How does graduate admissions work? Who does the system work for, and who falls through its cracks? More people than ever seek graduate degrees, but little has been written about who gets in and why. Drawing on firsthand observations of admission committees and interviews with faculty in 10 top-ranked doctoral programs in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences, education professor Julie Posselt pulls back the curtain on a process usually conducted in secret.
Inside Graduate Admissions presents admissions from decision makers' point of view, including thought-provoking episodes of committees debating the process, interviewing applicants, and grappling with borderline cases. Who ultimately makes the admit list reveals as much about how professors see themselves--and each other--as it does about how they view students. Professors in these programs say that they admit on merit, but they act on different meanings of the term. Disciplinary norms shape what counts as merit, as do professors' ideas about intelligence and their aversions to risk, conflict, ambiguity, and change. Professors also say that they seek diversity, but Posselt shows that their good intentions don't translate into results. In fact, faculty weigh diversity in only a small fraction of admissions decisions. Often, they rely upon criteria that keep longstanding inequalities in place.
More equitable outcomes occur when admissions committees are themselves diverse and when members take a fresh look at inherited assumptions that affect their judgment. To help academic departments promote transparency and accountability, Posselt closes with concrete strategies to improve admissions review.

一本来自人类学、社会学、政治经济学、营养学等领域的儿童饮食调查报告
关注中国独生子女群体的食品消费、全球化经济影响下的儿童食品变迁
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本书的形成源于哈佛大学人类学系资深教授华琛(James L. Watson)在费正清中国研究中心发起的“中国社会饮食消费格局”研究项目。九名作者中包括华琛本人，华琛教授的老同事，六人是华琛先生的弟子，因而论文相互呼应的程度非同寻常，在文集类书籍中实属难得。
全书围绕五个议题铺开而论：一是改革开放后中国人的饮食营养，二是儿童食品产业在中国的兴起，三是国家科学育儿话语，四是全球消费文化对中国家庭生活的渗透，五是饮食变迁伴随的社会认同和价值观变迁。
“小皇帝”一词向来被联想到被娇生惯养的独生子女，但所有作者对此都采取了慎重对待的态度，没有简单粗暴地认定独子女必然会有这样或那样的心理问题或某些固化偏执的行为习惯。作者们将更具有学术价值的讨论集中在一连串的具体问题上。例如，郭于华关心的食品和饮食习惯所代表的代际差异问题与景军讨论的科学话语、宗教信念、电视广告在儿童食品消费领域的博弈问题都分析了儿童、家长、老人三代人的代际关系。
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在中国独生子女家庭这个富有争议的议题研究上，景军主编的论文集向前推进了重要的一步。全书没有任何薄弱章节。正如华琛教授总结的那样，这本书的独一无二之处在于，它率先观察到了在对儿童的社会态度上的深刻历史转变。
——著名国际学术期刊《太平洋事务》
本书呈现了一种对文化和饮食行为变迁的丰富描述，指出了研究的多样性以及中国健康研究的未来。
——美国人类学会《营养人类学》期刊

In this lively study, Rachel Sherman goes behind the scenes in two urban luxury hotels to give a nuanced picture of the workers who care for and cater to wealthy guests by providing seemingly unlimited personal attention. Drawing on in-depth interviews and extended ethnographic research in a range of hotel jobs, including concierge, bellperson, and housekeeper, Sherman gives an insightful analysis of what exactly luxury service consists of, how managers organize its production, and how workers and guests negotiate the inequality between them. She finds that workers employ a variety of practices to assert a powerful sense of self, including playing games, comparing themselves to other workers and guests, and forming meaningful and reciprocal relations with guests. Through their contact with hotel staff, guests learn how to behave in the luxury environment and come to see themselves as deserving of luxury consumption. These practices, Sherman argues, help make class inequality seem normal, something to be taken for granted. Throughout, "Class Acts" sheds new light on the complex relationship between class and service work, an increasingly relevant topic in light of the growing economic inequality in the United States that underlies luxury consumption.

Diversity these days is a hallowed American value, widely shared and honored. That’s a remarkable change from the Civil Rights era—but does this public commitment to diversity constitute a civil rights victory? What does diversity mean in contemporary America, and what are the effects of efforts to support it?
Ellen Berrey digs deep into those questions in The Enigma of Diversity. Drawing on six years of fieldwork and historical sources dating back to the 1950s and making extensive use of three case studies from widely varying arenas—housing redevelopment in Chicago’s Rogers Park neighborhood, affirmative action in the University of Michigan’s admissions program, and the workings of the human resources department at a Fortune 500 company—Berrey explores the complicated, contradictory, and even troubling meanings and uses of diversity as it is invoked by different groups for different, often symbolic ends. In each case, diversity affirms inclusiveness, especially in the most coveted jobs and colleges, yet it resists fundamental change in the practices and cultures that are the foundation of social inequality. Berrey shows how this has led racial progress itself to be reimagined, transformed from a legal fight for fundamental rights to a celebration of the competitive advantages afforded by cultural differences.
Powerfully argued and surprising in its conclusions, The Enigma of Diversity reveals the true cost of the public embrace of diversity: the taming of demands for racial justice.

我们要理解今天的经济发展，至关重要的一点是理解社会结构的、制度的、权力的和认知的因素，如何导致经济实践中的多样性。在这本读本里收录的经典研究，提供了检视这些因素的很好的分析工具和理论概念。在中国，社会学正处于复兴的过程中，把这些研究介绍到中国最令人激动的一点在于，我们可以看到这些被证明能够很好地解释西方国家经济现象的方法和理论概念，将会如何来面对中国的经济现象，这些经济现象是当今世界上最为复杂和有趣的。本书中收录的研究展示了如何从网络、制度、权力和认知的理论框架来分析经济现象，通过借鉴这些研究成果，中国的学者能加深我们对社会过程如何影响经济这一主题的理解，同时也将进一步加强中西方社会学者之间的交流。

It is commonly assumed that capitalism has created an a-emotional world dominated by bureaucratic rationality; that economic behavior conflicts with intimate, authentic relationships; that the public and private spheres are irremediably opposed to each other; and that true love is opposed to calculation and self-interest. Eva Illouz rejects these conventional ideas and argues that the culture of capitalism has fostered an intensely emotional culture in the workplace, in the family, and in our own relationship to ourselves. She argues that economic relations have become deeply emotional, while close, intimate relationships have become increasingly defined by economic and political models of bargaining, exchange, and equity. This dual process by which emotional and economic relationships come to define and shape each other is called emotional capitalism. Illouz finds evidence of this process of emotional capitalism in various social sites: self-help literature, women's magazines, talk shows, support groups, and the Internet dating sites. How did this happen? What are the social consequences of the current preoccupation with emotions? How did the public sphere become saturated with the exposure of private life? Why does suffering occupy a central place in contemporary identity? How has emotional capitalism transformed our romantic choices and experiences? Building on and revising the intellectual legacy of critical theory, this book addresses these questions and offers a new interpretation of the reasons why the public and the private, the economic and the emotional spheres have become inextricably intertwined.

For decades, the distressed cities of the Rust Belt have been symbols of deindustrialization and postindustrial decay, their troubles cast as the inevitable outcome of economic change. The debate about why the fortunes of cities such as Detroit have fallen looms large over questions of social policy. In Manufacturing Decline, Jason Hackworth offers a powerful critique of the role of Rust Belt cities in American political discourse, arguing that antigovernment conservatives capitalized on--and perpetuated--these cities' misfortunes by stoking racial resentment. Hackworth traces how the conservative movement has used the imagery and ideas of urban decline since the 1970s to advance their cause. Through a comparative study of shrinking Rust Belt cities, he argues that the rhetoric of the troubled "inner city" has served as a proxy for other social conflicts around race and class. In particular, conservatives have used images of urban decay to craft "dog-whistle" messages to racially resentful whites, garnering votes for the Republican Party and helping justify limits on local autonomy in distressed cities. The othering of predominantly black industrial cities has served as the basis for disinvestment and deprivation that exacerbated the flight of people and capital. Decline, Hackworth contends, was manufactured both literally and rhetorically in an effort to advance austerity and punitive policies. Weaving together analyses of urban policy, movement conservatism, and market fundamentalism, Manufacturing Decline highlights the central role of racial reaction in creating the problems American cities still face.

In this landmark work of economic sociology, Lucien Karpik introduces the theory and practical tools needed to analyze markets for singularities. Singularities are goods and services that cannot be studied by standard methods because they are multidimensional, incommensurable, and of uncertain quality. Examples include movies, novels, music, artwork, fine wine, lawyers, and doctors. "Valuing the Unique" provides a theoretical framework to explain this important class of products and markets that for so long have eluded neoclassical economics. With this innovative theory - called the economics of singularities - Karpik shows that, because of the uncertainty and the highly subjective valuation of singularities, these markets are necessarily equipped with what he calls 'judgment devices' - such as labels, brands, guides, critics, and rankings - which provide consumers with the credible knowledge needed to make reasonable choices. He explains why these markets are characterized by the primacy of competition by qualities over competition by prices, and he identifies the conditions under which singularities are constructed or are in danger of losing their uniqueness. After demonstrating how combinations of the numerous and multiform judgment devices can be used to identify different market models, Karpik applies his analytical tools to the functioning of a large number of actual markets, including fine wines, movies, luxury goods, pop music, and legal services.

In Intersectionality as Critical Social Theory Patricia Hill Collins offers a set of analytical tools for those wishing to develop intersectionality’s capability to theorize social inequality in ways that would facilitate social change. While intersectionality helps shed light on contemporary social issues, Collins notes that it has yet to reach its full potential as a critical social theory. She contends that for intersectionality to fully realize its power, its practitioners must critically reflect on its assumptions, epistemologies, and methods. She places intersectionality in dialog with several theoretical traditions—from the Frankfurt school to black feminist thought—to sharpen its definition and foreground its singular critical purchase, thereby providing a capacious interrogation into intersectionality’s potential to reshape the world.

“追问一个人的情感是否发自内心，即情感的真与伪，这种提问本身没有什么意义，因为所有成年人的情感体验其实都是被训练的结果。”
一个人内心的情感体验，是某种关系的体现。无论是个人、团体还是阶层的情感表达，都无法忽视社会情感准则的教化训练。本书作为情感史研究的奠基之作，提出了情感表达、情感体制、情感导航、情感自由、情感痛苦等理论，并以“情感主义”为切入点，研究启蒙时代及法国大革命时期人们情感表达方式的变化及其意义。沙龙、共济会、咖啡馆等情感避难所的出现，是人们避免情感痛苦、追求情感自由的表现。人们在日记、通信、演讲中表露出对情感自由的向往，报纸刊物以及私人发行的小册子也在这方面发挥了引领作用。呼吁情感真挚、拒绝伪善成为人们在情感表达方面的基本要求。这种情感表达方式并不仅限于小说、戏剧等文学创作，而是成为一种社会行为规范，上升为一种政治上的“美德”。
由此，雷迪清晰勾勒出情感与认知、情感与理性、情感表达与文化之间的关系，在“硬邦邦”的“理性”材料之外，强调“情感有自身的历史”，使情感成为历史学的合理研究面向，为情感史的发展提供了坚实的理论支撑。
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专家推荐：
雷迪通过提出问题，提供一些关于集体情感变化及其限制的答案，开启了情感研究跨学科领域的新阶段。—— 《美国社会学杂志》
这是一项不同寻常的工作，既刺激又富有成效....雷迪的直觉是，情感不应该简单地从“思想”中区分出来，这种直觉发展得非常出色……我相信这本书将成为任何关于自我和情感的人类学中的必读书目。——纽约大学弗雷德·迈尔斯
这是一本深刻的学术著作，将成为快速发展的跨学科情感研究的核心。雷迪在心理学、人类学和历史学之间架起了桥梁，探讨了情感是管理与人类最亲密的关系的过程这一迷人的观点。
——基思·奥克利，多伦多大学教授，认知心理学家，小说家

《厌女》不是一部纯理论性著作，而是运用女性主义理论针对日本当代的各种社会现象的实践性分析。《厌女》处理了广泛的日本题材，其中既有文学性的，比如谈到小说家吉行淳之介、永井荷风、林真理子等，更多的则是社会性的。上野千鹤子谈到的许多现象，尤其是家庭的、婚姻的，在中国也有很类似的情况。知性的读者会从这些论述中获得强烈共鸣并得到理论上的指引。

罐头，我们最熟悉的食品包装，也是食物保存方式。它能长期存放又便于运输，跨越季节和地区限制，满足各种环境的需求。
但是在150年前，当它第一次出现在美国时，美国人对它满是疑惑：一个不透明罐子里的食物安全吗？此后，又是什么原因让罐头逐渐成为美国人不可或缺的生活必需品？跟着本书作者来一次“罐头之旅”吧：
· 美国南北战争带动了罐头牛奶的产量，促进了罐头产业的发展。
· 豌豆罐头经历了罐头商、农民和科学家们的共同努力才有了现在的美味。
· 罐头工业的第一次危机居然是因为橄榄罐头中的肉毒杆菌！
· 番茄罐头上的等级便签能让消费者满意吗？
· 金枪鱼罐头代表了“二战”后美国罐头食品的热潮。
· BPA导致了金宝汤公司开始放弃“罐头”产品。
在美味的罐头背后，是否还藏着其他不为人知的秘密？
“这是一段引人入胜的重要历史，展示了罐头食品的加工、营销与政治化过程，这也是如今厨房中加工和包装食品的由来。”
——本杰明•科恩，《耕耘笔记：美国农村中的科学、土壤与社会》作者。
“读罢此书，再打开豌豆、西红柿或金枪鱼罐头时，你便能品味到其中蕴含的历史。”
——格雷格•米特曼，《呼吸空间：过敏如何塑造我们的生活与景观》作者。

Citizenship 2.0 focuses on an important yet overlooked dimension of globalization: the steady rise in the legitimacy and prevalence of dual citizenship. Demand for dual citizenship is particularly high in Latin America and Eastern Europe, where more than three million people have obtained a second citizenship from EU countries or the United States. Most citizenship seekers acquire EU citizenship by drawing on their ancestry or ethnic origin; others secure U.S. citizenship for their children by strategically planning their place of birth. Their aim is to gain a second, compensatory citizenship that would provide superior travel freedom, broader opportunities, an insurance policy, and even a status symbol.
Drawing on extensive interviews and fieldwork, Yossi Harpaz analyzes three cases: Israelis who acquire citizenship from European-origin countries such as Germany or Poland; Hungarian-speaking citizens of Serbia who obtain a second citizenship from Hungary (and, through it, EU citizenship); and Mexicans who give birth in the United States to secure American citizenship for their children. Harpaz reveals the growth of instrumental attitudes toward citizenship: individuals worldwide increasingly view nationality as rank within a global hierarchy rather than as a sanctified symbol of a unique national identity.
Citizenship 2.0 sheds light on a fascinating phenomenon that is expected to have a growing impact on national identity, immigration, and economic inequality.

How do we place value on goods - and, importantly, why? Valuation and pricing are core issues in the market economy, but understanding of these concepts and their interrelation is weak. In response, The Worth of Goods takes a sociological approach to the perennial but timely question of what makes a product valuable. Structured in three parts, it first examines value in the broader sense - moral values and how they are formed, and the relations between economic and non-economic values - discussing such matters as the value of an oil spill, the price of a scientific paper, value in ethical consumption, and imaginative value. The second part discusses the issues surrounding valuation in aesthetic markets, specifically wine, fashion models, art, and the creative industries. The third part analyzes valuation in financial markets - credit rating agencies, stock exchange markets, and industrial production. This pioneering volume brings together leading social scientists to provide a range of theoretical tools and case studies for understanding price and the creation of value in markets within social and cultural contexts and preconditions. It is an important source for scholars in economics, sociology, anthropology, and political science interested in how markets work, and how value is established.

More than one million American children are schooled by their parents. As their ranks grow, home schoolers are making headlines by winning national spelling bees and excelling at elite universities. The few studies conducted suggest that homeschooled children are academically successful and remarkably well socialized. Yet we still know little about this alternative to one of society’s most fundamental institutions. Beyond a vague notion of children reading around the kitchen table, we don’t know what home schooling looks like from the inside.
Sociologist Mitchell Stevens goes behind the scenes of the homeschool movement and into the homes and meetings of home schoolers. What he finds are two very different kinds of home education—one rooted in the liberal alternative school movement of the 1960s and 1970s and one stemming from the Christian day school movement of the same era. Stevens explains how this dual history shapes the meaning and practice of home schooling today. In the process, he introduces us to an unlikely mix of parents (including fundamentalist Protestants, pagans, naturalists, and educational radicals) and notes the core values on which they agree: the sanctity of childhood and the primacy of family in the face of a highly competitive, bureaucratized society.
Kingdom of Children aptly places home schoolers within longer traditions of American social activism. It reveals that home schooling is not a random collection of individuals but an elaborate social movement with its own celebrities, networks, and characteristic lifeways. Stevens shows how home schoolers have built their philosophical and religious convictions into the practical structure of the cause, and documents the political consequences of their success at doing so.
Ultimately, the history of home schooling serves as a parable about the organizational strategies of the progressive left and the religious right since the 1960s.Kingdom of Children shows what happens when progressive ideals meet conventional politics, demonstrates the extraordinary political capacity of conservative Protestantism, and explains the subtle ways in which cultural sensibility shapes social movement outcomes more generally.

From TV’s “real housewives” to The Wolf of Wall Street, our popular culture portrays the wealthy as materialistic and entitled. But what do we really know about those who live on “easy street”? In this penetrating book, Rachel Sherman draws on rare in-depth interviews that she conducted with fifty affluent New Yorkers—including hedge fund financiers and corporate lawyers, professors and artists, and stay-at-home mothers—to examine their lifestyle choices and their understanding of privilege. Sherman upends images of wealthy people as invested only in accruing and displaying social advantages for themselves and their children. Instead, these liberal elites, who believe in diversity and meritocracy, feel conflicted about their position in a highly unequal society. They wish to be “normal,” describing their consumption as reasonable and basic and comparing themselves to those who have more than they do rather than those with less. These New Yorkers also want to see themselves as hard workers who give back and raise children with good values, and they avoid talking about money.
Although their experiences differ depending on a range of factors, including whether their wealth was earned or inherited, these elites generally depict themselves as productive and prudent, and therefore morally worthy, while the undeserving rich are lazy, ostentatious, and snobbish. Sherman argues that this ethical distinction between “good” and “bad” wealthy people characterizes American culture more broadly, and that it perpetuates rather than challenges economic inequality.
As the distance between rich and poor widens, Uneasy Street not only explores the real lives of those at the top but also sheds light on how extreme inequality comes to seem ordinary and acceptable to the rest of us.

Cut Adrift makes an important and original contribution to the national conversation about inequality and risk in American society. Set against the backdrop of rising economic insecurity and rolled-up safety nets, Marianne Cooper’s probing analysis explores what keeps Americans up at night. Through poignant case studies, she reveals what families are concerned about, how they manage their anxiety, whose job it is to worry, and how social class shapes all of these dynamics, including what is even worth worrying about in the first place. This powerful study is packed with intriguing discoveries ranging from the surprising anxieties of the rich to the critical role of women in keeping struggling families afloat. Through tales of stalwart stoicism, heart-wrenching worry, marital angst, and religious conviction, Cut Adrift deepens our understanding of how families are coping in a go-it-alone age—and how the different strategies on which affluent, middle-class, and poor families rely upon not only reflect inequality, but fuel it.

Two young women, dormitory mates, embark on their education at a big state university. Five years later, one is earning a good salary at a prestigious accounting firm. With no loans to repay, she lives in a fashionable apartment with her fiance. The other woman, saddled with burdensome debt and a low GPA, is still struggling to finish her degree in tourism. In an era of skyrocketing tuition and mounting concern over whether college is "worth it," Paying for the Party is an indispensable contribution to the dialogue assessing the state of American higher education. A powerful expose of unmet obligations and misplaced priorities, it explains in vivid detail why so many leave college with so little to show for it. Drawing on findings from a five-year interview study, Elizabeth Armstrong and Laura Hamilton bring us to the campus of "MU," a flagship Midwestern public university, where we follow a group of women drawn into a culture of status seeking and sororities. Mapping different pathways available to MU students, the authors demonstrate that the most well-resourced and seductive route is a "party pathway" anchored in the Greek system and facilitated by the administration. This pathway exerts influence over the academic and social experiences of all students, and while it benefits the affluent and well-connected, Armstrong and Hamilton make clear how it seriously disadvantages the majority. Eye-opening and provocative, Paying for the Party reveals how outcomes can differ so dramatically for those whom universities enroll.

How do dealers price contemporary art in a world where objective criteria seem absent? "Talking Prices" is the first book to examine this question from a sociological perspective. On the basis of a wide range of qualitative and quantitative data, including interviews with art dealers in New York and Amsterdam, Olav Velthuis shows how contemporary art galleries juggle the contradictory logics of art and economics. In doing so, they rely on a highly ritualized business repertoire. For instance, a sharp distinction between a gallery's museumlike front space and its businesslike back space safeguards the separation of art from commerce. Velthuis shows that prices, far from being abstract numbers, convey rich meanings to trading partners that extend well beyond the works of art. A high price may indicate not only the quality of a work but also the identity of collectors who bought it before the artist's reputation was established. Such meanings are far from unequivocal. For some, a high price may be a symbol of status; for others, it is a symbol of fraud. Whereas sociological thought has long viewed prices as reducing qualities to quantities, this pathbreaking and engagingly written book reveals the rich world behind these numerical values. Art dealers distinguish different types of prices and attach moral significance to them. Thus the price mechanism constitutes a symbolic system akin to language.