cities - Lowell, Massachusetts; Tacoma, Washington; Grand Rapids, Michigan - that need downtowns that are vibrant and appealing; they need to feel like the urban hubs that they are. They need walkability. Bursting with sharp observations and real-world examples, giving key insight to what urban planners actually do and how cities can and do change, "Walkable City" lays out a practical, necessary, and eminently achievable vision of how to make our American cities work.
A Natural History of Human Thinking Goodreads 豆瓣
作者: Michael Tomasello 出版社: Harvard University Press 2014 - 2
Tool-making or culture, language or religious belief: ever since Darwin, thinkers have struggled to identify what fundamentally differentiates human beings from other animals. In this much-anticipated book, Michael Tomasello weaves his twenty years of comparative studies of humans and great apes into a compelling argument that cooperative social interaction is the key to our cognitive uniqueness. Once our ancestors learned to put their heads together with others to pursue shared goals, humankind was on an evolutionary path all its own.

Tomasello argues that our prehuman ancestors, like today's great apes, were social beings who could solve problems by thinking. But they were almost entirely competitive, aiming only at their individual goals. As ecological changes forced them into more cooperative living arrangements, early humans had to coordinate their actions and communicate their thoughts with collaborative partners. Tomasello's "shared intentionality hypothesis" captures how these more socially complex forms of life led to more conceptually complex forms of thinking. In order to survive, humans had to learn to see the world from multiple social perspectives, to draw socially recursive inferences, and to monitor their own thinking via the normative standards of the group. Even language and culture arose from the preexisting need to work together. What differentiates us most from other great apes, Tomasello proposes, are the new forms of thinking engendered by our new forms of collaborative and communicative interaction.

A Natural History of Human Thinking is the most detailed scientific analysis to date of the connection between human sociality and cognition.
Law and Society in Traditional China 豆瓣
中国法律与中国社会
作者: T'ung Tsu-Ch'ü(瞿同祖) 译者: 瞿同祖 出版社: 商务印书馆 2011
本书作者把研究对象确定在中国古代社会中的法律,以期对中国历史上的法律提供一种社会学的解释。在兼跨社会学、历史学、法律这三个学科领域之间,开创了法律史与社会史结合的研究范式,形成了一种新的学术研究体系,被称为“法律社会史”。本书是这一领域的经典著作,初版至今已60余年,并有作者自己的英文译本传世,在西方汉学界广有影响。