A timeless introduction to the field and a landmark in symbolic logic, showing that classical logic can be treated algebraically.

Written by one of the preeminent researchers in the field, this book provides a comprehensive exposition of modern analysis of causation. It shows how causality has grown from a nebulous concept into a mathematical theory with significant applications in the fields of statistics, artificial intelligence, economics, philosophy, cognitive science, and the health and social sciences. Judea Pearl presents and unifies the probabilistic, manipulative, counterfactual, and structural approaches to causation and devises simple mathematical tools for studying the relationships between causal connections and statistical associations. Cited in more than 2,100 scientific publications, it continues to liberate scientists from the traditional molds of statistical thinking. In this revised edition, Judea Pearl elucidates thorny issues, answers readers' questions, and offers a panoramic view of recent advances in this field of research. Causality will be of interest to students and professionals in a wide variety of fields. Dr Judea Pearl has received the 2011 Rumelhart Prize for his leading research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and systems from The Cognitive Science Society.

On its publication in 1957, The Poverty of Historicism was hailed by Arthur Koestler as 'probably the only book published this year which will outlive the century.'
A devastating criticism of fixed and predictable laws in history, Popper dedicated the book to all those 'who fell victim to the fascist and communist belief in Inexorable Laws of Historical Destiny.' Short and beautifully written, it has inspired generations of readers, intellectuals and policy makers. One of the most important books on the social sciences since the Second World War, it is a searing insight into the ideas of this great thinker.

Describes basic programming principles and their step-by- step applications.Numerous examples are included.

Regular expressions are an extremely powerful tool for manipulating text and data. They are now standard features in a wide range of languages and popular tools, including Perl, Python, Ruby, Java, VB.NET and C# (and any language using the .NET Framework), PHP, and MySQL.
If you don't use regular expressions yet, you will discover in this book a whole new world of mastery over your data. If you already use them, you'll appreciate this book's unprecedented detail and breadth of coverage. If you think you know all you need to know about regular expressions, this book is a stunning eye-opener.
As this book shows, a command of regular expressions is an invaluable skill. Regular expressions allow you to code complex and subtle text processing that you never imagined could be automated. Regular expressions can save you time and aggravation. They can be used to craft elegant solutions to a wide range of problems. Once you've mastered regular expressions, they'll become an invaluable part of your toolkit. You will wonder how you ever got by without them.
Yet despite their wide availability, flexibility, and unparalleled power, regular expressions are frequently underutilized. Yet what is power in the hands of an expert can be fraught with peril for the unwary. Mastering Regular Expressions will help you navigate the minefield to becoming an expert and help you optimize your use of regular expressions.
Mastering Regular Expressions, Third Edition, now includes a full chapter devoted to PHP and its powerful and expressive suite of regular expression functions, in addition to enhanced PHP coverage in the central "core" chapters. Furthermore, this edition has been updated throughout to reflect advances in other languages, including expanded in-depth coverage of Sun's java.util.regex package, which has emerged as the standard Java regex implementation. Topics include:
A comparison of features among different versions of many languages and tools
How the regular expression engine works
Optimization (major savings available here!)
Matching just what you want, but not what you don't want
Sections and chapters on individual languages
Written in the lucid, entertaining tone that makes a complex, dry topic become crystal-clear to programmers, and sprinkled with solutions to complex real-world problems, Mastering Regular Expressions, Third Edition offers a wealth information that you can put to immediate use.
Reviews of this new edition and the second edition:
"There isn't a better (or more useful) book available on regular expressions."
--Zak Greant, Managing Director, eZ Systems
"A real tour-de-force of a book which not only covers the mechanics of regexes in extraordinary detail but also talks about efficiency and the use of regexes in Perl, Java, and .NET...If you use regular expressions as part of your professional work (even if you already have a good book on whatever language you're programming in) I would strongly recommend this book to you."
--Dr. Chris Brown, Linux Format
"The author does an outstanding job leading the reader from regex novice to master. The book is extremely easy to read and chock full of useful and relevant examples...Regular expressions are valuable tools that every developer should have in their toolbox. Mastering Regular Expressions is the definitive guide to the subject, and an outstanding resource that belongs on every programmer's bookshelf. Ten out of Ten Horseshoes."
--Jason Menard, Java Ranch

本书作者德尔纳用他自己编制的引人入胜的计算机模拟程序，揭示了我们思维中的这些缺陷。他的例子――有时是开心的，有时是吓人的――和他那“梳脑”思维实验，使我们认识到应该如何处理复杂问题。这些实例使本书成为一件矫正工具，一种明智的规划和决策指南，使商业经理、决策者以及面临由此及彼日常挑战的每一个人的思维技巧更加敏锐。本书将改变我们构思变化的方法本身，使我们对成功之路的判断能力得到提高。

When first published in 1959, this book revolutionized contemporary thinking about science and knowledge. It remains the one of the most widely read books about science to come out of the twentieth century.

本书介绍数理逻辑的基础部分。绪论除介绍逻辑初步概念外还讲述了有关集合论和递归论的初步知识。正文前四章的内容属一阶逻辑，其中前两章是以非形式化的方式介绍命题逻辑和谓词逻辑，后两章分别给出了一个经典命题逻辑演算系统P和一个经典谓词逻辑演算系统Q，讨论了它们的元性质，最后还给出了一个与Q等价的形式系统QS。最后一章介绍了有关一阶理论的知识，主要是模型论的基础内容及不可判定问题。各章节后一般都附有适量的习题。本书适合作为高等院校文科、理工科所开设的与现代逻辑相关课程的教材或参考书。

《逻辑》所介绍的主要是逻辑中的演绎法，全书前两部分足对传统逻辑的介绍与批评，第三部分介绍了一个现代西方数理逻辑系统，第四部分则就关于逻辑系统的种种问题进行于深入的探讨。作者以深厚的学术功底、缜密的逻辑思维，将貌似枯燥的逻辑理沦娓娓道来，读来令人如沐春风，豁然开朗之感顿生。

《论道》是金岳霖教授在抗日战争期间完成的一部重要著作，是中国现代哲学中系统最完备、最富有创造性的本体论专著。书中以道、式、能为基本范畴，通过逻辑的推演建构出独特的本体论。这本书的问世使中国学术史产生了方法论上的革命，在重感悟而轻逻辑的中国文化圈中有划时代的意义。本书充分体现了金岳霖先生中西合璧的著述风格。

金岳霖是中国哲学知识沦研究领域的开拓者。《知识论》围绕“以经验之所得还治经验”这一主旨，自觉地将逻辑分析方法严格而系统地运用于哲学研究，特别注重思想的清晰性和论证性，系统地论述了知识的来源、知识的形成以及知识的可靠性、衡量真假的标准等问题。弥补了中国知识论不发达的缺陷，改变了中国传统哲学文本的写作模式。

Hilary Putnam deals in this book with some of the most fundamental persistent problems in philosophy: the nature of truth, knowledge and rationality. His aim is to break down the fixed categories of thought which have always appeared to define and constrain the permissible solutions to these problems.

Sir Alfred Ayer caused a furore with the publication of his LANGUAGE, TRUTH & LOGIC in 1936, when he was only 24. From 1959 until 1978 he was Wykeham Professor of Logic at the University of Oxford. He died in 1989. Ben Rogers is the author of A. J.AYER: A LIFE (Chatto & Windus 1999, Vintage 2000). --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.
Classic introduction to objectives and methods of schools of empiricism and linguistic analysis, especially of the logical positivism derived from the Vienna Circle. Topics: elimination of metaphysics, function of philosophy, nature of philosophical analysis, the a priori, truth and probability, critique of ethics and theology, self and the common world, more. "A delightful book...I should like to have written it myself."—Bertrand Russell.

The intuitive concept of consequence, the notion that one sentence follows logically from another, has driven the study of logic for more than two thousand years. But logic has moved forward dramatically in the past century - largely as a result of bringing mathematics to bear on the field. The infusion of mathematically precise definitions and techniques has turned a field dominated by homely admonitions into one characterized by illuminating theorems. The aim of this book is to correct a common misunderstanding of one of the most widely used techniques of mathematical logic. Central to the received view is Tarski's model-theoretic analysis of logical consequence, which Etchemendy argues is fundamentally mistaken. Save indirectly, by those who question classical principles, this standard analysis has gone unchallenged for half a century, with the result that it has come to seem a piece of common knowledge. Etchemendy's critique will shatter the complacency.

These nine essays are largely concerned with the theory of meaning and references—semantics. At the same time adjacent portions of phil osophy and logic are discussed. To the existence of what objects may a given scientific theory be said to be committed? And what considerations may suitably guide us in accepting or revising such ontological commitments? These are among the questions dealt with in this book, particular attention being devoted to the role of abstract entities in mathematics. There is speculation on the mechanism whereby objects of one sort or another come to be posited a process in which the notion of identity plays an important part.