本片改编自俄国文豪托尔斯泰的同名作品《战争与和平》，围绕1812年俄国卫国战争为中心，以贵族小姐娜塔莎（柳德米拉·萨维里耶娃 Lyudmila Savelyeva饰）、贵族青年皮埃尔（谢尔盖·邦达尔丘克 Sergei Bondarchuk饰）和安德烈公爵（维亚切斯拉夫·吉洪诺夫 Vyacheslav Tikhonov饰）三人的情感故事为线索，反映了1805年至1820年的重大事件，展示了当时俄国社会的风貌。
本部1968年前苏联版的《战争与和平》耗时五年完成，耗资高达5亿6000万美元，堪称影史上最昂贵的影片，在苏联电影史上有着举足轻重的地位。影片拍摄得到了苏联军方的大力协助，在世界影史上，本片成为动用临时演员最多的影片之一。这部长达六个半小时的宏伟巨制，以其宏大的场面和史诗般的镜头语言，完美地呈现了俄法战争时期俄罗斯大地广阔的历史画卷，也极其忠实地再现了托尔斯泰的长篇巨著。

The 500,000 strong Napoleon's army moves through Russia and causes much destruction culminating in the battle of Borodino. The Russian army has to retreat. Moscow is occupied, looted and burned down, but soon Napoleon loses control and has to flee. Both sides suffer tremendous losses in the war, and Russian society is left irrevocably changed.
As Moscow is set ablaze by the retreating Russians, the Rostovs flee their estate, taking wounded soldiers with them, and unbeknownst to them, also Andrei. Pierre, dressed as a peasant, tries to assassinate Napoleon but is taken prisoner. As the French are forced to retreat, he is marched for months with the Grande Armée, until being freed by a raiding party. The French are defeated by Kutuzov in the Battle of Krasnoi. Andrei is recognized and is brought to his estate. He forgives Natasha on his deathbed. She reunites with Pierre and they marry as Moscow is being rebuilt.