心理学
The Big Book of Concepts 豆瓣
作者: Gregory Murphy A Bradford Book 2004 - 1
Concepts embody our knowledge of the kinds of things there are in the world. Tying our past experiences to our present interactions with the environment, they enable us to recognize and understand new objects and events. Concepts are also relevant to understanding domains such as social situations, personality types, and even artistic styles. Yet like other phenomenologically simple cognitive processes such as walking or understanding speech, concept formation and use are maddeningly complex.
Research since the 1970s and the decline of the "classical view" of concepts have greatly illuminated the psychology of concepts. But persistent theoretical disputes have sometimes obscured this progress. The Big Book of Concepts goes beyond those disputes to reveal the advances that have been made, focusing on the major empirical discoveries. By reviewing and evaluating research on diverse topics such as category learning, word meaning, conceptual development in infants and children, and the basic level of categorization, the book develops a much broader range of criteria than is usual for evaluating theories of concepts.
2022年2月2日 已读
综述,都是些老文献,算是概括了20年前的研究“前沿”。作者的个人偏好还挺明显的,稍有偏颇。计算模型讲得不多,模型和实证平衡一些的话会好很多。
心理学
Blackwell Handbook of Judgment and Decision Making (Blackwell Handbooks of Experimental Psychology) 豆瓣
作者: Derek J. Koehler / Nigel Harvey Blackwell Publishing, Incorporated 2004 - 9
The Blackwell Handbook of Judgment and Decision Making is a state-of-the art overview of current topics and research in judgment and decision making. Chapters are contributed by experts in the field from various disciplines such as psychology, cognitive science, business, and law. The selection of topics reflects current trends and controversies on judgment and decision-making. Each chapter includes an overview of the past followed by current work and current directions in the field.The book:- provides a glimpse at the many approaches that have been taken in the study of judgment and decision making, including bounded rationality, computational modelling, and the heuristics and biases approach- portrays the major findings in the field and covers topics such as probablistic reasoning, hypothesis testing, multiattribute choice, and decision making under risk and uncertainty- presents examinations of the broader roles of social, emotional, and cultural influences on decision making- explores applications of judgment and decision making research to important problems in a variety of professional contexts, including finance, accounting, medicine, public policy, and the law<br/>The Blackwell Handbook of Judgment and Decision Makingis a state-of-the art overview of current topics and research in judgment and decision making. Chapters are contributed by experts in the field from various disciplines such as psychology, cognitive science, business, and law. The selection of topics reflects current trends and controversies on judgment and decision-making. Each chapter includes an overview of the past followed by current work and current directions in the field.The book:- provides a glimpse at the many approaches that have been taken in the study of judgment and decision making, including bounded rationality, computational modelling, and the heuristics and biases approach- portrays the major findings in the field and covers topics such as probablistic reasoning, hypothesis testing, multiattribute choice, and decision making under risk and uncertainty- presents examinations of the broader roles of social, emotional, and cultural influences on decision making- explores applications of judgment and decision making research to important problems in a variety of professional contexts, including finance, accounting, medicine, public policy, and the law
The Happiness Hypothesis 豆瓣
作者: Jonathan Haidt Basic Books 2006
In his widely praised book, award-winning psychologist Jonathan Haidt examines the world’s philosophical wisdom through the lens of psychological science, showing how a deeper understanding of enduring maxims-like Do unto others as you would have others do unto you, or What doesn’t kill you makes you stronger-can enrich and even transform our lives.
Reductionism in Art and Brain Science 豆瓣
作者: Eric R. Kandel Columbia University Press 2016 - 8
In this new book, neuroscientist Eric R. Kandel, whose remarkable scientific career and deep interest in art give him a unique perspective, demonstrates how science can inform the way we experience a work of art and seek to understand its meaning.
我们为什么不说话 豆瓣 Goodreads
Animals in Translation
8.2 (24 个评分) 作者: [美]坦普尔·葛兰汀(Temple Grandin) / [美]凯瑟琳·约翰逊(Catherine Johnson) 译者: 马百亮 江西人民出版社 2018 - 1
聊天是人们增进了解的常用方法,但假如是面对一只不会说话的动物呢?如何知道它的小脑袋里在想些什么?
坦普尔·葛兰汀,美国科罗拉多州立大学动物科学教授,被业内称为能翻译动物语言的人,专业研究动物三十年心力之作。
书中有新奇好玩的前沿科学试验,如让鸽子学会分辨毕加索和莫奈的画作;也有贴近生活的实用技巧,如家庭挑选合宠物狗、训练猫咪指南。
全书由表及里地阐释了动物行为背后隐藏的情感、思维及非凡的才能。
When a Parent is Depressed 豆瓣
作者: Beardslee, William 2003
Drawing on vast clinical experience and original research, Dr. Beardslee shows for the first time how the principles of prevention can be effectively applied to families in which a parent is depressed. He offers specific, practical guidelines for parents, caretakers and children as he outlines a step-by-step approach that will enable families to escape the reality of depression's effects on their lives and, from there, to nurture the resilience and bonds that will make them strong.
欢迎来到你的世界 豆瓣
Welcome to Your World:How The Built Environment Shapes Our Lives
7.6 (9 个评分) 作者: [美]莎拉·威廉姆斯·戈德哈根 译者: 丁丹 / 张莹冰 机械工业出版社 2019 - 4
建筑不仅是我们栖居之所,更是我们观照世界的角度。
我们在医院出生、在校园学习、在公寓安家、在写字楼办公......
我们生命中90%的时间都栖息在建筑之中,
我们无意识地感受着建筑对我们的影响,却从未真正理解我们与建筑的关系:
为什么在开阔的空间中,我们更具有创造性?
为什么自然光照和绿植会让我们心率变慢、体质变强?
为什么不同的人在相同的环境下会表现出类似的情绪和行为,或景仰、或宁静、或喜悦、或狂热?
……
此刻,让我们跟随哈佛大学设计研究生院莎拉教授的脚步,一同“走进”我们身处的世界。本书融合了建筑学、认知心理学、美学、社会学和设计的跨界研究,为我们提供了一个全新的、独特的、有趣的认知体系,建立起建筑与我们身体、心灵的连接,帮助探索建筑环境是如何深刻地塑造了我们的情绪、认知和幸福,我们又可以如何改造我们身处的世界,让它变得丰富而友好。
我们塑造着建筑,建筑也塑造着我们。
从雅典帕特农神庙到曼哈顿世贸中心;从法国亚眠大教堂到澳大利亚悉尼歌剧院;从佛罗伦萨圣母百花圣殿到北京798艺术区。
170多幅建筑图片,开启一次跨越全球的建筑美学体验和人文探索之旅。
追寻记忆的痕迹 豆瓣 Goodreads
In Search of Memory: The Emergence of a New Science of Mind
8.5 (30 个评分) 作者: [美] 埃里克·坎德尔 译者: 喻柏雅 后浪丨中国友谊出版公司 2019 - 8
二十世纪神经科学发展史宏大画卷
诺奖科学家的成长经历和科研历程
令人信服地展示了何为一流科学、如何创造一流科学
出版十几年来引领无数学子走进科学殿堂
◎ 编辑推荐
☆ 从第一人称的视角,展现伟大科学家的研究路径、问题意识与情志襟怀
作者以清晰易读的文笔,从研究者本人的角度 向读者介绍了最好的科学研究是如何一步步展开的,从确定题目,到提出假说,寻找实验对象和方法,结识最合适的合作者,直到最后将自己的研究成果公之于众并使之进入商业领域的整个过程,为科学爱好者和有志于科学事业的学生提供了行动的指引。
☆ 同时这也是一部二十世纪神经科学发展史
坎德尔的职业生涯,恰逢现代科学史上最为激动人心的一个时期。在他进入医学院后不久,沃森和克里克发现了DNA的分子结构,给整个生物学界带来了革命性的巨变。神经科学——对记忆、情感、判断等心智活动的生物学机制的研究——在此时作为一个全新的学科浮现出来,而坎德尔就全程见证并参与了这个新学科从无到有的整个经过。
☆ 本书面向的读者群体较为多元,值得推荐给那些渴望从名人传记中汲取人生经验的普通读者、有志于从事学术研究的专业读者、想了解神经科学和心理学的读者,以及对“二战”奥地利犹太难民史感兴趣的读者。此外,本书译者还认为它是一本“赴美留学指南”,它如实地反映了美国高等院校及科研机构的文化氛围,能给那些打算赴美留学的学子及其家长提供绝佳的参考。
◎ 内容简介
本书是美籍犹太裔神经科学家、诺贝尔奖得主埃里克·坎德尔的自传,在书中他不仅表达了个人对其生活和历史的感受和思考,也以亲历者的身份叙述了神经科学这个学科从无到有的发展史——人们如何开始用生物科学的方法研究学习和记忆,在过去的一个世纪里这个领域得到了哪些发展,科学界又对未来怀有哪些愿景和期待。通过阅读这本书,读者不仅可以了解神经科学这一学科的动向,更能窥见最顶尖科学家进行科学探索的思考路径,以及一个伟大科学家的素质和襟怀。本书已被翻译成德语、法语、俄语、意大利语、西班牙语、波斯语等十多个语种,先后荣获2006年度《洛杉矶时报》图书奖和2007年度美国国家学院知识传播奖。
◎ 名人推荐
☆ 恐怕没人能像坎德尔那样在细胞和分子的层面上推动人类记忆机制的研究。他破译大脑记忆密码的激情影响了一代又一代的年轻科学家。在这本书中,我们可以看到一位伟大科学家如何进行思考,并带动了科学的发展。
——蒲慕明,中国科学院院士、神经科学研究所所长,美国科学院院士
☆ 埃里克·坎德尔的这本书别人写不出来。他通过毕生的视角透视科学,跌宕起伏、硕果累累。我们受到了坎德尔持久的激情和坚定的决心指引。我向所有那些正在寻找有关大脑和记忆知识的个人观点,以及那些正在考虑开启科学生涯的读者推荐此书。
——安东尼奥·达马西奥,美国科学院院士,著名神经科学家
☆ 埃里克·坎德尔写出了一部绝佳作品,从头至尾行云流水、一气呵成,展现了神经科学在令人惊叹的20世纪后半叶的壮丽图卷。坎德尔把个人经历与科学研究融为一体,他带来的巨大影响和广泛交流,使得科学成为全世界最重要的共同事业。
——奥利弗·萨克斯,美国人文与科学院院士,著名科普畅销书作家
☆《追寻记忆的痕迹》动人地讲述了埃里克·坎德尔站在脑科学前沿领域的大胆人生,他以分子生物学方法革新了我们对感受到的信息如何存储的认识。
——詹姆斯·沃森,DNA双螺旋结构的发现者之一,诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主
☆ 我向所有对一位重要科学家的人生和工作,或者对我们这个时代的科学进程感兴趣的读者推荐此书。……坎德尔优雅地做出的这些研究,会极大地诱惑有天赋的学生将他开启的这些令人难忘的工作向前推进。
——霍华德·加德纳,美国心理学会威廉·詹姆斯奖得主,著名认知心理学家
☆《追寻记忆的痕迹》融自传、科学史和基础生物学于一炉,是一部无出其右的才华横溢之作。它令人信服地展示了何谓一流科学,以及如何创造一流科学。
——E. O.威尔逊,美国科学院院士,被誉为“社会生物学之父”
偏见的本质 豆瓣
The Nature of Prejudice
8.4 (16 个评分) 作者: [美]戈登·奥尔波特 译者: 凌晨 后浪丨九州出版社 2020 - 10
舒适圈、鄙视链、地图炮、替罪羊……打破偏见从了解偏见开始;《社会性动物》阿伦森推荐的“偏见百科全书”;哈佛大学著名心理学家戈登•奥尔波特写就;偏见是“大脑偷懒”的常态,也是社会习俗对个人价值的侵害,消除偏见不仅要改变个人的行为态度,也要改变导致不平等的社会机构和制度;偏见研究领域的奠基性著作;社会心理学入门必读
▋编辑推荐
▶畅销六十余年的社会心理学名作,截至1979年,全球销量就已突破50万册
▶有层次地从个人心理、社会、传媒、教育、政策等各个方面对偏见的成因和形态做了分析,让读者充分理解这个现象的顽固和复杂。
▶为偏见研究这个学术领域规划了路线图,激发了此后一代代学者的研究灵感。美国心理学会(APA)的网站显示,这本书总共被引用了37676次
▶中文全本首次引进,现任哈佛大学心理学系理查•克拉克•卡波特社会伦理学讲席教授马扎林•贝纳基作序推荐
▋内容简介
本书深入洞察了人类经验复杂性的核心话题“偏见与歧视”,是哈佛大学心理学家、当代社会心理学奠基人之一、人格心理学之父戈登•奥尔波特里程碑式的著作。
在本书出版之前,心理学界普遍认为“偏见”只是个别的,品德有缺陷的个体所持有的恶劣信念,只要大多数善良的好公民与这些“害群之马”划清界限,就可以把偏见的影响降到最低。而奥尔波特以雄辩的论述和大量来自实证研究的数据证明了,偏见要比人们想象得普遍很多;它是人类认知结构和社会组织形态的必然产物,而想要解决偏见造成的问题,就需要探究和改变其深层根源。
奥尔波特全面而深刻的研究揭示了“偏见”这一由来已久的问题的方方面面:它在个人身上的根源是什么,社会心理学层面的根源又在哪里;它的表现形式都有哪些;它对个体和群体又有着哪些影响,等等。奥尔波特探究了偏见与不同社会环境和社会变量之间关系的类型,并进一步提出了关于如何减少歧视和偏见所带来的不良影响的建议。
自1954年在美国首次出版以来,《偏见的本质》就一直是这个领域奠基性的权威著作,即使是数十年后的今天,虽然关于偏见的细化研究比起当时已经有了极大的进步,但奥尔波特这本经典著作仍然不减其魅力,始终是所有社会心理学研究者的案头必读之书。
▋媒体赞誉
很可能是所有出版过的关于这个问题各个方面的研究著作中最出色的一部。
——《人格研究期刊》
一本深刻的著作……作为研究资料来源,这本书本身就堪称一个图书馆。
——《基督教先驱报》
▋名人推荐
《偏见的本质》是严谨的学术讨论和人文价值的惊人结合体……这本书影响了整整一代社会心理学家。
——埃利奥特•阿伦森,美国艺术与科学学院院士,《社会性动物》作者
众所周知,《偏见的本质》是一部经典之作。它的目录为人们讨论和理解偏见这个复杂的人类问题建立了社会科学的学术取径。
——肯尼思•克拉克,纽约城市大学社会心理学教授,社会改革家
这部书的目录在实质上组织了对偏见这一重要概念的学术研究。《偏见的本质》勾画出了研究的领域,确立了其中的基本类别和问题,并将其置于一个广泛的、折衷的框架中,这一框架一直到今天还在使用。
——托马斯•佩蒂格鲁,加州大学圣克鲁兹分校心理学教授
当下, 新冠病毒疫情引起不少群际间关系紧张,这本书及时地给读者提供了对偏见的科学分析,是关心社会共融及世界和平的必读天书。
——康萤仪,香港中文大学商学院卓敏市场学教授
中国人的情感 豆瓣
Understanding Emotion in Chinese Culture : Thinking through Psychology
作者: 吕坤维 译者: 谢中垚 2019 - 7
《中国人的情感》 立足于丰富的本土心理学理论,从多角度对中西文化进行深层剖析,以期清晰地勾勒出中国与西方在认知、情绪/情感风格上的心理差异。本书作者从文化理性、关系、对称性与“和”的概念出发,将东方与西方文化作为互为镜像的心灵世界进行对照式探讨。在传统的西方心理学中,各种情绪被认为是相互独立、割裂的,研究的重点集中于如何调控情绪;而作者通过引用并解析儒释道哲学典籍,提出了中国本土的文化心理学观点,即中国人的情感之建构是内隐的、整体性的。本书将带领读者对那些我们所熟悉的情感(亲密、孤寂)和鲜有人探讨的情感(共鸣、撒娇),甚至更高广泛的概念(自由、创造力和爱)产生全新的理解。
The Oxford Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning 豆瓣
作者: Holyoak, Keith J.; Morrison, Robert G.; Ammirante, Paolo Oxford University Press 2012 - 3
Thinking and reasoning, long the academic province of philosophy, have over the past century emerged as core topics of empirical investigation and theoretical analysis in the modern fields of cognitive psychology, cognitive science, and cognitive neuroscience. Formerly seen as too complicated and amorphous to be included in early textbooks on the science of cognition, the study of thinking and reasoning has since taken off, brancing off in a distinct direction from the field from which it originated. The Oxford Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning is a comprehensive and authoritative handbook covering all the core topics of the field of thinking and reasoning. Written by the foremost experts from cognitive psychology, cognitive science, and cognitive neuroscience, individual chapters summarize basic concepts and findings for a major topic, sketch its history, and give a sense of the directions in which research is currently heading. Chapters include introductions to foundational issues and methods of study in the field, as well as treatment of specific types of thinking and reasoning and their application in a broad range of fields including business, education, law, medicine, music, and science. The volume will be of interest to scholars and students working in developmental, social and clinical psychology, philosophy, economics, artificial intelligence, education, and linguistics.
脑与意识 豆瓣
Consciousness and the Brain: Deciphering How the Brain Codes Our Thoughts
7.8 (9 个评分) 作者: 斯坦尼斯拉斯•迪昂 (Stanislas Dehaene) 译者: 章熠 浙江教育出版社 2018 - 11
[内容简介]
除宇宙外,大脑是目前人类的头号未解之谜,宛若科学领域闪耀的王冠,而王冠上璀璨的明珠,要属人的意识,它令人着迷又深不可测。意识吸引了全世界科学领域的巨擘的目光,而脑科学家斯坦尼斯拉斯·迪昂从这些人里脱颖而出,他让意识探索从空想走向实践。如诺贝尔生理学或医学奖获得者埃里克· 坎德尔所说,迪昂开创的一系列意识实验,彻底改变了脑科学领域。
在《脑与意识》中,迪昂集结了意识与思维近20年来的前沿研究成果,用丰富、富有创新性的实验,将深奥难懂的脑科学知识,以大众看得懂的方式娓娓道来,发现了人类主观意识的客观标志,原来意识是“可见的”,掀起了脑科学的新篇章。
从我们感觉不到无意识讲到人人可察觉的主观思想,从意识的功能讲到意识的测量方法,从与植物人沟通讲到创造有意识的AI。本书对意识与思维背后的脑活动进行了重新定义、检验和阐释,探讨了意识在临床医疗和未来科技方面的潜在用途和进展,为读者打开了新思路。迪昂与同事提出的突破性理论“全脑神经工作空间”书中也进行了详细解释。
让我们跟随迪昂一同踏上旅程,探索人类思想、情感与意志背后那复杂而令人兴奋的真相。
[编辑推荐]
●电子化、智能化将是人类未来的生活基础和主流,这意味着脑科学,尤其是意识问题,将成为人类研究的核心。本书的新探索、新方法、新范式、新观点无疑会为将来脑科学发展开辟新疆土。
●斯坦尼斯拉斯·迪昂的研究跨越神经科学、教育学、心理学、生物学,作为全世界极具影响力的认知神经科学家、欧洲神经科学领军人、“神经科学领域的诺贝尔奖”大脑奖得主,迪昂已超其导师、认知神经科学的创始人之一迈克尔·波斯纳,确立了自己在脑科学领域的大神级地位。
●这本书适合所有奋战在一线的医疗技术人员、医生和人工智能技术专家,它可以帮助医疗人士对病人的意识情况做出诊断,让人工智能专家找到如何让AI拥有人类思维这一问题的答案。本书也适合任何与脑科学直接或间接相关的学科专业人士。对神经科学、实验心理学、教育学初学者来说,它是了解大脑很好的入门书籍,为读者提供了清晰可操作的意识实验范式,对这些学科的专家而言,本书呈现了一幅完整的现代意识研究拼图。对于乐于探索前沿知识的读者,他们可以从这些设计新奇、令人拍案叫绝的实验中锻炼科学思维与逻辑推理。
●诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主埃里克·坎德尔、世界领军神经科学家克里斯·弗里思、加州理工学院的生物学和工程学教授克里斯托弗·科赫、《华盛顿邮报》等盛赞。中科院院士、核物理学家、浙江大学教授唐孝威倾情作序,北京大学校务委员会委员周晓林、复旦大学生命科学学院退休教授顾凡及、浙江大学哲学系教授李恒威、果壳网CEO姬十三、苇草智酷创始合伙人段永朝盛赞推荐!
●湛庐文化出品
Grit 豆瓣
作者: Angela Duckworth Scribner 2016 - 5
In this instant New York Times bestseller, pioneering psychologist Angela Duckworth shows anyone striving to succeed—be it parents, students, educators, athletes, or business people—that the secret to outstanding achievement is not talent but a special blend of passion and persistence she calls “grit.”
Drawing on her own powerful story as the daughter of a scientist who frequently noted her lack of “genius,” Duckworth, now a celebrated researcher and professor, describes her early eye-opening stints in teaching, business consulting, and neuroscience, which led to the hypothesis that what really drives success is not “genius” but a unique combination of passion and long-term perseverance.
In Grit, she takes readers into the field to visit cadets struggling through their first days at West Point, teachers working in some of the toughest schools, and young finalists in the National Spelling Bee. She also mines fascinating insights from history and shows what can be gleaned from modern experiments in peak performance. Finally, she shares what she’s learned from interviewing dozens of high achievers—from JP Morgan CEO Jamie Dimon to New Yorker cartoon editor Bob Mankoff to Seattle Seahawks Coach Pete Carroll.
Among Grit’s most valuable insights:
*Why any effort you make ultimately counts twice toward your goal
*How grit can be learned, regardless of I.Q. or circumstances
*How lifelong interest is triggered
*How much of optimal practice is suffering and how much ecstasy
*Which is better for your child—a warm embrace or high standards
*The magic of the Hard Thing Rule
Winningly personal, insightful, and even life-changing, Grit is a book about what goes through your head when you fall down, and how that—not talent or luck—makes all the difference.
Why We Sleep 豆瓣
9.0 (22 个评分) 作者: Matthew Walker PhD Scribner 2017 - 10
The first sleep book by a leading scientific expert—Professor Matthew Walker, Director of UC Berkeley’s Sleep and Neuroimaging Lab—reveals his groundbreaking exploration of sleep, explaining how we can harness its transformative power to change our lives for the better.
Sleep is one of the most important but least understood aspects of our life, wellness, and longevity. Until very recently, science had no answer to the question of why we sleep, or what good it served, or why we suffer such devastating health consequences when we don't sleep. Compared to the other basic drives in life—eating, drinking, and reproducing—the purpose of sleep remained elusive.
An explosion of scientific discoveries in the last twenty years has shed new light on this fundamental aspect of our lives. Now, preeminent neuroscientist and sleep expert Matthew Walker gives us a new understanding of the vital importance of sleep and dreaming. Within the brain, sleep enriches our ability to learn, memorize, and make logical decisions. It recalibrates our emotions, restocks our immune system, fine-tunes our metabolism, and regulates our appetite. Dreaming mollifies painful memories and creates a virtual reality space in which the brain melds past and present knowledge to inspire creativity.
Walker answers important questions about sleep: how do caffeine and alcohol affect sleep? What really happens during REM sleep? Why do our sleep patterns change across a lifetime? How do common sleep aids affect us and can they do long-term damage? Charting cutting-edge scientific breakthroughs, and synthesizing decades of research and clinical practice, Walker explains how we can harness sleep to improve learning, mood, and energy levels; regulate hormones; prevent cancer, Alzheimer’s, and diabetes; slow the effects of aging; increase longevity; enhance the education and lifespan of our children, and boost the efficiency, success, and productivity of our businesses. Clear-eyed, fascinating, and accessible, Why We Sleep is a crucial and illuminating book
进化的大脑(第二版) 豆瓣
The Accidental Mind: How Brain Evolution Has Given Us Love, Memory, Dreams, and God
作者: [美] 戴维·J·林登 译者: 沈颖 / 上海科学技术出版社 2011
《进化的大脑》是美国约翰·霍普金斯大学医学院神经科学系教授戴维·J·林登博士向公众普及脑科学知识的富于趣味性的读物。作者认为人脑是在长期进化过程中自然形成的组织系统而不是刻意设计的产物,因此将脑比作可以叠加新成分的甜筒冰淇淋。以这一 思路为主线,作者介绍了大脑的构成和基本发育、感觉和感情等,进而描述脑如何支配学习、记忆和个性,如何决定性行为和性倾向,以及脑在睡眠和梦中的活动机制,还尝试性地阐述了脑功能与宗教的关系。本书中穿插了不少趣事并有近50幅插图。
How to Change Your Mind 豆瓣
作者: Michael Pollan 2018 - 5
Michael Pollan, whose curiosity about our eating habits led to thoughtful, culturally transformative writing in The Omnivore’s Dilemma and, most recently, Food Rules, here explores the potential psilocybin and other psychedelics hold for transformation of the spiritual and emotional kind. As he tells it in How to Change Your Mind, a fascinating, sometimes moving look at the history and uses of psychoactive compounds, Pollan avoided such drugs in his youth, but later in life became intrigued by the opportunity “to become more ‘open’—especially at this age, when the grooves of mental habit have been etched so deep as to seem inescapable.” And then there was the chance of experiencing a spiritual epiphany—“touching the face of God,” as one ecstatic user put it. Pollan’s natural skepticism and wry humor is a good match for the detailed accounts he includes of mind-blowing, trip-induced revelations. Ultimately, whether such experiences lead to genuine insight into, say, the origins of the universe or what we can expect after death seems less interesting to Pollan than the hope psychedelics offer people suffering from depression, addiction, and acute illness. Can magic mushrooms be used more broadly for “the betterment of well people”? Readers who begin reading Pollan’s book feeling doubtful about the responsible use of psychedelics may find their own minds changed by his engaging, enlightened, and persuasive combination of personal and journalistic research. “I felt as if I were standing on the edge of a wide-open frontier, squinting to make out something wondrous,” he writes, and with him as our guide, so do we. —Sarah Harrison Smith, Amazon Book Review
Cognitive Search 豆瓣
作者: Peter M. Todd / Thomas T. Hills MIT Press 2012 - 10
Over a century ago, William James proposed that people search through memory much as they rummage through a house looking for lost keys. We scour our environments for territory, food, mates, and information. We search for items in visual scenes, for historical facts, and for the best deals on Internet sites; we search for new friends to add to our social networks, and for solutions to novel problems. What we find is always governed by how we search and by the structure of the environment. This book explores how we search for resources in our minds and in the world. The authors examine the evolution and adaptive functions of search; the neural underpinnings of goal-searching mechanisms across species; psychological models of search in memory, decision making, and visual scenes; and applications of search behavior in highly complex environments such as the Internet. As the range of information, social contacts, and goods continues to expand, how well we are able to search and successfully find what we seek becomes increasingly important. At the same time, search offers cross-disciplinary insights to the scientific study of human cognition and its evolution. Combining perspectives from researchers across numerous domains, this book furthers our understanding of the relationship between search and the human mind.
2018年1月20日 已读
一个论坛的集子,主要提及了ecology, psychology和neuroscience里关乎search这个主题下的研究和视角。论文的质量比较参差。虽然作者个个都是小方向里面开拓性的人物,但内容大概在讲义这个层面上,很少有几篇能算得上综述。倒是一开始Todd, Hills和Robbins对整个论坛提出的问题总结很有意思。
心理学
Heuristics and the Law 豆瓣
作者: Gigerenzer, Gerd (EDT)/ Engel, Christoph (EDT)/ Dahlem Workshop on Heuristics And the La (EDT) The MIT Press 2006 - 8
In recent decades, the economists' concept of rational choice has dominated legal reasoning. And yet, in practical terms, neither the lawbreakers the law addresses nor officers of the law behave as the hyperrational beings postulated by rational choice. Critics of rational choice and believers in "fast and frugal heuristics" propose another approach: using certain formulations or general principles (heuristics) to help navigate in an environment that is not a well-ordered setting with an occasional disturbance, as described in the language of rational choice, but instead is fundamentally uncertain or characterized by an unmanageable degree of complexity. This is the intuition behind behavioral law and economics. In Heuristics and the Law, experts in law, psychology, and economics explore the conceptual and practical power of the heuristics approach in law. They discuss legal theory; modeling and predicting the problems the law purports to solve; the process of making law, in the legislature or in the courtroom; the application of existing law in the courts, particularly regarding the law of evidence; and implementation of the law and the impact of law on behavior.Contributors:Ronald J. Allen, Hal R. Arkes, Peter Ayton, Susanne Baer, Martin Beckenkamp, Robert Cooter, Leda Cosmides, Mandeep K. Dhami, Robert C. Ellickson, Christoph Engel, Richard A. Epstein, Wolfgang Fikentscher, Axel Flessner, Robert H. Frank, Bruno S. Frey, Gerd Gigerenzer, Paul W. Glimcher, Daniel G. Goldstein, Chris Guthrie, Jonathan Haidt, Reid Hastie, Ralph Hertwig, Eric J. Johnson, Jonathan J. Koehler, Russell Korobkin, Stephanie Kurzenhauser, Douglas A. Kysar, Donald C. Langevoort, Richard Lempert, Stefan Magen, Callia Piperides, Jeffrey J. Rachlinski, Clara Sattler de Sousa e Brito, Joachim Schulz, Victoria A. Shaffer, Indra Spiecker genannt Dohmann, John Tooby, Gerhard Wagner, Elke U. Weber, Bernd Wittenbrink