民主
獨裁者手冊:解析統治權力法則的真相(為什麼國家、公司領導者的「壞行為」永遠是「好政治」?) Goodreads 豆瓣 博客來 谷歌图书
The Dictator's Handbook: Why Bad Behavior is Almost Always Good Politics
9.1 (8 个评分) 作者: Bruce Bueno de Mesquita / Alastair Smith 译者: 王亦芎 遠流 2019 - 1 其它标题: 獨裁者手冊 / 獨裁者手冊:解析統治權力法則的真相(為什麼國家、公司領導者的「壞行為」永遠是「好政治」?)


  #5個任何政治制度下都得以成功的法則
  #13種奪權的方法
  #6個讓你永遠不會下台的建議
  #3大政治群體
 
  本書揭露了世界各地統治者權力法則運作的真相:
  不管表面上提出再多「國家價值、社會利益、理念與願景」,
  其背後的意圖永遠是延續自己的統治生涯,
  而我們可以如何利用統治者的意圖,
  改善國家的政治制度或公司的治理。
 
  不管是民主政體、企業、慈善組織還是獨裁國家的領導人,只有一個共通的特質:他們想要延續自己的統治。
 
  本書從這個基礎論點出發,大膽提出全新的單一架構理論,把我們所知的一切政治現實全部解構。那就是:國家沒有所謂的利益,人類才有。不管是非洲的獨裁國家還是亞洲的模範民主,領導者個人的利益與行動,永遠是驅動一切政治行為的力量。不管表面上提出再多「國家價值、社會利益、理念與願景」,背後的意圖永遠是延續自己的統治生涯。
 
  接著,作者提出了一套極為簡單的方法,可以供任何想要長久統治的人參考並照著辦。包括
  ・創造權力的三個基本群體:廣大人民、重要成員、關鍵核心群
  ・關鍵核心群的人數越少越好
  ・切忌讓任何支持者擁有不可取代的地位
  ・找到利益、控制利益、分配利益
  ・絕對不要把利益從支持者手上拿開
 
  只要理解政治運作的基本道理,我們就可以真正解讀每天在我們身旁發生的政治議題,包含「為什麼公司虧錢但高層享高薪」、「為什麼政客瘋狂舉債」、「為什麼立委選舉要採用小選區制度」、「為什麼財稅法規永遠是國會攻防的熱點」、「為什麼要尋求年輕選民的支持」、「為什麼要提出歡迎移民的政策」、「為什麼要一直擴張社會福利制度」,以及「為什麼一方面要為人民謀福,一方面又誓死反對敵對陣營的好倡議」等。
 
  本書大量引用讀者容易理解的歷史事實與社會現況為例證。最重要的是,書中提出了具體的建議,針對如何改革民主制度、如何改革公司治理、如何擴大民意基礎等等議題,使我們更容易改變成真。

名人推薦

  汪浩/牛津大學國際關係學博士
  沈清楷/輔仁大學哲學系副教授        
  胡忠信/歷史學者、電視、廣播主持人
  陳方隅/菜市場政治學共同編輯
  陳建守/「說書 Speaking of Books」創辦人
  黃哲斌/新聞工作者
  葉浩/政治大學政治系副教授
  各界推薦
  (按姓氏筆畫)
 
  ★這本書完美闡述了「民主制度的不完美」。沒有閱讀門檻、內容深具啟發性。—金融時報

  ★每位公民必讀!史上最佳政治主題書籍!—百萬觀看起跳政治主題網紅CGP Grey

  ★作者寫得非常清晰,論點非常聰明,而且旁徵博引,從經濟、企業、歷史、政治科學等領域引出大量例證。現實生活裡,幾乎找不到反證來駁倒作者提出的案例。—華爾街日報

  ★下次再有領導者宣稱自己「站在為了國家好的立場」在講話,請把「國家」兩個字用以下取代:「繼續執政」。—英國獨立報

  ★可以挑戰馬基維利《君王論》經典地位的新書出現了!這本書好棒,可以刺激我們思考。閱讀的時候,我發現我不但是「認同」書中看法,甚至是「被說服」了。—Enlightenment Economics.

  ★凱撒大帝、惠普公司、民粹集團、美式足球綠灣包裝隊…書中這些例子讓我們漸漸瞭解法治、國家治理、民主的原則。美國開國先聖一定會愛死這本書。—R. James Woolsey,美國國家情報總監

  ★本書讓我們對於政治系統有了更深入的瞭解。—Roger Myerson, 芝加哥大學經濟系榮譽教授

学术与政治之间 豆瓣
作者: 徐复观 著 九州出版社 2014 - 3
本书为新儒学代表人物徐复观先生全集之一种。《学术与政治之间》收录了徐复观赴台前后的时事评论和学术随笔,这段时期是徐复观从政治到学术转变的时期,他把从政的体验逐渐转化为对中国文化前途的体验,把这些深切的关怀倾泻在字里行间,所以他把这类文字定名为“学术与政治之间”。徐复观早年文笔辛辣,本书中的很多文章在当时都引起很大的反响、很多的争议,《我所了解的蒋总统的一面》,还曾引起了蒋介石的重视。值得一提的是,全集版《学术与政治之间》尽量还原了徐复观手订时的原貌,很多文章在大陆都还是第一次出版。
批评官员的尺度 豆瓣 Goodreads
Make No Law: The Sullivan Case and the First Amendment
8.8 (103 个评分) 作者: [美] 安东尼·刘易斯 译者: 何帆 北京大学出版社 2011 - 7
1960年,因为一则批评性广告,警察局长沙利文以诽谤为由,将《纽约时报》告上法庭,并申请巨额赔偿。两审失利后,几乎被各地政府官员相继提起的索赔逼至绝境的《纽约时报》,奋起上诉至联邦最高法院。九位大法官在“《纽约时报》诉沙利文案”中力挽狂澜,宣布“对公共事务的讨论应当不受抑制、充满活力并广泛公开”,维护了媒体、公民批评官员的自由。《纽约时报》资深记者、两度普利策奖得主安东尼•刘易斯,以翔实史料、生动笔触,系统回顾了这起新闻自由史上的里程碑案件,并循此为线,串接起美国人民争取言论自由的司法抗争历史,完美展现了霍姆斯、布兰代斯、汉德、沃伦、布伦南、布莱克、韦克斯勒等伟大法官和律师的形象。
野火集 豆瓣 Goodreads
野火集
8.7 (154 个评分) 作者: 龙应台 文汇出版社 2005 - 8
龙应台常常针对一种社会现象,一类具体事物,甚至于一个人、一句话、一件事,给予无情的透视和直接的批评,马上让人心有戚戚焉。这些事,就发生在周围,看得见,摸得着,那么具体、实在、确切;而内中的缘由、涵义、影响、作用,常人似乎无所感,一经点破;立时豁然开朗。
此次重新编整后推出的《野火集》,除了保留作者当年的“野火”文字,附加了作者对此文的感言,或对当时时代背景的补充说明,或观照了对文章产生的现实意义。并邀请二十位华语文学名人如柏杨、余秋雨等,为文或追忆或评析走过“野火时代”的台湾。
从投票到暴力 豆瓣
From Voting to Violence: Democratization and Nationalist Conflict
8.8 (5 个评分) 作者: [美] 杰克·斯奈德 译者: 吴强 三辉图书/中央编译出版社 2017 - 1
【内容简介】
“冷战”结束后,人们信心满满地宣称促进民主的传播能带来稳定与和平,然而战火和冲突、流血和屠戮依然持续不断。卢旺达大屠杀、科索沃战争、频繁发生在印度和高加索地区的族群冲突始终刺痛着我们的神经。
为什么民主化常常导致民族主义冲突?为什么有时冲突又没有发生?为什么国际社会的介入反而使冲突不断升级?本书以这三个问题为核心,深入研究了民族主义的四个经典案例:曾处于历史转折点上的德国、英国、法国和塞尔维亚。通过考证大量的文献资料,作者指出,民族主义狂热和族群暴力并非源于敌意文化间的“古老仇恨”,而是由于精英阶层为维持现有统治秩序所做的冒险决定。
如今,诸多发展中国家也面临着相似困境。本书的现实意义在于,作者评估了避免民族冲突的不同方案,继而提出有效的针对性政策,以防止历史悲剧再次上演。
···
【学者及媒体推荐】
在本书中,斯奈德提出,成熟的民主国家间倾向于避免动武,而正在向民主化转型中的国家在民族主义狂热面前则异常脆弱。本书重新审视了人们普遍接受的观念,在政策制定方面具有深远意义。
——弗朗西斯·福山(著名政治学家)
·
在这本重要的著作中,斯奈德很好地融合了理论洞见与历史研究,这是近年来在国际政治领域中最出色的著作之一。
——法里德·扎卡利亚(著名记者、《时代》杂志特约编辑)
·
在这个对全球民主浪潮欣喜期待的时代,本书是一剂使人清醒的良药。
——《纽约时报书评》
·
本书结构井然有序,行文清晰,因其与学界传统著述截然不同而备受关注,作者没有把“古老仇恨”视为民族主义冲突的源头,其关于民主启蒙和民族主义后果的分析非常令人信服。
——《出版人周刊》
···
【编辑推荐】
1、当所有国家都转化为成熟的民主国家时,世界就会和平吗?从20世纪最后十年以来不断爆发的局部冲突来看,答案没有那么简单:民主化有时会导致民族主义冲突,有时却不会。
2、美国哥伦比亚大学政治系教授杰克·斯奈德在本书中通过对18—19世纪的英国、二战前的德国、大革命时期的法国及一战前的塞尔维亚等历史案例的比较研究,撇除历史的泡沫,重新追溯民族主义狂热和族群暴力频发的源头。
3、本书表明,未经深思熟路而仓促地向民主社会过渡,可能引起一系列民族主义灾难。在完善的法律制度、社会共识、成熟的社会团体等制度化要素稳固加强之后,我们才可能开辟一条通往自由的大众政治道路。
总统告别演讲 (2017) 豆瓣
Presidential Farewell Speech
演员: 巴拉克·奥巴马
其它标题: Presidential Farewell Speech / 奥巴马告别演讲
THE PRESIDENT: Fellow citizens: For eight years, it has been my honor to serve as your President. The first decade of this new century has been a period of consequence — a time set apart. Tonight, with a thankful heart, I have asked for a final opportunity to share some thoughts on the journey that we have traveled together, and the future of our nation.
Five days from now, the world will witness the vitality of American democracy. In a tradition dating back to our founding, the presidency will pass to a successor chosen by you, the American people. Standing on the steps of the Capitol will be a man whose history reflects the enduring promise of our land. This is a moment of hope and pride for our whole nation. And I join all Americans in offering best wishes to President-Elect Obama, his wife Michelle, and their two beautiful girls.
Tonight I am filled with gratitude — to Vice President Cheney and members of my administration; to Laura, who brought joy to this house and love to my life; to our wonderful daughters, Barbara and Jenna; to my parents, whose examples have provided strength for a lifetime. And above all, I thank the American people for the trust you have given me. I thank you for the prayers that have lifted my spirits. And I thank you for the countless acts of courage, generosity, and grace that I have witnessed these past eight years.
This evening, my thoughts return to the first night I addressed you from this house — September the 11th, 2001. That morning, terrorists took nearly 3,000 lives in the worst attack on America since Pearl Harbor. I remember standing in the rubble of the World Trade Center three days later, surrounded by rescuers who had been working around the clock. I remember talking to brave souls who charged through smoke-filled corridors at the Pentagon, and to husbands and wives whose loved ones became heroes aboard Flight 93. I remember Arlene Howard, who gave me her fallen son’s police shield as a reminder of all that was lost. And I still carry his badge.
As the years passed, most Americans were able to return to life much as it had been before 9/11. But I never did. Every morning, I received a briefing on the threats to our nation. I vowed to do everything in my power to keep us safe.
Over the past seven years, a new Department of Homeland Security has been created. The military, the intelligence community, and the FBI have been transformed. Our nation is equipped with new tools to monitor the terrorists’ movements, freeze their finances, and break up their plots. And with strong allies at our side, we have taken the fight to the terrorists and those who support them. Afghanistan has gone from a nation where the Taliban harbored al Qaeda and stoned women in the streets to a young democracy that is fighting terror and encouraging girls to go to school. Iraq has gone from a brutal dictatorship and a sworn enemy of America to an Arab democracy at the heart of the Middle East and a friend of the United States.
There is legitimate debate about many of these decisions. But there can be little debate about the results. America has gone more than seven years without another terrorist attack on our soil. This is a tribute to those who toil night and day to keep us safe — law enforcement officers, intelligence analysts, homeland security and diplomatic personnel, and the men and women of the United States Armed Forces.
Our nation is blessed to have citizens who volunteer to defend us in this time of danger. I have cherished meeting these selfless patriots and their families. And America owes you a debt of gratitude. And to all our men and women in uniform listening tonight: There has been no higher honor than serving as your Commander-in-Chief.
The battles waged by our troops are part of a broader struggle between two dramatically different systems. Under one, a small band of fanatics demands total obedience to an oppressive ideology, condemns women to subservience, and marks unbelievers for murder. The other system is based on the conviction that freedom is the universal gift of Almighty God, and that liberty and justice light the path to peace.
This is the belief that gave birth to our nation. And in the long run, advancing this belief is the only practical way to protect our citizens. When people live in freedom, they do not willingly choose leaders who pursue campaigns of terror. When people have hope in the future, they will not cede their lives to violence and extremism. So around the world, America is promoting human liberty, human rights, and human dignity. We’re standing with dissidents and young democracies, providing AIDS medicine to dying patients — to bring dying patients back to life, and sparing mothers and babies from malaria. And this great republic born alone in liberty is leading the world toward a new age when freedom belongs to all nations.
For eight years, we’ve also strived to expand opportunity and hope here at home. Across our country, students are rising to meet higher standards in public schools. A new Medicare prescription drug benefit is bringing peace of mind to seniors and the disabled. Every taxpayer pays lower income taxes. The addicted and suffering are finding new hope through faith-based programs. Vulnerable human life is better protected. Funding for our veterans has nearly doubled. America’s air and water and lands are measurably cleaner. And the federal bench includes wise new members like Justice Sam Alito and Chief Justice John Roberts.
When challenges to our prosperity emerged, we rose to meet them. Facing the prospect of a financial collapse, we took decisive measures to safeguard our economy. These are very tough times for hardworking families, but the toll would be far worse if we had not acted. All Americans are in this together. And together, with determination and hard work, we will restore our economy to the path of growth. We will show the world once again the resilience of America’s free enterprise system.
Like all who have held this office before me, I have experienced setbacks. There are things I would do differently if given the chance. Yet I’ve always acted with the best interests of our country in mind. I have followed my conscience and done what I thought was right. You may not agree with some of the tough decisions I have made. But I hope you can agree that I was willing to make the tough decisions.
The decades ahead will bring more hard choices for our country, and there are some guiding principles that should shape our course.
While our nation is safer than it was seven years ago, the gravest threat to our people remains another terrorist attack. Our enemies are patient, and determined to strike again. America did nothing to seek or deserve this conflict. But we have been given solemn responsibilities, and we must meet them. We must resist complacency. We must keep our resolve. And we must never let down our guard.
At the same time, we must continue to engage the world with confidence and clear purpose. In the face of threats from abroad, it can be tempting to seek comfort by turning inward. But we must reject isolationism and its companion, protectionism. Retreating behind our borders would only invite danger. In the 21st century, security and prosperity at home depend on the expansion of liberty abroad. If America does not lead the cause of freedom, that cause will not be led.
As we address these challenges — and others we cannot foresee tonight — America must maintain our moral clarity. I’ve often spoken to you about good and evil, and this has made some uncomfortable. But good and evil are present in this world, and between the two of them there can be no compromise. Murdering the innocent to advance an ideology is wrong every time, everywhere. Freeing people from oppression and despair is eternally right. This nation must continue to speak out for justice and truth. We must always be willing to act in their defense — and to advance the cause of peace.
President Thomas Jefferson once wrote, “I like the dreams of the future better than the history of the past.” As I leave the house he occupied two centuries ago, I share that optimism. America is a young country, full of vitality, constantly growing and renewing itself. And even in the toughest times, we lift our eyes to the broad horizon ahead.
I have confidence in the promise of America because I know the character of our people. This is a nation that inspires immigrants to risk everything for the dream of freedom. This is a nation where citizens show calm in times of danger, and compassion in the face of suffering. We see examples of America’s character all around us. And Laura and I have invited some of them to join us in the White House this evening.
We see America’s character in Dr. Tony Recasner, a principal who opened a new charter school from the ruins of Hurricane Katrina. We see it in Julio Medina, a former inmate who leads a faith-based program to help prisoners returning to society. We’ve seen it in Staff Sergeant Aubrey McDade, who charged into an ambush in Iraq and rescued three of his fellow Marines.
We see America’s character in Bill Krissoff — a surgeon from California. His son, Nathan — a Marine — gave his life in Iraq. When I met Dr. Krissoff and his family, he delivered some surprising news: He told me he wanted to join the Navy Medical Corps in honor of his son. This good man was 60 years old — 18 years above the age limit. But his petition for a waiver was granted, and for the past year he has trained in battlefield medicine. Lieutenant Commander Krissoff could not be here tonight, because he will soon deploy to Iraq, where he will help save America’s wounded warriors — and uphold the legacy of his fallen son.
In citizens like these, we see the best of our country - resilient and hopeful, caring and strong. These virtues give me an unshakable faith in America. We have faced danger and trial, and there’s more ahead. But with the courage of our people and confidence in our ideals, this great nation will never tire, never falter, and never fail.
It has been the privilege of a lifetime to serve as your President. There have been good days and tough days. But every day I have been inspired by the greatness of our country, and uplifted by the goodness of our people. I have been blessed to represent this nation we love. And I will always be honored to carry a title that means more to me than any other - citizen of the United States of America.
And so, my fellow Americans, for the final time: Good night. May God bless this house and our next President. And may God bless you and our wonderful country. Thank you. (Applause.)
民主的细节 豆瓣 Goodreads
8.2 (392 个评分) 作者: 刘瑜 上海三联书店 2009 - 6
这本书是作者过去几年给一些期刊报纸写的专栏文章结集,其中主要是给《南方人物周刊》的文章。全书中以讲故事的形式,把“美国的民主”这样一个概念性的东西拆解成点点滴滴的事件、政策和人物去描述。
民主的奇迹 豆瓣
Miracle at Philadelphia
7.1 (9 个评分) 作者: [美] 凯瑟琳·德林克·鲍恩 译者: 郑明萱 新星出版社 2013 - 7
★奇迹,源自最大限度的激辩与妥协。
★美国大中学生必读书 内地首次授权出版
★专家资中筠、贺卫方、刘苏里、刘瑜一致推荐
1787年夏,美国费城。一场原本只为修补旧条例而召开的联邦大会,结果演变成要制定一部闻所未闻的宪法。五十五位代表,平均年龄不到四十三岁,来自十二个立 场各异的州,代表不同的利益群体,激辩四个多月,有人出言威胁,有人离场抗议,连主席华盛顿都写道:“我真懊悔跟这档子事沾上关系。” 而正是在几近绝望的气氛里,会议缔造出世界上第一部成文宪法——美国宪法。这部宪法,孕育了当今世上最富强的国家。
这奇迹如何诞生?本书带你直击联邦制宪会议上唇枪舌剑的激斗,看美国先贤如何“吵出”开启两百多年国运的不朽文献!
◎ 许多历史学家花费笔墨描写这个特殊的“奇迹”,但没有人能写得比这位美国一流的传记作家更生动。——《科克斯书评》
◎所有讲述联邦制宪会议的著作中可读性最强的一部。——《图书周刊》
◎美利坚合众国宪法已为世人所熟知,而宪法诞生的艰难曲折过程鲜为人知。这一过程的深远意义可能超过宪法本身。200多年前,一群特殊的人物在费城完成了一件当时看来几乎不可完成之事。本书以小说的笔法生动地再现了那历史场景、个性各异的人物和尖锐对立的政见。最后居然“求同存异”于一部宪法中,书名“奇迹”决非夸大。专业学者和一般读者都可从轻松的阅读中获益良多。——资中筠(国际政治及美国研究专家、中国社会科学院荣誉学部委员)
◎ 225年前,被富兰克林称为“一次实验”的那场历经127天的美国制宪会议,犹如宇宙洪荒,开天辟地。本质上,它是人类进入民族-国家时代一次空前的建国行动。事实上,导致它失败的因素,远远大于成功——南北邦之争、大小邦之争,农工邦之争,以及随时展开的新(西部)老(东部)邦之争……即使围绕《弗吉尼亚方案》展开的辩论,任何一项主要条款,都会使会议毁于一旦,但它最后成功了。其成功要件,是规则、隐忍和妥协。本书力求回到制宪会议现场,还原会议时代背景,论人论事,无不活灵活现。比麦迪逊《辩论》引人入胜的,是作品补充了宪法草案批准过程中,同样充满博弈的精彩故事。它予后世建国的启示,有甚于其后果的辉煌。——刘苏里(学者型书人、万圣书园经营者、中国图书市场的民间观察者)
社会契约论 豆瓣
Du Contrat Social
9.1 (40 个评分) 作者: [法] 让-雅克·卢梭 译者: 李平沤 商务印书馆 2011 - 4
《社会契约论》是一部政治哲学著作。它探讨的是政治权利的原理,它的主旨是为人民民主主权的建立奠定理论基础。它的问世,是时代的需要,是人类社会向前进步的产物;它正确回答了历史进程提出的问题:法国命运的航船驶向何方。
人类是幸运的,人民是伟大的,在历史发展的紧要关头,总有人指引前进的道路,人民总能及时做出正确的抉择。“在18世纪的法国政治思想领域里,存在着三种改革国家政治制度的学说:孟德斯鸠主张立宪君主制,伏尔泰主张开明的君主制,而卢梭主张民主共和制。
辩护人 (2013) 豆瓣 TMDB
변호인
9.0 (1205 个评分) 导演: 杨宇硕 演员: 宋康昊 / 金英爱
其它标题: 변호인 / 逆权大状(港)
1978年,只有高中学历的宋佑硕(宋康昊 饰)通过多年的艰苦努力,终于通过司法考试,并在成为法官后很快转行成为一名律师。他敏锐地从最新政策中嗅到商机,以不动产代书业务起家。虽然被同行讥讽为随时随地派发名片的夜店小弟,但佑硕不以为忤,一步一步朝着心中的目标迈进。他依靠赚来的钱让妻儿过上富足的生活,也还了七年前在饭店大婶那里欠下的良心债。进入20世纪80年代,韩国民主化斗争愈演愈烈。佑硕全然不管窗外事,关起门来继续赚钱。然而社会的巨变已经不容他置身事外,饭店大婶的儿子朴镇宇因从属的釜山读书联合会被控为左翼社团而遭到逮捕,更受到残酷的虐待和不公的指控。
虽然爱钱却更重感情的佑硕,就这样走上了为民主辩护的道路……
2016年12月18日 看过
韩国的优秀电影往往会直接或者间接地呈现人和政府的冲突,在这个过程中突出人性的难能可贵。或许会吐槽韩国政府人员多么不靠谱,但是这个国家就是这样才一步步走到今天啊。这样的反思能力和包容能力,或许正是国产电影缺少的吧 @2016-12-18 19:45:37
2013 人性 剧情 律政 感人