美国文学
Moby-Dick or, The Whale 豆瓣 Goodreads
Moby-Dick; or, The Whale
作者: Herman Melville Penguin Classics 2003 - 2
"It is the horrible texture of a fabric that should be woven of ships' cables and hawsers. A Polar wind blows through it, and birds of prey hover over it."
So Melville wrote of his masterpiece, one of the greatest works of imagination in literary history. In part, Moby-Dick is the story of an eerily compelling madman pursuing an unholy war against a creature as vast and dangerous and unknowable as the sea itself. But more than just a novel of adventure, more than an encyclopaedia of whaling lore and legend, the book can be seen as part of its author's lifelong meditation on America. Written with wonderfully redemptive humour, Moby-Dick is also a profound inquiry into character, faith, and the nature of perception.
This edition of Moby-Dick, which reproduces the definitive text of the novel, includes invaluable explanatory notes, along with maps, illustrations, and a glossary of nautical terms.
2021年4月22日 已读
历时两个月,终于读完了。以后我就可以说,虽然我没有读完全本红楼梦,但我读完了 Moby Dick。
2021年4月22日 评论 Messy Review | Read Moby Dick by Herman Melville - 从 2 月 23 日读到今天,整整两个月,终于算是把这本书读完了,很开心自己没有中断过一天。在阅读过程中,我会把每个 Issue 读完之后的感受即摘录分享在一个 Twitter Thread 中(也是为了督促自己坚持读完),整理之后,就有了这篇文章。 按:二月份做完手术在家静养,受疫情期间很多人读名著启发,决定挑战一下有美国第一文学名著之称的 Moby Dick。 Moby Dick 全名 Moby Dick or, the Whale,中文通常译名为《白鲸记》。选这本书的原因是最近读 Yiyun Li 的小说比较多,非常喜欢,也因此读了一些她的访谈。她说有两本书自己每年都会读一遍,其中一本就是 Moby Dick (另一本是《战争与和平》),勾起了我极大的好奇心。 由于本书以冗长乏味著称,因此我决定用 Serial Reader 这个软件,用追连载的方式分段阅读。读到中段,从豆瓣网友那里了解到了一个 Moby Dick 的注释网站 Power Moby Dick ,成了阅读时最重要的辅助工具。虽然个人感觉里面有个别注释值得商榷,但如果你也想读完 Moby Dick 英文版,却苦于读不懂其中的典故以及过时的英语用法的话,强烈推荐。 全书 135 章,在 Serial Reader 中分为 79 Issues,建议每天读一个 Issue,我有空时会多读一些。从 2 月 23 日读到今天,整整两个月,终于算是把这本书读完了,很开心自己没有中断过一天。 在阅读过程中,我会把每个 Issue 读完之后的感受即摘录分享在一个 Twitter Thread 中(也是为了督促自己坚持读完),整理之后,就有了这篇文章。Yiyun Li 说她会鼓励学生写 Messy Story,那我这就算是一篇 Messy Review 吧。 以下内容大都来自这个 Twitter Thread 。 准备用 Serial Reader 这个 App 挑战一下 Moby Dick。全书共计 79 Issues,135 章。 虽然有冗长乏味的「恶名」,但查了一下字数也就二十万词,和《哈利波特与死亡圣器》字数差不多,没有想象中的恐怖。 Serial Reader 的版本没有 Front Matter,中间抽空读了一下。感觉如果作者读过《庄子·逍遥游》,尤其是 Frederic H. Balfour 的译本,一定会在摘录中把逍遥游开头这句话加上:In the northern ocean there is a fish, called the Leviathan. (北冥有鱼,其名为鲲。) Issue 1|第1章:虽然是一百多年前的作品,但并没有太多诘屈聱牙的古英语,文字非常流畅,第一章读起来有一种演讲稿的感觉。无论如何比 Ulysses 好读多了。#ReadMobyDick Issue 2|第2章+第3章一小半:因为对主题不熟悉,加上个别古英语单词,读起来有些慢。但可能正是由于这种慢,能够慢慢咀嚼里面每一句话,每一段描写,也不觉得枯燥。不过对于里面出现的大写字母开头的词(往往是人名、地名和典故),还是有些头疼。 Issue 3|第3章中段:但凡叙事和描写的桥段总是比较容易读,也是我目前的水平最能欣赏的部分。 Issue 4|第3章最后部分:对那个猎头族的描写有一种看卫斯理小说的感觉。在资讯不发达的时代,这故事应该挺有意思的。 Issue 5|第4&5章:体会到了大家说的冗长是什么意思,但是如果把每一段的描述都当成是独立的见闻去看,也根本没必要匆忙。甚至能够从中读出一点意识流的味道。 Issue 6|第6–8章:一些大写的地理和宗教专有名词开始造成困扰。好在之前读过老人与海,和船相关的一些名词困扰不大。其他一切都很顺畅,还看到了一个有意思的古英语单词 Methinks,北美英语中 Me Loves 的表达结构上与之神似。不知道有没有什么关系。 Issue 7|第9章:相当于听了一章捕鲸人版本的约拿书布道。 Issue 8|第10&11章:这两章进入了日常叙述和描写,一旦抛开各种不熟悉的宗教隐喻,就很容易体会到作者的功力以及词句的优美。 Issue 9|第12&13章:从豆瓣网友滕子京处得知一个网站 http://powermobydick.com 。对照着其中的注释,读起来更舒服了。Queequeg 的表现让人想起了武松或是武侠小说里的很多侠客。 Issue 10|第14&15章+第16章一小部分:14&15 两章好读,第16章开始又出现了各种术语和典故,对照着注释读着也磕磕绊绊,明天继续。 Issue 11|第16章中段:感觉对两位船长的描写挺有意思的,估计这两位是为了衬托即将出场的 Ahab? Issue 12|第16章最后部分:这部分谈到的捕鲸船的股份分配方式,感觉有点意思。也许很多人认为这正是无聊的源泉。 Issue 13|第17章:Ishmael 哪怕对 Queequeg 的异教斋戒仪式如此害怕和不满,甚至都开始说教了,最终还是保持着最基本的尊重。虽然双方互相不理解,但也并未因此决裂。这种个人之间的互相尊重和互不干涉也算一种文明之光。 Issue 14|第18&19章:看到了将信仰与现实分开对待的船长,也看到了传奇小说的要素「预言」。 Issue 15|第20&21章:对于未来可能的危险,感觉暗示的有些太明显了,当代小说如果这么写可能就没人看了。Queequeg 谈到他们部落里把人当沙发倒是挺有意思的,虽然感觉是作者纯虚构的? Issue 16|第22&23章:终于起航了。如同《东方快车谋杀案》不怕泄底,这种经典名著的看点其实并不在悬念(虽然悬念也算抓人)。随便一段话,只要能读得顺畅(比如大多数接近现代英语表达的段落),就会让你情不自禁沉浸其中。 With all her might she crowds all sail off shore; in so doing, fights ’gainst the very winds that fain would blow her homeward; seeks all the lashed sea’s landlessness again; for refuge’s sake forlornly rushing into peril; her only friend her bitterest foe! Issue 17|第24–26章:可能是受社交网络影响严重,24和25这两章怎么读怎么像 Ishmael 在和杠精辩论。第26章描述大副星巴克(Starbuck)的个人特点,其中一段话让我想起了 Game of Thrones 开头那段「一个人只有在害怕的时候才可能真正勇敢」的说法。摘录两段如下: “I will have no man in my boat,” said Starbuck, “who is not afraid of a whale.” By this, he seemed to mean, not only that the most reliable and useful courage was that which arises from the fair estimation of the encountered peril, but that an utterly fearless man is a far more dangerous comrade than a coward. Starbuck was no crusader after perils; in him courage was not a sentiment; but a thing simply useful to him, and always at hand upon all mortally practical occasions. Besides, he thought, perhaps, that in this business of whaling, courage was one of the great staple outfits of the ship, like her beef and her bread, and not to be foolishly wasted. Issue 18|第27&28章:第27章中对二副的性格描述让我在美国很多其他文学作品中找到了对应,比如流行的硬汉派推理小说主人公或多或少就是这种性格,感觉这就是美国精神的一种。随手摘录一句:taking perils as they came with an indifferent air。后面对三副的描写也有类似的感觉。第28章 Captain Ahab 终于登场了,等得我好辛苦。 Issue 19|第29–31章:充满隐喻的三章。我最喜欢中间简短的第30章,Ahab 船长说不抽烟就不抽烟这种决绝,让我想起了很多故事。比如,有人突然推开麻将桌说:「太无聊了。」然后从此再也没打过麻将,潜心学术,颇有一番造诣。这是一种情绪、阅历、精神状态,各种微妙的东西累积之后产生的顿悟,并且是大彻大悟。 Some moments passed, during which the thick vapour came from his mouth in quick and constant puffs, which blew back again into his face. “How now,” he soliloquized at last, withdrawing the tube, “this smoking no longer soothes. Oh, my pipe! hard must it go with me if thy charm be gone! Here have I been unconsciously toiling, not pleasuring—aye, and ignorantly smoking to windward all the while; to windward, and with such nervous whiffs, as if, like the dying whale, my final jets were the strongest and fullest of trouble. What business have I with this pipe? This thing that is meant for sereneness, to send up mild white vapours among mild white hairs, not among torn iron-grey locks like mine. I’ll smoke no more—” He tossed the still lighted pipe into the sea. The fire hissed in the waves; the same instant the ship shot by the bubble the sinking pipe made. With slouched hat, Ahab lurchingly paced the planks. —Chapter 30 Issue 20&21|第32章:一部简短的鲸类百科全书。其中我比较在意的是,里面很多虚构的内容并不会被读者或注释者认为是错误,比如作者一定要把鲸归为鱼类,比如作者一定要认为抹香鲸是世界上最大的动物(怪物?)。这种对作者的宽容,今日已不复存在,哪怕作者写的是虚构作品。有一句话很有意思,我摘录如下:Nevertheless, though of real knowledge there be little, yet of books there are a plenty… 另有一句话,感觉可以当作建筑师的宣言了:I am the architect, not the builder. Issue 22|第33&34章:第 34 章读到了 Chief Logan 的典故,读了他的 Logan’s Lament ,令人动容。 Issue 23|第35章:根据这一章的说法,哪怕我身体允许,恐怕也成不了一个好水手了。因为我可能真的会在桅杆之上因为思考而出神,最终穿过空气坠入大海。 For the most part, in this tropic whaling life, a sublime uneventfulness invests you; you hear no news; read no gazettes; extras with startling accounts of commonplaces never delude you into unnecessary excitements; you hear of no domestic afflictions; bankrupt securities; fall of stocks; are never troubled with the thought of what you shall have for dinner—for all your meals for three years and more are snugly stowed in casks, and your bill of fare is immutable. Issue 24|第36章:Captain Ahab 的复仇宣言与作战动员何其相似。星巴克(Starbuck)大副实在是难得的清醒的人,当然也是一个交织着勇敢与懦弱的人。 Issue 25|第37–40章:第37章中 Captain Ahab 表示出来的 be the prophet and the fulfiller one 的决心,与 Alan Kay 的 The best way to predict the future is to invent it 真实遥相呼应。到这一章,我也被蛊惑了。 What I’ve dared, I’ve willed; and what I’ve willed, I’ll do! —Chapter 37 Now, then, be the prophet and the fulfiller one. —Chapter 37 第 38 章中星巴克(Starbuck)大副的内心活动 I plainly see my miserable office, —to obey, rebelling; and worse yet, to hate with touch of pity! 生动的描述了很多去星巴克(Starbucks)喝咖啡的白领工作时的状态。😂 I plainly see my miserable office,—to obey, rebelling; and worse yet, to hate with touch of pity!—Chapter 38 第39章中 Stubb 吟唱的这首诗真好(节选自 “Sparkling and Bright” by Charles Fenno Hoffman): “We’ll drink to-night with hearts as light, To love, as gay and fleeting As bubbles that swim, on the beaker’s brim, And break on the lips while meeting.” —Chapter 39 (—“Sparkling and Bright” by Charles Fenno Hoffman, a friend of Herman Melville’s who went insane in 1849) 第40 章基本按照戏剧的格式写成,我似乎明白了为什么现代小说中对话中,参与者每次说话都是独立成段的。 Issue 26|第41章:和书名同名的这章真是读起来最费力的一章,中间断了两次,终于读完了。 Forced into familiarity, then, with such prodigies as these; and knowing that after repeated, intrepid assaults, the White Whale had escaped alive; it cannot be much matter of surprise that some whalemen should go still further in their superstitions; declaring Moby Dick not only ubiquitous, but immortal (for immortality is but ubiquity in time); that though groves of spears should be planted in his flanks, he would still swim away unharmed; or if indeed he should ever be made to spout thick blood, such a sight would be but a ghastly deception; for again in unensanguined billows hundreds of leagues away, his unsullied jet would once more be seen. Issue 27|第42章:本章长度和上一章相当,但或许是因为内容更贴近自己原有的知识,或许是因为有了一定的阅读经验,读起来比上一章顺畅。这两章最痛苦的就是那种以 Nor 开头的双重否定长句,不过慢慢地琢磨出来了快速理清结构的方法。 本章讲「白色」带给人的一些感觉。那个年代的白人讲到白色,真是难免种族歧视。另外,意外知道了 albatross around one’s neck 这个俗语的出处。 Issue 28|第43&44章:人的欲望和思想幻化成生物的比喻,古已有之。Moby Dick 中这个比喻的加上了普罗米修斯,真是一大创新,普罗米修斯承受的惩罚,不正象征着人生的某种本质吗? God help thee, old man, thy thoughts have created a creature in thee; and he whose intense thinking thus makes him a Prometheus; a vulture feeds upon that heart for ever; that vulture the very creature he creates. —Chapter 44 Issue 29|第45章:果然那个年代的小说是能当电视剧看的,这一集讲了一堆故事证明抹香鲸的凶猛。 Issue 30|第46&47章+第48章一小部分:喜欢47章中这一段关于Fate / Free Will / Chance 的比喻。 There lay the fixed threads of the warp subject to but one single, ever returning, unchanging vibration, and that vibration merely enough to admit of the crosswise interblending of other threads with its own. This warp seemed necessity; and here, thought I, with my own hand I ply my own shuttle and weave my own destiny into these unalterable threads. Meantime, Queequeg’s impulsive, indifferent sword, sometimes hitting the woof slantingly, or crookedly, or strongly, or weakly, as the case might be; and by this difference in the concluding blow producing a corresponding contrast in the final aspect of the completed fabric; this savage’s sword, thought I, which thus finally shapes and fashions both warp and woof; this easy, indifferent sword must be chance—aye, chance, free will, and necessity—nowise incompatible—all interweavingly working together. The straight warp of necessity, not to be swerved from its ultimate course—its every alternating vibration, indeed, only tending to that; free will still free to ply her shuttle between given threads; and chance, though restrained in its play within the right lines of necessity, and sideways in its motions directed by free will, though thus prescribed to by both, chance by turns rules either, and has the last featuring blow at events. —Chapter 47 Issue 31|第48章最后部分:没想到第一次下海捕鲸就如此惊心动魄,这还不是 Moby Dick,就差点船毁人亡。 Though truly vivacious, tumultuous, ostentatious little Flask would now and then stamp with impatience; but not one added heave did he thereby give to the negro’s lordly chest. So have I seen Passion and Vanity stamping the living magnanimous earth, but the earth did not alter her tides and her seasons for that. —Chapter 48 Issue 32|第49&50章:这两章是第一次下海捕鲸的余韵。49 章,死里逃生后,Ishmael 问了Queequeg,二副和三副,这种情况是正常的吗,这三位告诉他,非常常见。目的应该是在 Moby Dick 出现之间制造一些气氛。50章主要讲 Captain Ahab 的私人部队,相对平淡。 Issue 33|第51&52章:Moby Dick 在月光下的喷出的银色水柱,让人不经想起盖茨比隔水遥望的绿光。都是可望而不可及的幻象。和前者一样,后者的凝视当中其实也包含着某种报复的欲望。 Mysteriously jetted into the clear moonlight, or starlight, as the case might be; disappearing again for one whole day, or two days, or three; and somehow seeming at every distinct repetition to be advancing still further and further in our van, this solitary jet seemed for ever alluring us on. —Chapter 51 These temporary apprehensions, so vague but so awful, derived a wondrous potency from the contrasting serenity of the weather, in which, beneath all its blue blandness, some thought there lurked a devilish charm, as for days and days we voyaged along, through seas so wearily, lonesomely mild, that all space, in repugnance to our vengeful errand, seemed vacating itself of life before our urn-like prow. —Chapter 51 这里的乌鸦,让我想起了太宰治写的日比谷会馆的「乌鸦」。虽然前者更多是一种预兆,后者其实指人,但都是让人喘不过气来的感觉。当然我想太宰治心中的乌鸦不是 Raven,是 Crow? Close to our bows, strange forms in the water darted hither and thither before us; while thick in our rear flew the inscrutable sea-ravens. And every morning, perched on our stays, rows of these birds were seen; and spite of our hootings, for a long time obstinately clung to the hemp, as though they deemed our ship some drifting, uninhabited craft; a thing appointed to desolation, and therefore fit roosting-place for their homeless selves. And heaved and heaved, still unrestingly heaved the black sea, as if its vast tides were a conscience; and the great mundane soul were in anguish and remorse for the long sin and suffering it had bred. —Chapter 51 环游世界:历经千难万险回到起点,我们离开的地方永远在我们前方。 Round the world! There is much in that sound to inspire proud feelings; but whereto does all that circumnavigation conduct? Only through numberless perils to the very point whence we started, where those that we left behind secure, were all the time before us. —Chapter 52 Issue 34|第53章+第54章一小部分:Gam在现在的词典上当然能查到了,哈哈哈,而且有一个意思还真的和鲸鱼有关。不过详细的含义确实不像书中解释的这样。 But what is a Gam? You might wear out your index-finger running up and down the columns of dictionaries, and never find the word. Dr. Johnson never attained to that erudition; Noah Webster’s ark does not hold it. Nevertheless, this same expressive word has now for many years been in constant use among some fifteen thousand true born Yankees. Certainly it needs a definition, and should be incorporated into the Lexicon. With that view, let me learnedly define it. GAM. Noun—A social meeting of two (or more) Whale-ships, generally on a cruising-ground; when, after exchanging hails, they exchange visits by boats’ crews: the two captains remaining, for the time, on board of one ship, and the two chief mates on the other. —Chapter 53 Issue 35&36|第54章剩余部分:54章是客栈里讲的传奇故事,有一种风陵渡口讲神雕大侠的感觉。这一章把 Moby Dick 神化了。 Issue 37|第55&56章:这两章讲了前人描绘的鲸鱼的样貌,第55章主要讲错误百出的鲸鱼图像,第56章讲相对逼真的图像。作者认为法国画家 Garnery (根据 Powermobydick.com, 应该是 Ambroise Louis Garneray )的两幅图相对精确,参考图如下。 Pic1. Peche du Cachalot by Garneray from powermobydick.com Pic2. South Sea Whale Fishery by Garneray from powermobydick.com 另外两幅作者认为值得一提的图如下: Pic3. Whaler at Anchor by Durand from powermobydick.com Pic4. Balenier Français en Peche by Durand from powermobydick.com Issue 38|第57–59章:继续阅读海洋生物百科全书。第 58 章的比喻非常精彩。 Noah’s flood is not yet subsided; two thirds of the fair world it yet covers. —Chapter 58 Consider all this; and then turn to this green, gentle, and most docile earth; consider them both, the sea and the land; and do you not find a strange analogy to something in yourself? For as this appalling ocean surrounds the verdant land, so in the soul of man there lies one insular Tahiti, full of peace and joy, but encompassed by all the horrors of the half known life. —Chapter 58 Issue 39|第60&61章:第60章讲了许多关于捕鲸索的细节,第61章记录了一次捕鲸过程。虽然知道这是过去,知道本书是虚构,但仍然觉得捕鲸实在是太残忍:那头有如在午后悠闲地抽着烟的乡绅的抹香鲸,究竟犯了什么错,要遭此厄运。 喜欢第60章的这个隐喻:风暴之前的平静,比风暴更可怕。生活的本身充满各种危险。 Again: as the profound calm which only apparently precedes and prophesies of the storm, is perhaps more awful than the storm itself; for, indeed, the calm is but the wrapper and envelope of the storm; and contains it in itself, as the seemingly harmless rifle holds the fatal powder, and the ball, and the explosion; so the graceful repose of the line, as it silently serpentines about the oarsmen before being brought into actual play—this is a thing which carries more of true terror than any other aspect of this dangerous affair. But why say more? All men live enveloped in whale-lines. All are born with halters round their necks; but it is only when caught in the swift, sudden turn of death, that mortals realize the silent, subtle, ever-present perils of life. And if you be a philosopher, though seated in the whale-boat, you would not at heart feel one whit more of terror, than though seated before your evening fire with a poker, and not a harpoon, by your side. —Chapter 60 Issue 40|第62&63章+第64章一小部分:第62&63两章又是对前文一些细节的补充说明,这种写法今天看起来还真有点新鲜。 Issue 41|第64章剩余部分+第65章:作者在第65章最后对「点着鲸油灯吃鲸鱼肉的(残酷)场景」作了一系列类比,让我想起来拿螃蟹钳子挖蟹肉吃的场景。 Issue 42|第66–68章:第66&67章讲捕鲸船在捕杀一头鲸鱼之后的作业:宰杀鲨鱼、割膘。第68章讲鲸鱼皮,里面对鲸鱼皮上的花纹与象形文字的比较,让我想起了卫斯理的一部小说《命运》,没记错的话,这部卫斯理小说的悬念在于某地岩石炸开之后呈现出的花纹和主人公为当地设计的建筑群图一样,为什么会出现这种几乎不可能是巧合的事情? 也很喜欢作者称赞鲸鱼「生活在这个世界上,却没有成为这个世界的一部分」这个视角。 It does seem to me, that herein we see the rare virtue of a strong individual vitality, and the rare virtue of thick walls, and the rare virtue of interior spaciousness. Oh, man! admire and model thyself after the whale! Do thou, too, remain warm among ice. Do thou, too, live in this world without being of it. Be cool at the equator; keep thy blood fluid at the Pole. Like the great dome of St. Peter’s, and like the great whale, retain, O man! in all seasons a temperature of thine own. —Chapter 68 Issue 43|第69–71章:第69章对于传统的隐喻,例子有些像刻舟求剑,但角度有些不一样。第71章中的疯疯癫癫的「大天使加百利」让我想到了阿西莫夫的机器人系列其中一篇讲到机器人成立自己的宗教。 Issue 44|第72章:这一章暹罗连体人的隐喻,道出了人类互相依存的本质。读到这里,我再回想之前听说的作者的话「你以跳蚤为题,决然写不出一部传世的伟大作品,尽管曾经有许多人这样试过」,感觉这其实并不是跳蚤小而鲸鱼大所导致的,而是因为捕鲸业者要做的事情太多,而对于跳蚤的生活,人类并没有多少参与。 Issue 45|第73章:拿洛克和康德的脑袋来比喻两头鲸鱼的脑袋,也是有意思。 As before, the Pequod steeply leaned over towards the sperm whale’s head, now, by the counterpoise of both heads, she regained her even keel; though sorely strained, you may well believe. So, when on one side you hoist in Locke’s head, you go over that way; but now, on the other side, hoist in Kant’s and you come back again; but in very poor plight. Thus, some minds for ever keep trimming boat. Oh, ye foolish! Throw all these thunder-heads overboard, and then you will float light and right. —Chapter 73 Issue 46|第74&75章:这两张对照了抹香鲸(Sperm Whale)和露脊鲸(Right Whale)的脑袋。下面是从 Power Moby-Dick 找到的参考图链接: 抹香鲸脑袋与露脊鲸脑袋对照图 下面这段话让我想起了 Parfit 在 Reasons and Persons 一书中关于裂脑人的思想实验: How is it, then, with the whale? True, both his eyes, in themselves, must simultaneously act; but is his brain so much more comprehensive, combining, and subtle than man’s, that he can at the same moment of time attentively examine two distinct prospects, one on one side of him, and the other in an exactly opposite direction? If he can, then is it as marvellous a thing in him, as if a man were able simultaneously to go through the demonstrations of two distinct problems in Euclid. Nor, strictly investigated, is there any incongruity in this comparison. —Chapter 74 是啊,为什么要开阔自己的心灵呢?Subtilize it。 Is it not curious, that so vast a being as the whale should see the world through so small an eye, and hear the thunder through an ear which is smaller than a hare’s? But if his eyes were broad as the lens of Herschel’s great telescope; and his ears capacious as the porches of cathedrals; would that make him any longer of sight, or sharper of hearing? Not at all.—Why then do you try to “enlarge” your mind? Subtilize it. —Chapter 74 另外,这两天事多,有些看不动,推进很慢。感觉经典必须在心态相对放松的情况下阅读。可是如果经典不能拯救那些在痛苦中的人,经典因何称其为经典?别的原因是什么?或者说,经典可以作为那些最终能够拯救灵魂的作品的种子? Issue 47|第76–78章:这三章讲鲸头的构造、鲸脑油的存储位置以及提取方式,顺带讲到了一起事故,不过落难的 Tashtego 最终被 Queequeg 所救,感觉 Queequeg 真是大神一样的人物,但这小说本身有宿命观,一想到最终连他也死去就非常伤神。 因为这起事故,导致抹香鲸的脑袋沉入大海,这又是一种预兆。前文说船一边挂抹香鲸脑袋,一边挂露脊鲸脑袋就不会沉,现在抹香鲸的脑袋没了。 Issue 48|第79&80章:化身 Ishmael 的作者话也有励志功效: I try all things; I achieve what I can. —Chapter 79 额头皱纹多+发际线后移原来这么神圣: Few are the foreheads which like Shakespeare’s or Melancthon’s rise so high, and descend so low, that the eyes themselves seem clear, eternal, tideless mountain lakes; and all above them in the forehead’s wrinkles, you seem to track the antlered thoughts descending there to drink, as the Highland hunters track the snow prints of the deer. —Chapter 79 抹香鲸的天才之处在于它没有刻意去证明自己是天才: But how? Genius in the Sperm Whale? Has the Sperm Whale ever written a book, spoken a speech? No, his great genius is declared in his doing nothing particular to prove it. It is moreover declared in his pyramidical silence. —Chapter 79 第79章化身为 Ishmael 的作者说:I but put that brow before you. Read it if you can. 事实上能够做到 put that brow before you (in text only) 已经非常困难了,作者正如他自己对抹香鲸的描述一般,天才。 Issue 49&50|第81章:这句很有喜感,星巴克与咖啡壶:“Not that,” said Stubb, “no, no, it’s a coffee-pot, Mr. Starbuck; …” —Chapter 81 Carrying coals to Newcastle 这俗语就是「往山西贩煤」吧! 生命在体内流干,又是一个绝妙的比喻…… Not so with the whale; one of whose peculiarities it is, to have an entire nonvalvular structure of the blood-vessels, so that when pierced even by so small a point as a harpoon, a deadly drain is at once begun upon his whole arterial system; and when this is heightened by the extraordinary pressure of water at a great distance below the surface, his life may be said to pour from him in incessant streams. —Chapter 81 Oh! many are the Fin-Backs, and many are the Dericks, my friend. —Chapter 81 Issue 51|第82–84章:感觉很多工作都是这样:There are some enterprises in which a careful disorderliness is the true method. —Chapter 82 Issue 52|第85章:简单不意味着容易啊:I have ever found your plain things the knottiest of all. 思想深邃的人,在思考问题的时候,脑袋上会冒出若隐若现的水汽?And I am convinced that from the heads of all ponderous profound beings, such as Plato, Pyrrho, the Devil, Jupiter, Dante, and so on, there always goes up a certain semi-visible steam, while in the act of thinking deep thoughts. Issue 53|第86章:本章主要讲鲸鱼的尾巴,最后一段套用了出埃及记中上帝对摩西说的一段话,就此把鲸鱼比作了上帝。 Issue 54&55|第87章:没有哪件蠢事人类没有做过: …there is no folly of the beasts of the earth which is not infinitely outdone by the madness of men. —Chapter 87 But even so, amid the tornadoed Atlantic of my being, do I myself still for ever centrally disport in mute calm; and while ponderous planets of unwaning woe revolve round me, deep down and deep inland there I still bathe me in eternal mildness of joy. —Chapter87 Issue 56|第88&89章:耶鲁与哈佛: Like a mob of young collegians, they are full of fight, fun, and wickedness, tumbling round the world at such a reckless, rollicking rate, that no prudent underwriter would insure them any more than he would a riotous lad at Yale or Harvard. —Chapter 88 雄性群与雌性群的区别: Another point of difference between the male and female schools is still more characteristic of the sexes. Say you strike a Forty-barrel-bull—poor devil! all his comrades quit him. But strike a member of the harem school, and her companions swim around her with every token of concern, sometimes lingering so near her and so long, as themselves to fall a prey. —Chapter 88 又是一种隐喻——法律的全部即占有: Is it not a saying in every one’s mouth, Possession is half of the law: that is, regardless of how the thing came into possession? But often possession is the whole of the law. —Chapter 89 Issue 57|第90&91章:Stubb 用计赚了点龙涎香,但 Ahab 显然毫无兴趣。 Issue 58|第92&93章:第92章讲从龙涎香开始讲到了与鲸相关的气味,乳香(frankincense)和没药(myrrh)都提到了。 第93章讲一个黑人小伙计被大海淹死了灵魂,这种状态特别像印象中的一氧化碳中毒。 He saw God’s foot upon the treadle of the loom, and spoke it; and therefore his shipmates called him mad. So man’s insanity is heaven’s sense; and wandering from all mortal reason, man comes at last to that celestial thought, which, to reason, is absurd and frantic; and weal or woe, feels then uncompromised, indifferent as his God. —Chapter 93 Issue 59|第94&95章:最佳减压玩具:鲸脂。 Squeeze! squeeze! squeeze! all the morning long; I squeezed that sperm till I myself almost melted into it; I squeezed that sperm till a strange sort of insanity came over me; and I found myself unwittingly squeezing my co-laborers’ hands in it, mistaking their hands for the gentle globules. Such an abounding, affectionate, friendly, loving feeling did this avocation beget; that at last I was continually squeezing their hands, and looking up into their eyes sentimentally; as much as to say,—Oh! my dear fellow beings, why should we longer cherish any social acerbities, or know the slightest ill-humor or envy! Come; let us squeeze hands all round; nay, let us all squeeze ourselves into each other; let us squeeze ourselves universally into the very milk and sperm of kindness. —Chapter 94 Issue 60|第96–98章:煮豆燃豆萁,豆在釜中泣:Like a plethoric burning martyr, or a self-consuming misanthrope, once ignited, the whale supplies his own fuel and burns by his own body. —Chapter 96 人生不如意事常八九:The sun hides not the ocean, which is the dark side of this earth, and which is two thirds of this earth. So, therefore, that mortal man who hath more of joy than sorrow in him, that mortal man cannot be true—not true, or undeveloped. With books the same. —Chapter 96 《传道书》中 All is vanity 和佛教「四大皆空」「五蕴皆空」是不是一个意思? And there is a Catskill eagle in some souls that can alike dive down into the blackest gorges, and soar out of them again and become invisible in the sunny spaces. And even if he for ever flies within the gorge, that gorge is in the mountains; so that even in his lowest swoop the mountain eagle is still higher than other birds upon the plain, even though they soar. —Chapter 96 第97章看完,总有一种香薰来自捕鲸船的感觉。 第98章讲轮回,让人想起了加缪的西西弗神话。 Issue 61|第99章:这一章里出现的每个人都对 Ahab 先前钉在桅杆上的金币念叨了一番。其实每个人说的都是自己内心的投射。 Stubb 的占星学: Look you, Doubloon, your zodiac here is the life of man in one round chapter; and now I’ll read it off, straight out of the book. Come, Almanack! To begin: there’s Aries, or the Ram—lecherous dog, he begets us; then, Taurus, or the Bull—he bumps us the first thing; then Gemini, or the Twins—that is, Virtue and Vice; we try to reach Virtue, when lo! comes Cancer the Crab, and drags us back; and here, going from Virtue, Leo, a roaring Lion, lies in the path—he gives a few fierce bites and surly dabs with his paw; we escape, and hail Virgo, the Virgin! that’s our first love; we marry and think to be happy for aye, when pop comes Libra, or the Scales—happiness weighed and found wanting; and while we are very sad about that, Lord! how we suddenly jump, as Scorpio, or the Scorpion, stings us in rear; we are curing the wound, when whang come the arrows all round; Sagittarius, or the Archer, is amusing himself. As we pluck out the shafts, stand aside; here’s the battering-ram, Capricornus, or the Goat; full tilt, he comes rushing, and headlong we are tossed; when Aquarius, or the Water- bearer, pours out his whole deluge and drowns us; and to wind up with Pisces, or the Fishes, we sleep. There’s a sermon now, writ in high heaven, and the sun goes through it every year, and yet comes out of it all alive and hearty. Jollily he, aloft there, wheels through toil and trouble; and so, alow here, does jolly Stubb. —Chapter 99 Issue 62|第100章:鲸鱼一个不小心,你一条胳膊就没了,好比人类一不小心就踩死了蚂蚁,人工智能一不小心就让人类灭绝,都不是有意的,甚至都没注意到。 Do you know, gentlemen, that the digestive organs of the whale are so inscrutably constructed by Divine Providence, that it is quite impossible for him to completely digest even a man’s arm? And he knows it too. So that what you take for the White Whale’s malice is only his awkwardness. For he never means to swallow a single limb; he only thinks to terrify by feints. —Chapter 100 感觉 Enderby 号的船长和外科医生都是那种真话里夹着玩笑还不招人讨厌的类型。 Issue 63|第101&102章:第101章对英国捕鲸船以及他们的前辈荷兰捕鲸船上供应的食品酒水的分析,让我觉得在看读库的某类文章。 真·太阳像一把金梭,不过织的不是什么生活:Through the lacings of the leaves, the great sun seemed a flying shuttle weaving the unwearied verdure. —Chapter 102 Issue 64|第103&104章:第104章终于看到了鲸和蚂蚁跳蚤的对比。 Applied to any other creature than the Leviathan—to an ant or a flea—such portly terms might justly be deemed unwarrantably grandiloquent. But when Leviathan is the text, the case is altered. —Chapter 104 To produce a mighty book, you must choose a mighty theme. No great and enduring volume can ever be written on the flea, though many there be who have tried it. —Chapter 104 Issue 65|第105&106章:看到这句话,心中总是抹不去一个疑问:物种层面的 immortal 还算是 immortal 吗?我觉得只有从人类自诩万物之灵的角度,把其他每一类生物当成一个整体,这种说法才成立。同样角度来看,如果人类自认与其他动物有所区别,就不要老想着物种延续,事实上个人是个人,物种是物种。 Wherefore, for all these things, we account the whale immortal in his species, however perishable in his individuality. —Chapter 105 Issue 66|第107&108章:这两章讲那个手艺精湛的老木匠给船长做假腿的事。 Issue 67|第109&110章:Queequeg 的临终遗言真让人伤心。不过他复原之后的自信确实有气概: In a word, it was Queequeg’s conceit, that if a man made up his mind to live, mere sickness could not kill him: nothing but a whale, or a gale, or some violent, ungovernable, unintelligent destroyer of that sort. —Chapter 110 Issue 68|第111–113章:铁匠的悲惨命运和船的悲惨命运联结在一起了。满载伤心的人的船,为什么就不能有个美好的结局呢? Issue 69|第114–117章:这几章算暴风雨之前的平静?覆灭之前的收获? Issue 70|第118&119章:至此,为了追捕 Moby Dick,Ahab 船长加入了明教(其实是祆教),想到最后的结局,确实能让人想起「焚我残躯,熊熊圣火」。也不知道金庸在写《倚天屠龙记》之前有没有看过 Moby Dick。 Issue 71|第120–124章:看了第123章后,觉得星巴克选这个店名不是没有道理,其实 Starbuck 更像是大多数人的状态。像 Ahab 的恐怕只有乔布斯那种神人或者疯子。 这句话让我想起了,很多人会说的「连死都不怕,还有什么可怕?」,事实上比死亡可怕的事太多了: As for the men, though some of them lowly rumbled, their fear of Ahab was greater than their fear of Fate. —Chapter 124 Issue 72|第125&126章:测量绳断了,水手落水没救上来,救生器也因为经久不用而沉了,不得不用 Queequeg 的棺材来改做救生器,不良预兆一再叠加。 Issue 73|第127–129章:Ahab 执念如此之重,以至于最终只能和 Pip 说话(某种程度上算自言自语吧?),而 Pip 其实更为不幸,唉。 Ahab 连人都不愿意救,这种执念实在令人心寒。 Issue 74|第130&131章:下面这句中的 dinner 的英文注释事 the noon meal,让我再次觉得澳式英语中很多词都来自水手英语,包括见面称呼 mate 也是水手打招呼的习惯说法。 He ate in the same open air; that is, his two only meals,—breakfast and dinner: supper he never touched; nor reaped his beard; which darkly grew all gnarled, as unearthed roots of trees blown over, which still grow idly on at naked base, though perished in the upper verdure. —Chapter 130 Issue 75&76|第132&133章:「整个太平洋也难以装下一滴如此珍贵的眼泪。」这种修辞现在听起来确实俗套,但本书会不会就是此类修辞的源头呢? From beneath his slouched hat Ahab dropped a tear into the sea; nor did all the Pacific contain such wealth as that one wee drop. —Chapter 132 在我看来,当 Ahab 放弃救人的那一刻就已经再也无法回头了,在此之前永远都还有回去的机会。 虽然有点残忍,但我还是想说「像被大象踩过一样」这样的比喻太有意思了: Dragged into Stubb’s boat with blood-shot, blinded eyes, the white brine caking in his wrinkles; the long tension of Ahab’s bodily strength did crack, and helplessly he yielded to his body’s doom: for a time, lying all crushed in the bottom of Stubb’s boat, like one trodden under foot of herds of elephants. —Chapter 133 Starbuck 和 Stubb 押头韵,和 Flask 押尾韵,这一定是故意的吧。 Issue 77|第134章:突然又想起了澳式英语中的 She‘ll be right. 当中代词 She 不一定指女性,可以看作是 it,是不是来自负责瞭望的水手发现鲸鱼后那一句 There she blows! 或者类似的用法呢? They were one man, not thirty. 书中 man 经常用来指船,如果读中文估计就没办法读出这句话中这种奇妙的双关了。 Issue 78&79|第135章&Epilogue:最后一章终于读完,终于用五千年的时间达到了与巨大空间的匹配。 Now small fowls flew screaming over the yet yawning gulf; a sullen white surf beat against its steep sides; then all collapsed, and the great shroud of the sea rolled on as it rolled five thousand years ago. —Chapter 135 Ahab 在放弃救人之后,当然非死不可,而 Moby Dick 自然也不能活着。虽然两者的死最终只让人看到了 Ahab 的渺小以及人类的渺小。 想想看,如果 Ahab 性格再好一点,整本 Moby Dick 就变成《老人与海》加长版了。不过这样的篇幅写老人与海就不合适了。 最终 Ishmael 获救是自然的事:总得有人把故事讲下去。不过被 Queequeg 的棺材所救也算应了这段缘分,毕竟两人按照 Queegueg 王子家的习俗结过婚了。 It was the devious-cruising Rachel, that in her retracing search after her missing children, only found another orphan. —Epilogue 读完了 Moby Dick, 拿到了 Power Moby Dick颁发的证书。从此,我可以说:虽然我没有完整读完红楼梦,但我读完了 Moby Dick。 Certificate of Completion from Power Moby Dick 庆祝自己读完 Moby Dick,专程去书店买了一本金边精装版。店员听说我今天刚读完,都特别欢乐,全是「真为你高兴」的表情。😊 Moby Dick 精装版 FINIS.
literature 白鲸 经典 美国文学 英文原版
S. 豆瓣 谷歌图书
S. - Ship of Theseus
7.4 (41 个评分) 作者: [美] J.J.艾布拉姆斯 / [美] 道格·道斯特 译者: 颜湘如 中信出版集团 2016 - 6 其它标题: 忒修斯之船
文豪身份 扑朔迷离
她在图书馆拾获一本《忒修斯之船》,作者石察卡身份成谜,据译者柯岱拉描述,他尚未写完便人间蒸发,生死未卜,留给世人一宗悬案。有人用铅笔写下批注,追寻石察卡真相,她也忍不住拿起笔加入讨论。
文字谜题 真实冒险
书里,失忆的男人被掳上一艘神秘的船,怪异的船员带着他进行毫无目的地却又屡屡预示他命运的航行;书外,石察卡笔下的每一桩背叛、争斗、屠杀都在真实世界中一一发生,而柯岱拉看似颠三倒四、漏洞百出的译注,竟也个个暗藏玄机。
字里行间 杀机重重
两人交换批注,资料越积越多,也越来越走进彼此内心。当他们以为终于快要接近真相,竟发现第三人笔迹,书中人物、作家命运,连同两人的生死,早已一起卷入迷局之中。
《S.》 包含精装古书《忒修斯之船》和23个材质各异的附件,这是两人穿越时空留下的第一手资料,也是你参与这一趟冒险的重要线索。这是一场超越纸书界限的极致阅读,你将成为悬疑事件的一分子,和两人一同揭开文坛最危险的秘密。
爱书的人啊,尽情坠落吧……
麦田里的守望者 豆瓣
The Catcher in the Rye
8.3 (31 个评分) 作者: J·D·塞林格 译者: 施咸荣 译林出版社 1998
作者除发表过一些短篇小说外,迄今只写过这一部长篇小说,与另一部黑人作家Ralph Ellison的The Invisable Man一起被认为是二战后当代美国文学中的“现代经典”。在美国社会和文学界产生了巨大影响。
小说一出版,就受到国内青少年的热烈欢迎,认为它道出了自己的心声。一时大、中学校的校园里到处都模仿小说主人公霍尔顿-他们在大冬天身穿风衣,倒戴着红色鸭舌帽,学着霍尔顿的言语动作。
甚至在60年代初期,外国学者只要跟美国学生一谈到文学,他们就马上提出了《麦田里的守望者》。
不同的青年、家长和评论家,往往从不同的角度对此书作出不同的评价。有过两种截然相反的意见:一种意见颂扬此书,把它说得天花乱坠,认为成人通过本书可以增加对青少年的了解,青年人在阅读本书后则能增加对生活的认识,使自己对丑恶的现实提高警惕,并促使自己去选择一条自爱的道路;另一种意见严厉批评本书,把它看作洪水猛兽,说主人公满嘴粗话,张口“他妈的”,闭口“混账”,读书不用功,还抽烟、酗酒、搞女人,从而认为本书内容“猥亵”、“渎神”。
2010年10月17日 已读
2010年10月21日 评论 【读书】麦田里的守望者 - 高中的时候,我向一个在书店里认识的朋友借了塞林格的《麦田守望者》,单单是因为这名字我喜欢,就想看看里面到底讲了什么。可是翻了两三页我就放下了,由于种种原因就再也没碰过,至今那本书还放在我们家的书架上。 每次借来书不看,总会对书的主人产生一种内疚的感觉,尤其是这种拿的时间太长,甚至忘了还的书。我常常想如果这书现在不在我手里,也许会有更多的人可以看到它,至少有一部分人会喜欢上它。哪怕纯满足好奇心,我也觉得要胜过放在我的书架上落一层灰。 本来以为再也不会碰它了,可是今年年初它的作者塞林格突然去世,又激起了我重新开始读它的兴致。由此可见,经典的东西永远是不会错过的,即便你现在放弃,总会在以后一个不经意的瞬间又有人因为种种原因向你提起它。 前些天,在上下班的路上,我读完了这部《麦田里的守望者》,我觉得这是一部很好的作品。这句话放在这里好像是废话,事实上它的作用其实是一个让步,就像所有的让步一样,除非是为了作品更严谨,否则基本上没什么作用(又不是做GRE填空题)。但还是要强调一句,我说的是真心话。我之所以觉得这部小说写的好的原因也是因为作者说的是真心话。 今夏的某天,和西毒何殇边吃烤串边聊文学作品,当时我正为自己看了过多的翻译作品,潜移默化,导致行文过于拖沓而难受。他反问我,你觉得《在路上》有什么文字技巧?我说不出来,事实上我觉得凯鲁亚克的作品基本上没有什么经过刻意雕琢的语言,即便有,也被翻译毁得差不多了。但纵使我看到翻译版本,也把我感动的热泪盈眶。我突然明白一部书写的好与不好与文字技巧关系不大,关键在于作者有没有向作品倾注真情。也许正是这种阅读的切入角度,让我没有像高中那样,看了两页就把书丢到一边。 毫无疑问,塞林格向作品倾注了真感情,但老实说,这部书对我的触动有限。我想最根本的原因是,我是在看一个第三者的故事:我们对于一些事情的看法不同,但对于一些事情的体验又是相似的。 “我不愿随便动窝打断自己的烦恼。”事实上我烦起来跟霍尔顿(小说主人公)的状况一模一样,但我不会对他所烦恼的那么多件事情都烦恼。 “我没这么做的唯一原因是我当时情绪不对头。”事实上我们每个人都会因为情绪不对而不去做一件事情,可是我们又不会像霍尔顿那样有那么多情绪不对头的时候。 像这样的句子充斥着整本小说。对于主人公许多感受,我都似曾相识,但每次我又都会忍不住对他由此产生的情绪反问:犯得着吗? 我明白,这是因为我和霍尔顿的价值观不同,而且我尊敬持有这种价值观的人,但霍尔顿是霍尔顿,我是我,我是在读一个第三者的故事,因此我只能在某些个别的地方产生共鸣。 好了,让步前的话到目前为止差不多说的差不多了(事实上已经说了不少这部作品的坏话了),甚至评价到这个地步已经差不多了。但我忍不住把《麦田》和凯鲁亚克的作品进行比较,毕竟是后者让我明白了看小说的切入点,才让我能饶有兴致地看完《麦田》。 我觉得凯鲁亚克的小说通篇都能对我有所触动,因为作者写的正是我所追求的,读小说的时候,就像在读自己,让我更加清晰的了解自己,找到自己真正坚持的东西。 而《麦田》只是把原本我已经注意的问题通过一种强化过的方式再次引起我的注意,同时,让我对这种感觉产生共鸣,但我始终不敢苟同小说主人公对待这一切的态度。换句话说,我总感觉霍尔顿在抱怨一些事情。这种抱怨出现在文学作品里,我们多少会有点欣赏的态度,但如果身边有这样一个人,你准会觉得他烦,烦到你不愿意随便动窝打断你自己烦恼。 我想人的天性都是喜欢抱怨的,不管这样的抱怨对不对;人的天性又是讨厌别人抱怨的,即使抱怨的对。 我们都是人,都忍不住要去抱怨,但我觉得至少要做到,不仅仅去抱怨,还要去做事情。或者即使想不到该做什么,至少在抱怨完给听你唠叨的人致个谢,道个歉,毕竟听你抱怨不是他的义务,要不然我们就成了霍尔顿了。尽管有时候成为霍尔顿会显得很酷,但至少我不想成为他。 郝海龙 2010年10月21日
k3 塞林格 小说 文学 经典
八百万种死法 豆瓣
Eight Million Ways to Die
7.9 (82 个评分) 作者: [美] 劳伦斯·布洛克 译者: 潘源 / 王默 等 新星出版社 2006 - 9
《八百万种死法》里的八百万其实是指纽约市里八百万市民。作者在书中经常写出各种离奇古怪的死法———只是在家里看电视却会无辜被炸死、跟相邻几十年的邻居会因一只新宠物而争执动武死亡。“八百万种死法”的意思是每一个人都有他们死的方法———没有人可以逃避,尤其是在纽约这个光怪陆离的罪恶城市。
一个优雅的皮条客,昌斯,手下有六个姑娘,她们风采各异,有的能写诗,有的熟知报告文学。美丽而天真的金?达科嫩不过是其中之一。她想脱离应召女郎的生涯,找到马修寻求保护,让他跟昌斯说。马修收了金攒的私房钱但没有保住金的命。金被人捣得面目全非,死在公寓中。连金的一些朋友也一个接一个死掉。其中一个姑娘在遗书中写道:“无人愿意为我一掷千金。无人愿意与我共结连理。无人愿意救我一命。我已倦于微笑。我已疲于奔命。美好时光已成过去。”
尽管肯·德金警官说:“妓女自杀,见怪不怪。”马修还是决定为这些逃回公道。尽管受到警告,但他一心一意要追查到底。
达摩流浪者 豆瓣
The Dharma Bums
8.7 (59 个评分) 作者: [美国] 杰克·凯鲁亚克 译者: 梁永安 上海译文出版社 2008 - 7
这是一本关于背包革命、自然精神、生命思索以及禅之道的小说,讲述的是1955年两个热情洋溢的青年贾菲与雷蒙追求真理以及禅理的故事。他们以其特殊的世界观追寻着生命的直觉、纯净与唯美,马拉松式的狂欢与旧金山的纵情“雅雍”无疑是自由的最佳注解,而诗人的情怀与托钵僧的苦旅,历经马特峰与孤凉峰的超拔洗涤,让尘世显得如此澄透。《在路上》出版之后的一年,凯鲁亚克将《达摩流浪者》献给了寒山子,并于美国西海岸勾勒出禅疯子与登山背包行者的朝圣路线,也为“垮掉的一代”确立了的文学版图,平添些许东方色彩。
《达摩流浪者》是凯鲁亚克最精彩的自传体小说。书中宣扬的自由上路、追求理想与爱的理念影响了六十年代整整一代的西方青年,并为六十年代追求独立、反叛和自由的思想打下了深厚的基础。