朝鲜
Marching Through Suffering 豆瓣
作者: Sandra Fahy Columbia University Press 2015 - 4
Marching Through Suffering is a deeply personal portrait of the ravages of famine and totalitarian politics in modern North Korea since the 1990s. Featuring interviews with more than thirty North Koreans who defected to Seoul and Tokyo, the book explores the subjective experience of the nation's famine and its citizens' social and psychological strategies for coping with the regime.
These oral testimonies show how ordinary North Koreans, from farmers and soldiers to students and diplomats, framed the mounting struggles and deaths surrounding them as the famine progressed. Following the development of the disaster, North Koreans deployed complex discursive strategies to rationalize the horror and hardship in their lives, practices that maintained citizens' loyalty to the regime during the famine and continue to sustain its rule today. Casting North Koreans as a diverse people with a vast capacity for adaptation rather than as a monolithic entity passively enduring oppression, Marching Through Suffering positions personal history as key to the interpretation of political violence.
The Real North Korea 豆瓣
作者: Andrei Lankov Oxford University Press 2014
Andrei Lankov has gone where few outsiders have ever been. A native of the former Soviet Union, he lived as an exchange student in North Korea in the 1980s. He has studied it for his entire career, using his fluency in Korean and personal contacts to build a rich, nuanced understanding.
In The Real North Korea, Lankov substitutes cold, clear analysis for the overheated rhetoric surrounding this opaque police state. After providing an accessible history of the nation, he turns his focus to what North Korea is, what its leadership thinks, and how its people cope with living in such an oppressive and poor place. He argues that North Korea is not irrational, and nothing shows this better than its continuing survival against all odds. A living political fossil, it clings to existence in the face of limited resources and a zombie economy, manipulating great powers despite its weakness. Its leaders are not ideological zealots or madmen, but perhaps the best practitioners of Machiavellian politics that can be found in the modern world. Even though they preside over a failed state, they have successfully used diplomacy-including nuclear threats-to extract support from other nations. But while the people in charge have been ruthless and successful in holding on to power, Lankov goes on to argue that this cannot continue forever, since the old system is slowly falling apart. In the long run, with or without reform, the regime is unsustainable. Lankov contends that reforms, if attempted, will trigger a dramatic implosion of the regime. They will not prolong its existence.
Based on vast expertise, this book reveals how average North Koreans live, how their leaders rule, and how both survive.
2017年8月9日 已读
朝鲜危机最大的受害者是无法发声的2000万朝鲜民众,金氏王朝的一切荒谬行为归根到底只是保命的生存策略。近在咫尺的韩国的成功,是朝鲜体系稳定的最大威胁,这反而成为朝鲜这种前所未见的封闭的根本原因。长远看来,现行体制必定崩溃,只是这过程将极为不确定。
2022年7月16日 评论 The Real North Korea,悲悯、务实的一本好书 - 五星好评! 看过几本美国人写的朝鲜,套路都是揭发金氏家族治国之无能,统治之残暴,国际上之流氓。这本书也有这些,但作为历史学家,作者更加关注这些现象背后,朝鲜统治阶级的动机是什么,有什么解决方案走出目前的困境?未来可能的演化路径是什么样的?如何采取必要的措施将未来几乎一定会发生的巨变中的人道主义灾难损失尽量降低?这本书的作者充分展示了一个悲天悯人,关注苍生的学者的情怀。 朝鲜统治阶级绝不像美国讽刺片里面描述的那般疯狂和非理性,他们的一切“疯狂”行为,比如勒紧腰带造原子弹和导弹,对内的严酷控制和荒谬洗脑,其实都是为了保全自身统治的理性行为。在中美俄日韩五国之间制造危机,敲诈国际援助,已经成为屡试不爽的生存策略。失去了冷战时期社会主义阵营无条件的经济支持,又不改革经济体制提高自给率,只剩下通过制造国际危机敲诈外援维持生存这一条路。相反,美韩日作为民主政体,每几年就换一拨人来应对,政策总在强硬和温和两极摇摆,缺乏长远坚持一致的策略。 朝鲜坚持不走中国改开路线,是因为统治阶级被自身一贯实施的高压封锁政策绑架。一直以来,朝鲜对内宣传“南朝鲜人民生活在美帝国主义和汉城傀儡政权的剥削之下,生活无比悲惨”。而事实上韩国早在70年代就开始经济起飞,如今已是毫无争议的发达国家,其繁荣和富庶,普通民众的高生活水平,一旦被朝鲜民众广泛了解,一定会对统治阶级的合法性和统治体系的稳定性造成剧烈冲击。由于朝鲜与韩国距离之近,任何经济上的改革和开放措施,都不可避免地带来这种信息交流和冲击。近年来的若干朝韩合作项目,以及通过中国边境渗透的韩国影视内容,已经逐渐腐蚀朝鲜社会的铁板一块的信仰。金日成时代的若干基础制度,如近乎全员就业于国营单位,制度化的政治学习和洗脑,粮食配给制度等,在1990年代的饥荒时期被迫放松或放弃之后,再也不可能恢复到原先的强度。基于以上理由,虽然拒绝开放,但朝鲜的旧体制的逐渐崩溃几乎是无法避免的,只是在何时以何种方式到来的问题。 在所有相关方中,最悲惨然而又最容易被忽视的是两千多万朝鲜人民,他们毫无选择权,被命运之手置于一个悲惨的境地,而百里之外同文同种的南韩同胞却能够享受经济发展和全球化带来的富足生活。这其间浪费的人力和生命,实在让人感叹。早日结束金氏家族的统治,就可以早一点结束这种无谓的人道灾难。作者认为,最好的办法是“和平演变”的策略,即设法增加朝鲜和外界的信息交流,逐渐让更多朝鲜人,最好是较外围的精英阶层成员接触到外面的世界,从而产生对于体制的质疑,在合适的时机,也许会促成由内而外的改变。而这种改变几乎一定会带来南北韩的统一。 但是由于朝鲜的压迫统治强度之剧烈,南北之间经济发展差距之大,统一绝不是一个简单短期的问题,必须抛弃理想主义的“正义观”,以更加务实的态度和措施,以求减少整合过程中的负面影响。作为一个历史学家,作者从来不相信所谓“善恶终有报”,历史上有太多好人不长命,坏蛋寿百年的例子,并且除了历史上的评价之外,作恶的人自身并未得到任何惩罚。改变之后的朝鲜,很可能仍然是被旧精英阶层的成员及其子女占据较高的社会经济阶层。任何试图算清过去旧账的行为,都可能带来长期的社会分裂和危机,甚至是内战。从最大多数民众的福祉出发,寻求适当的妥协,虽然有违理想主义者的“良心”,然而却是最为务实和有利的选择。
2017 上图 朝鲜 英文
我們最幸福:北韓人民的真實生活 豆瓣 Goodreads
Nothing to Envy: Ordinary Lives in North Korea
9.0 (160 个评分) 作者: Barbara Demick / 芭芭拉·德米克 译者: 黃煜文 麥田出版社 2011 - 5
朝鮮向來是個外人難以深入、臆測的一個祕密國度。
夜空中,整個朝鮮地區都是黑的,那黑暗訴說著人民深不可測的痛苦,有時卻又穿插著零星微弱的希望曙光……

與燈光閃耀的南韓相比,北韓好似黑夜與白晝。在這裡,飢荒奪去了數百萬人的性命,製造和貿易幾乎停止,經濟崩潰,醫療機制失敗,人們習慣於行走在要跨越屍體倒臥在街頭。

朝鮮曾遭受兩次悲劇。第一個是朝鮮半島分裂的二戰結束時(史達林安扶植金正日作為蘇聯在朝鮮的代理人),第二悲劇是蘇聯的崩潰(在後蘇聯時代,朝鮮遭受短缺,電力,自來水和食物)。金日成和金正日藉機創造了個人崇拜的一種痴迷的支持,自我監督的社會。本書透過生動地描寫六個勇敢的叛逃者的悲哀生命,投射出現實生活中集權主義的本質。

《我們最幸福》作為一個故事它確實引人入勝,但實質上則作為一種政治信息的描述:看這個極權主義鎮壓下可怕的朝鮮共和國是如何成功地讓人民對外部世界完全一無所悉,以及他們如何避免內部政權的垮台?其中究竟暗藏了什麼樣的詭計?

從六名平凡百姓的生活中,我們對北韓有了超乎以往的認識。
2014年8月12日 已读
投胎到北朝鲜真是一个悲剧,从1945年至今在那片土地上曾经生活过的几千万人实在是运气不佳。所有帮助维持金家王朝的人,都负有道义上的责任。历史终将会揭开黑暗的幕布,将那里的罪恶和灾难暴露于阳光下。金氏家族的恶名,也注定要遗臭万年。
2014 ipad 朝鲜 电子书
Rogue Regime 豆瓣 谷歌图书
作者: Jasper Becker OUP USA 2005 - 7
What happens when a dictator wins absolute power and isolates a nation from the outside world? In a nightmare of political theory stretched to madness, North Korea's Kim Jong Il made himself into a living god, surrounded by lies and flattery and beyond criticism. As over two million of his subjects starved to death, Kim Jong Il roamed between palaces staffed by the most beautiful girls in the country and stocked with the most expensive delicacies from around the world. Outside, the steel mills shut down, the trains stopped running, the power went out, and the hospitals ran out of medicine. When the population threatened to revolt, Kim imposed a reign of terror across the country, deceived the United Nations, and plundered the country's dwindling resources to become a nuclear power. Now tiny bankrupt North Korea is using her nuclear capability to blackmail the United States.Veteran correspondent Jasper Becker takes us inside one of the most secretive countries in the world, exposing the internal chaos, blind faith, rampant corruption, and terrifying cruelty of its rulers. Becker details the vain efforts to change North Korea by actors inside and outside the country and the dangers this highly volatile country continues to pose. Small, podgy and easily overlooked, Kim Jong Il has emerged from the shadow of his father to lead the most successful and dangerous rogue state of our times.This unique land, ruled by one family's megalomania and paranoia, seems destined to survive and linger on for some time, a menace to its own people and to the rest of the world. But should the nations of the world allow this regime to survive? That's the question with which this book concludes.
2013年10月27日 已读
这样一个对内镇压,对外勒索,不事生产,只知道一心一意维持一个家族最原始最凶残的王朝统治的所谓社会主义政权,实在是人类文明的耻辱。谁在帮助这个政权苟延残喘,谁就是无视两千万人生命的恶棍。且看这个流氓政权如何收场,我这辈子肯定能看到。
2013 上图 政治 朝鲜 英文