Causality is central to the understanding and use of data. Without an understanding of cause effect relationships, we cannot use data to answer questions as basic as, “Does this treatment harm or help patients?” But though hundreds of introductory texts are available on statistical methods of data analysis, until now, no beginner-level book has been written about the exploding arsenal of methods that can tease causal information from data.
Causal Inference in Statistics fills that gap. Using simple examples and plain language, the book lays out how to define causal parameters; the assumptions necessary to estimate causal parameters in a variety of situations; how to express those assumptions mathematically; whether those assumptions have testable implications; how to predict the effects of interventions; and how to reason counterfactually. These are the foundational tools that any student of statistics needs to acquire in order to use statistical methods to answer causal questions of interest.
This book is accessible to anyone with an interest in interpreting data, from undergraduates, professors, researchers, or to the interested layperson. Examples are drawn from a wide variety of fields, including medicine, public policy, and law; a brief introduction to probability and statistics is provided for the uninitiated; and each chapter comes with study questions to reinforce the readers understanding.

"Stimulating, provocative, often infuriating, but well worth reading."--Peter Newman, "Economica"
"His critical blast blows like a north wind against the more pretentious erections of modern economics. It is however a healthy and invigorating blast, without malice and with a sincere regard for scientific objectivity."--K.E. Boulding, "Political Science Quarterly"
"Certainly one of the most engrossing volumes that has appeared recently in economic theory."--William J. Baumol, "Review of Economics and Statistics"

This book is an expanded and revised edition of the author's critically acclaimed volume Nuts and Bolts for the Social Sciences. In twenty-six succinct chapters, Jon Elster provides an account of the nature of explanation in the social sciences. He offers an overview of key explanatory mechanisms in the social sciences, relying on hundreds of examples and drawing on a large variety of sources-psychology, behavioral economics, biology, political science, historical writings, philosophy and fiction. Written in accessible and jargon-free language, Elster aims at accuracy and clarity while eschewing formal models.

Now in its fifth edition, Diffusion of Innovations is a classic work on the spread of new ideas. It has sold 30,000 copies in each edition and will continue to reach a huge academic audience. In this renowned book, Everett M. Rogers, professor and chair of the Department of Communication & Journalism at the University of New Mexico, explains how new ideas spread via communication channels over time. Such innovations are initially perceived as uncertain and even risky. To overcome this uncertainty, most people seek out others like themselves who have already adopted the new idea. Thus the diffusion process consists of a few individuals who first adopt an innovation, then spread the word among their circle of acquaintances--a process which typically takes months or years. But there are exceptions: use of the Internet in the 1990s, for example, may have spread more rapidly than any other innovation in the history of humankind. Furthermore, the Internet is changing the very nature of diffusion by decreasing the importance of physical distance between people. The fifth edition addresses the spread of the Internet, and how it has transformed the way human beings communicate and adopt new ideas.

本书详细讨论了选择导师、阅读与写作参加学术会议、陈述报告、处理与导师的关系、建立人际关系网络、论文答辩和职业生涯规划等主题，针对研究生各阶段给出了详尽的学术建议，有较强的实用性和操作性。

On its publication in 1957, The Poverty of Historicism was hailed by Arthur Koestler as 'probably the only book published this year which will outlive the century.'
A devastating criticism of fixed and predictable laws in history, Popper dedicated the book to all those 'who fell victim to the fascist and communist belief in Inexorable Laws of Historical Destiny.' Short and beautifully written, it has inspired generations of readers, intellectuals and policy makers. One of the most important books on the social sciences since the Second World War, it is a searing insight into the ideas of this great thinker.

This new book, under the impressive editorship of Thomas Boylan and Paschal O'Gorman, explores a number of major themes central to the work of Karl Popper. The tensions that have resulted from Popperian thought are well documented. How can mainstream orthodox economics be falsifiable while privileging its core of rationality as unquestionable? This book includes expert contributions from thinkers such as Tony Lawson, K. Vela Velupillai and John McCall, who discuss this issue with renewed academic rigour.

Whether you are a student struggling to fulfill a math or science requirement, or you are embarking on a career change that requires a higher level of math competency, A Mind for Numbers offers the tools you need to get a better grasp of that intimidating but inescapable field. Engineering professor Barbara Oakley knows firsthand how it feels to struggle with math. She flunked her way through high school math and science courses, before enlisting in the army immediately after graduation. When she saw how her lack of mathematical and technical savvy severely limited her options—both to rise in the military and to explore other careers—she returned to school with a newfound determination to re-tool her brain to master the very subjects that had given her so much trouble throughout her entire life.
In A Mind for Numbers, Dr. Oakley lets us in on the secrets to effectively learning math and science—secrets that even dedicated and successful students wish they’d known earlier. Contrary to popular belief, math requires creative, as well as analytical, thinking. Most people think that there’s only one way to do a problem, when in actuality, there are often a number of different solutions—you just need the creativity to see them. For example, there are more than three hundred different known proofs of the Pythagorean Theorem. In short, studying a problem in a laser-focused way until you reach a solution is not an effective way to learn math. Rather, it involves taking the time to step away from a problem and allow the more relaxed and creative part of the brain to take over. A Mind for Numbers shows us that we all have what it takes to excel in math, and learning it is not as painful as some might think!

本书是笛卡尔的一部代表作，也是他的处女作。全书分六部分：一、对各门学问的看法；二、作者寻求该方法的几条原则；三、从该方法中引导出的几项行为准则；四、作者用来证明神的存在，人的灵魂存在的理由；五、作者研究过的一系列物理问题；六、作者认为一定要做哪些事情才能使自然研究更进一步，以及促使其撰写此书的理由。本书被公认为近代哲学的宣言书，树起了理性主义认识论的大旗。

本书是探讨经济哲学的论文集，编者选取了22篇文章，深入讨论了“经济学与伦理”、“经济学的修辞”等经济学的哲学问题。编者的导读和每一编前的简短说明分析了这些文章的历史地位和语境，使读者对经济学方法论有了更为系统和全面的认识。本书不但适合经济学、哲学和其他社会科学的学生和专业人士，对这些问题有兴趣的普通读者，也能从中读到对“经济哲学”简明扼要的介绍。
为了让经济学走进21世纪，我们应当知道它在20世纪的整体状况。对经济学的整体把握，就是经济学的哲学。
—汪丁丁
在这本文集的长篇导读中，豪斯曼讨论了与经济学的哲学相关的一些基础问题，包括理论上的和认识论上的——就算最漠视这些问题的经济学家也会对本书感兴趣。
——意大利《经济世界》杂志（Mondo Economico）

Social scientists, whether earnest graduate students or tenured faculty members, clearly know the rules that govern good writing. But for some reason they choose to ignore those guidelines and churn out turgid, pompous, and obscure prose. Distinguished sociologist Howard S. Becker, true to his calling, looks for an explanation for this bizarre behavior not in the psyches of his colleagues but in the structure of his profession. In this highly personal and inspirational volume he considers academic writing as a social activity.
Both the means and the reasons for writing a thesis or article or book are socially structured by the organization of graduate study, the requirements for publication, and the conditions for promotion, and the pressures arising from these situations create the writing style so often lampooned and lamented. Drawing on his thirty-five years' experience as a researcher, writer, and teacher, Becker exposes the foibles of the academic profession to the light of sociological analysis and gentle humor. He also offers eminently useful suggestions for ways to make social scientists better and more productive writers. Among the topics discussed are how to overcome the paralyzing fears of chaos and ridicule that lead to writer's block; how to rewrite and revise, again and again; how to adopt a persona compatible with lucid prose; how to deal with that academic bugaboo, "the literature." There is also a chapter by Pamela Richards on the personal and professional risks involved in scholarly writing.
In recounting his own trials and errors Becker offers his readers not a model to be slavishly imitated but an example to inspire. Throughout, his focus is on the elusive work habits that contribute to good writing, not the more easily learned rules of grammar and punctuation. Although his examples are drawn from sociological literature, his conclusions apply to all fields of social science, and indeed to all areas of scholarly endeavor. The message is clear: you don't have to write like a social scientist to be one.

每天打嗝是什么原因造成的？参加旅行团有什么“潜规则”？酒店早餐是免费的吗？还贷款与购入共同基金，哪个更划算？猫儿为什么每天趴在阳台门口？信用卡为什么会频频消磁？怎样清理带刺的玫瑰？日常生活中会遇到各式各样的问题，你是否认真探究过根源，思考过问题背后真正的原因？你能否养成了科学的思维方式，像科学家一样直捣问题的核心？跟随这本书，踏上探索科学方法的旅程，去揭开生活中大大小小的谜团吧！
本书作者将生活中一个个真实的故事以浅显易懂的语言娓娓道出，让读者获得不少启发和教益。全书生动有趣，易于理解，是了解科学方法不可多得的入门图书。书中提到的许多创意定能让你跳出思维的囹圄，让生活的智慧绽放异彩。

《致青年学者:一位诺贝奖获得者的人生忠告》是诺贝尔奖获得者圣地亚哥·拉蒙-卡哈尔的传世之作，该书在100多年前出版时曾轰动西班牙，并被译成多种语言在全世界畅销至今，在很多国家被列为大学生、青年学者的必读书籍。19世纪的西班牙，在政治和经济领域都不是欧洲的强权国家，年轻的卡哈尔在没有任何背景的情况下进入了科学界，经过自己的不懈努力，终于成为西班牙少数能享誉国际的科学家，并于1906年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。卡哈尔将他自己进行科学研究的心得以及在大学执教所作的思考进行总结，撰写了《致青年学者:一位诺贝奖获得者的人生忠告》，希望帮助刚刚迈入科学研究大门的年轻人建立正确的研究态度和方法。《致青年学者:一位诺贝奖获得者的人生忠告》谈到了作为一名学者应该具备的素质，研究时的态度与方法，比如勤奋，耐心，抱负，认真的态度；甚至谈到了研究者的婚姻观，爱国情操，及影响科学研究工作的社会因素，涵盖内容丰富，而这些对现在的研究者来说仍然十分重要。
无论你是刚刚进入科研领域的新人，正着手一项研究项目；或是还在上学的学生，正在苦于自己的学位论文，《致青年学者:一位诺贝奖获得者的人生忠告》都将带给你无穷的启发。

Beginning with its first edition and through subsequent editions, Thinking and Deciding has established itself as the required text and important reference work for students and scholars of human cognition and rationality. In this, the fourth edition, Jonathan Baron retains the comprehensive attention to the key questions addressed in the previous editions - How should we think? What, if anything, keeps us from thinking that way? How can we improve our thinking and decision making? - and his expanded treatment of topics such as risk, utilitarianism, Baye's theorem, and moral thinking. With the student in mind, the fourth edition emphasises the development of an understanding of the fundamental concepts in judgement and decision making. This book is essential reading for students and scholars in judgement and decision making and related fields, including psychology, economics, law, medicine, and business.