数学
数学简史 豆瓣 Goodreads
作者: 蔡天新 中信出版集团 2017 - 10
在一般人眼中,数学意味着繁难的计算、无尽的逻辑推演,以及如天书般的公式和符号。这些让数学看起来离我们的生活很远,且与文化艺术这类精神生活毫不相干。而在《数学简史》的作者蔡天新看来,数学与科学、人文的各个分支一样,都是人类大脑进化和智力发展进程的反映。它们在特定的历史时期必然相互影响,并呈现出某种相通的特性。
《数学简史》是一部另类的“数学简史”,跨越了不同的地域和种族,依次探讨了数学与不同文明之间的关系,并各有侧重。关于古代,包括四大文明古国和希腊、阿拉伯,《数学简史》着力于发现有现代意义的亮点;至于近代文明,则考察了文艺复兴的艺术与几何学、工业革命与微积分、法国大革命与应用数学的关系。对现代数学与现代艺术进行阐述和比较,也是《数学简史》的一大亮点。
数学来自人类对生活和世界的观察,以及对现实事物和问题的思考。数学的触角几乎遍及人类社会的每一个角落,以及历史和生命的每一个瞬时。希望读者能通过《数学简史》的阅读,拉近与数学这门抽象学科的心理距离,从中理解各自所学或从事专业与数学的关系,进而反思人类文明的历史进程甚或生活的意义。
The Master Algorithm 豆瓣
作者: Pedro Domingos Basic Books 2015 - 9
A thought-provoking and wide-ranging exploration of machine learning and the race to build computer intelligences as flexible as our own
In the world's top research labs and universities, the race is on to invent the ultimate learning algorithm: one capable of discovering any knowledge from data, and doing anything we want, before we even ask. In The Master Algorithm, Pedro Domingos lifts the veil to give us a peek inside the learning machines that power Google, Amazon, and your smartphone. He assembles a blueprint for the future universal learner--the Master Algorithm--and discusses what it will mean for business, science, and society. If data-ism is today's philosophy, this book is its bible.
Our Mathematical Universe 豆瓣
作者: Max Tegmark Knopf 2014 - 1
Max Tegmark leads us on an astonishing journey through past, present and future, and through the physics, astronomy and mathematics that are the foundation of his work, most particularly his hypothesis that our physical reality is a mathematical structure and his theory of the ultimate multiverse. In a dazzling combination of both popular and groundbreaking science, he not only helps us grasp his often mind-boggling theories, but he also shares with us some of the often surprising triumphs and disappointments that have shaped his life as a scientist. Fascinating from first to last—this is a book that has already prompted the attention and admiration of some of the most prominent scientists and mathematicians.
“Tegmark offers a fascinating exploration of multiverse theories, each one offering new ways to explain ‘quantum weirdness’ and other mysteries that have plagued physicists, culminating in the idea that our physical world is ‘a giant mathematical object’ shaped by geometry and symmetry. Tegmark’s writing is lucid, enthusiastic, and outright entertaining, a thoroughly accessible discussion leavened with anecdotes and the pure joy of a scientist at work.” —Publishers Weekly (starred review)
“Lively and lucid, the narrative invites general readers into debates over computer models for brain function, over scientific explanations of consciousness, and over prospects for finding advanced life in other galaxies. Though he reflects soberly on the perils of nuclear war and of hostile artificial intelligence, Tegmark concludes with a bracingly upbeat call for scientifically minded activists who recognize a rare opportunity to make our special planet a force for cosmic progress. An exhilarating adventure for bold readers.” —Bryce Cristensen, Booklist (starred review)
“Our Mathematical Universe boldly confronts one of the deepest questions at the fertile interface of physics and philosophy: why is mathematics so spectacularly successful at describing the cosmos? Through lively writing and wonderfully accessible explanations, Max Tegmark—one of the world’s leading theoretical physicists—guides the reader to a possible answer, and reveals how, if it’s right, our understanding of reality itself would be radically altered.” —Brian Greene, physicist, author of The Elegant Universe and The Hidden Reality
“Daring, Radical. Innovative. A game changer. If Dr. Tegmark is correct, this represents a paradigm shift in the relationship between physics and mathematics, forcing us to rewrite our textbooks. A must read for anyone deeply concerned about our universe.” —Michio Kaku, author of Physics of the Future
“Tegmark offers a fresh and fascinating perspective on the fabric of physical reality and life itself. He helps us see ourselves in a cosmic context that highlights the grand opportunities for the future of life in our universe.” —Ray Kurzweil, author of The Singularity is Near
“Readers of varied backgrounds will enjoy this book. Almost anyone will find something to learn here, much to ponder, and perhaps something to disagree with.” —Prof. Edward Witten, physicist, Fields Medalist & Milner Laureate
“This inspirational book written by a true expert presents an explosive mixture of physics, mathematics and philosophy which may alter your views on reality.” —Prof. Andrei Linde, physicist, Gruber & Milner Laureate for development of inflationary cosmology
“Galileo famously said that the universe is written in the language of mathematics. Now Max Tegmark says that the universe IS mathematics. You don’t have to necessarily agree, to enjoy this fascinating journey into the nature of reality.” —Prof. Mario Livio, astrophysicist, author of Brilliant Blunders and Is God a Mathematician?
“Scientists and lay aficionados alike will find Tegmark’s book packed with information and very thought provoking. You may recoil from his thesis, but nearly every page will make you wish you could debate the issues face-to-face with him.” —Prof. Julian Barbour, physicist, author of The End of Time
“In Our Mathematical Universe, renowned cosmologist Max Tegmark takes us on a whirlwind tour of the universe, past, present—and other. With lucid language and clear examples, Tegmark provides us with the master measure of not only of our cosmos, but of all possible universes. The universe may be lonely, but it is not alone.” —Prof. Seth Lloyd, Professor of quantum mechanical engineering, MIT, author of Programming the Universe
“A lucid, engaging account of the various many-universes theories of fundamental physics that are currently being considered, from the multiverse of quantum theory to Tegmark’s own grand vision.” —Prof. David Deutsch, physicist, Dirac Laureate for pioneering quantum computing
数学的发现 豆瓣 Goodreads
Mathematical Discovery: On Understanding, Learning and Teaching Problem Solving
作者: 波利亚 译者: 刘景麟 / 曹之江 科学出版社 2006
本书主要讲解思考方法,思维路线,小到眼前怎样解题,大到如何做学问,怎样发现创造数学里的新命题。作者试图通过一些简单典型的例子,找到它们共同的特征,提炼出思考所遵循的路径,引导读者学习如何去思考问题,分析问题,同时也提供了相当丰富的习题让读者亲自实践。
本书适合大、中学校学生和数学教师,数学科学、思维科学研究人员阅读参考。
线性代数实践及MATLAB入门 豆瓣
2009 - 1
《线性代数实践及MATLAB入门(第2版)》在对第1版进行修订的基础上增加了第10章,扩展了在机械和电子专业后续课程中10多个较深的矩阵建模和求解的实例。 《线性代数实践及MATLAB入门(第2版)》第1版是根据“用软件工具提高线性代数教学”的指导思想,参照美国1992—1997国家科学基金项目ATLAST的思路编写成的线性代数补充教材,其目的是补充我国现有教材忽视应用的缺陷。它分为两篇,第一篇介绍线性代数所用的软件工具MATLAB语言,可以作为教材,也可以作为手册使用;第二篇介绍线性代数实践,包括三方面的内容:一是利用MATLAB的可视化功能,给线性代数中的概念赋予了几何形象;二是给线性代数中烦琐的计算提供了简明的算法和程序;三是给出了各个工程和经济领域中使用线性代数建模的大量实例。
《线性代数实践及MATLAB入门(第2版)》既可作为大学本科线性代数的配套教材,也可作为广大理工和经管领域的教师、工程师、高年级本科生和研究生深入学习矩阵建模和掌握其计算机解法的参考读物。
数学 豆瓣
Mathematics: A Very Short Introduction
8.7 (30 个评分) 作者: [英] Timothy Gowers 译者: 刘熙 译林出版社 2014 - 3
所有人在日常生活中都会接触到数学问题,多数人却又对之心存畏惧。在这本极为易读又充满趣味的小书中,蒂莫西·高尔斯解释了高等数学与我们在中小学所学的数学知识之间的一些最为根本的、主要是哲学性的区别,让我们能更好地理解那些听起来带有悖论的概念,比如“无限”“弯曲空间”“虚数”等。从基本的观念,到哲学探究,再到与数学共同体相关的一般社会学问题,本书揭开了空间和数的神秘面纱之一角。
微积分(上册) 豆瓣 Goodreads
Calculus: Early Transcendentals; 5 edition
作者: James Stewart 高等教育出版社 2004 - 7
《微积分》(上)(第5版)为海外优秀数学类教材系列丛书之一,从Thomson Learning出版公司引进,《微积分》(上)(第5版)2003年全球发行约40余万册,在美国,占领了50%-80%的微积分教材市场,其用户包括耶鲁大学等名牌院校及众多一般院校600多所。《微积分》(上)(第5版)历经多年教学实践检验,内容翔实,叙述准确、对每个重要专题,均用语言地、代数地、数值地、图像地予以陈述。作者及其助手花费了三年时间,在各种媒体中寻找了最能反映应用微积分的教学实例,并把它们编入了教材。因此,《微积分》(上)(第5版)例、习题贴近生活实际,能充分调动学生学习的兴趣,此外。《微积分》(上)(第5版)语言朴实、流畅.可读性强,比较适合非英语国家的学生阅读。值的一提的是,《微积分》(上)(第5版)较好地利用了科技。随书附赠两张CD-ROM,一张称为“感受微积分”,提供了一个实验环境,如同一个无声的老师,用探索、发现式的方法逐步引导学生分析并解决问题,还能链接到学习网站www.stewartcalculus.com。另一张称为“交直学习微积分”,包含有与微积分教学有关的视频与音频等。
强力推荐:Calculus: Early Transcendentals 英文原版火热发售
算法导论(原书第3版) 豆瓣
Introduction to Algorithms, Third Edition
8.8 (13 个评分) 作者: Thomas H.Cormen / Charles E.Leiserson 译者: 殷建平 / 徐云 机械工业出版社 2012
在有关算法的书中,有一些叙述非常严谨,但不够全面;另一些涉及了大量的题材,但又缺乏严谨性。本书将严谨性和全面性融为一体,深入讨论各类算法,并着力使这些算法的设计和分析能为各个层次的读者接受。全书各章自成体系,可以作为独立的学习单元;算法以英语和伪代码的形式描述,具备初步程序设计经验的人就能看懂;说明和解释力求浅显易懂,不失深度和数学严谨性。
全书选材经典、内容丰富、结构合理、逻辑清晰,对本科生的数据结构课程和研究生的算法课程都是非常实用的教材,在IT专业人员的职业生涯中,本书也是一本案头必备的参考书或工程实践手册。
第3版的主要变化:
新增了van Emde Boas树和多线程算法,并且将矩阵基础移至附录。
修订了递归式(现在称为“分治策略”)那一章的内容,更广泛地覆盖分治法。
移除两章很少讲授的内容:二项堆和排序网络。
修订了动态规划和贪心算法相关内容。
流网络相关材料现在基于边上的全部流。
由于关于矩阵基础和Strassen算法的材料移到了其他章,矩阵运算这一章的内容所占篇幅更小。
修改了对Knuth-Morris-Pratt字符串匹配算法的讨论。
新增100道练习和28道思考题,还更新并补充了参考文献。
数学之美 豆瓣
8.5 (88 个评分) 作者: [美国] 吴军 人民邮电出版社 2012 - 5
几年前,“数学之美”系列文章原刊载于谷歌黑板报,获得上百万次点击,得到读者高度评价。读者说,读了“数学之美”,才发现大学时学的数学知识,比如马尔可夫链、矩阵计算,甚至余弦函数原来都如此亲切,并且栩栩如生,才发现自然语言和信息处理这么有趣。
今年,作者吴军博士几乎把所有文章都重写了一遍,为的是把高深的数学原理讲得更加通俗易懂,让非专业读者也能领略数学的魅力。读者通过具体的例子学到的是思考问题的方式 —— 如何化繁为简,如何用数学去解决工程问题,如何跳出固有思维不断去思考创新。
Algebraic Topology 豆瓣
作者: Allen Hatcher Cambridge University Press 2001 - 11
In most mathematics departments at major universities one of the three or four basic first-year graduate courses is in the subject of algebraic topology. This introductory textbook in algebraic topology is suitable for use in a course or for self-study, featuring broad coverage of the subject and a readable exposition, with many examples and exercises. The four main chapters present the basic material of the subject: fundamental group and covering spaces, homology and cohomology, higher homotopy groups, and homotopy theory generally. The author emphasizes the geometric aspects of the subject, which helps students gain intuition. A unique feature of the book is the inclusion of many optional topics which are not usually part of a first course due to time constraints, and for which elementary expositions are sometimes hard to find. Among these are: Bockstein and transfer homomorphisms, direct and inverse limits, H-spaces and Hopf algebras, the Brown representability theorem, the James reduced product, the Dold-Thom theorem, and a full exposition of Steenrod squares and powers. Researchers will also welcome this aspect of the book.