#Science
I Contain Multitudes 豆瓣
作者: Ed Yong Ecco 2016 - 8
A groundbreaking, marvelously informative “microbe’s-eye view” of the world that reveals a radically reconceived picture of life on earth.
For most of human existence, microbes were hidden, visible only through the illnesses they caused. When they finally surfaced in biological studies, they were cast as rogues. Only recently have they immigrated from the neglected fringes of biology to its center. Even today, many people think of microbes as germs to be eradicated, but those that live with us—the microbiome—are invaluable parts of our lives.
I Contain Multitudes lets us peer into that world for the first time, allowing us to see how ubiquitous and vital microbes are: they sculpt our organs, defend us from disease, break down our food, educate our immune systems, guide our behavior, bombard our genomes with their genes, and grant us incredible abilities. While much of the prevailing discussion around the microbiome has focused on its implications for human health, Yong broadens this focus to the entire animal kingdom, giving us a grander view of life.
With humor and erudition, Ed Yong prompts us to look at ourselves and our fellow animals in a new light: less as individuals and more as the interconnected, interdependent multitudes we assuredly are. When we look at the animal kingdom through a microbial lens, even the most familiar parts of our lives take on a striking new air. We learn the secret, invisible, and wondrous biology behind the corals that construct mighty reefs, the glowing squid that can help us understand the bacteria in our own guts, the beetles that bring down forests, the disease-fighting mosquitoes engineered in Australia, and the ingredients in breast milk that evolved to nourish a baby’s first microbes. We see how humans are disrupting these partnerships and how scientists are now manipulating them to our advantage. We see, as William Blake wrote, the world in a grain of sand.
I Contain Multitudes is the story of these extraordinary partnerships, between the familiar creatures of our world and those we never knew existed. It will change both our view of nature and our sense of where we belong in it.
2021年7月10日 已读
[有聲書] 這是我一直堅定地告訴幼崽掉在地上的東西可以撿起來吃的理論依據。
另外看到有院士創刊徵稿中(音 [巫 wū])醫對人類微生物組影響的文章就又替廣大從業者的飯碗鬆了一口大氣。
#Science @UK EdYong
In Search of Memory 豆瓣
作者: Eric R. Kandel W. W. Norton & Company 2006 - 3
Nobelist Eric Kandel's account of how his personal quest to understand memory intersected with the emergence of a new science.
In Search of Memory relates the astonishing story of how four different and distinct disciplines—behaviorist psychology, cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and molecular biology—converged into a powerful new science of mind. Through its profound insights into thought, perception, action, recollection, and mental illness, this new science is revolutionizing our understanding of learning and memory while simultaneously showing great promise for more effective healing.
The narrative follows Eric R. Kandel through the last five decades, focusing on Vienna, where he became fascinated with memory. With intrepid scientific ardor, Kandel was captivated first by history and psychoanalysis, then by neurobiology, and finally by the biological processes of memory. His resulting, multifaceted perspective was the foundation for his path-breaking research that will continue to dominate modern thought—not only in science but in culture at large. 50 illustrations.
The Myth of Mirror Neurons 豆瓣
作者: Gregory Hickok W. W. Norton & Company 2014 - 8
An essential reconsideration of one of the most far-reaching theories in modern neuroscience and psychology.
In 1992, a group of neuroscientists from Parma, Italy, reported a new class of brain cells discovered in the motor cortex of the macaque monkey. These cells, later dubbed mirror neurons, responded equally well during the monkey’s own motor actions, such as grabbing an object, and while the monkey watched someone else perform similar motor actions. Researchers speculated that the neurons allowed the monkey to understand others by simulating their actions in its own brain.
Mirror neurons soon jumped species and took human neuroscience and psychology by storm. In the late 1990s theorists showed how the cells provided an elegantly simple new way to explain the evolution of language, the development of human empathy, and the neural foundation of autism. In the years that followed, a stream of scientific studies implicated mirror neurons in everything from schizophrenia and drug abuse to sexual orientation and contagious yawning.
In The Myth of Mirror Neurons, neuroscientist Gregory Hickok reexamines the mirror neuron story and finds that it is built on a tenuous foundation—a pair of codependent assumptions about mirror neuron activity and human understanding. Drawing on a broad range of observations from work on animal behavior, modern neuroimaging, neurological disorders, and more, Hickok argues that the foundational assumptions fall flat in light of the facts. He then explores alternative explanations of mirror neuron function while illuminating crucial questions about human cognition and brain function: Why do humans imitate so prodigiously? How different are the left and right hemispheres of the brain? Why do we have two visual systems? Do we need to be able to talk to understand speech? What’s going wrong in autism? Can humans read minds?
The Myth of Mirror Neurons not only delivers an instructive tale about the course of scientific progress—from discovery to theory to revision—but also provides deep insights into the organization and function of the human brain and the nature of communication and cognition.
盲眼钟表匠 豆瓣
The Blind Watchmaker: Why the Evidence of Evolution Reveals a Universe without Design
8.7 (9 个评分) 作者: [英] 理查德·道金斯 译者: 王道还 中信出版社 2014 - 8
这是英国著名生物学家、《自私的基因》的作者道金斯又一本经典之作。本书是正宗的演化论入门书,是我们认识自己,认识生命本身的绝佳读本。作者道金斯在《自私的基因》之后,以“生物适应的起源”为核心,用稳健的文笔,详细阐释了生物适应是任何演化理论家不可回避的问题,而天择说是唯一可信的理论。一些学者提出了足以替代天择说的理论,或者认为天择说无足轻重,都过不了解释生物适应这一关。突变和自然选择是道金斯解释生命变化的两个基本概念。无论是对演化论有兴趣的朋友,还是持批判观点的人,本书都是最好的起点。本书是英语世界最流行的演化论教科书,曾获英国皇家文学学会非小说类最佳书奖、美国洛杉矶时报的文学奖。译者王道还先生说:“要是你一辈子只想读一本有关演化的书,就读这一本!”
“钟表”是“世界运行模式”的隐喻,象征自然运行的机制是环环相扣、一丝不苟的。“钟表匠”本来是“创世主”。本书指出:物种的演化并没有特殊的目的。如果我是要把大自然比喻成钟表匠的话,我们只能说它是一位盲眼钟表匠。
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各界评价:
他成功且令人钦佩地展示了自然选择是如何让生物学家们放弃了诸如设计、目的这样的概念,并且用一种大家易于的理解的方式展示给了现代读者。
——Michael T.GhIselin 纽约时报
这是我近些年读过的关于演化论最好的书。对于生物学家而言它足够深刻,对于大量享受《自私的基因》一书的读者来说,它写的够好,读起来足够简单。
——Edward O.Wilson
才华横溢,辩论紧张却又有大量可读性强极强,充分的例子与分析……《盲眼钟表匠》呈现出一场令人信服的科学辩论是什么样子,这是最好的科普。一个令人鼓舞的二流主题。有创造性的,走上歧途的同伴,其他科学领域被误导的闯入者,以及媒体错误报道来带的令人。极力推荐!
——伦敦时报
漂亮而华丽的写作。特别易于理解又像一场抑扬顿挫充满激情的演说。每一页都是真实的故事。这是最好的科普读物,我曾经读过的最好的书。
——Lee Dembart,洛杉矶时报
在让普通大众理解和接受演化生物学方面,道金斯比现今任何人都写的好。
——John Maynard Smith
自1859年达尔文进化论出版以来,该理论最可读的读本,最有力的捍卫!
——经济学人
批评中医 豆瓣
7.8 (12 个评分) 作者: 方舟子 中国协和医科大学出版社 2007 - 3
编者是从科学的角度,而不是文化的角度来反对中医的。置疑中医的科学价值,并不等于否定中医的文化价值。编者完全支持把中医做为一种文化遗产进行保护、研究。
中药、针灸等中医具体疗法包涵一些治疗经验,值得挖掘,但是要用现代医学方法检验其有效性和安全性,不要轻信传统经验。
科学不是万能的,有其局限性,在不断地发展中。正因为现代医学是科学,所以它不可能像某些中医那样吹嘘什么病都能治。有很多疾病现代医学还没有很好的治疗办法。如果你不幸得了这些疾病,愿意去代中医试试,死马当成活马医,这是你的权利。你有可能被治好了病,但也可能是白花了大笔钱、增加了不必要的痛苦。笔者质疑中医,不仅仅是为了提高国民的科学素质,更是关系到国民的健康和切身利益。能否超出朴素的民族感情科学地看待中医,是检验一个中国人的科学理性素养的试金石。
致青年学者 豆瓣
Advice for a Young Investigator
作者: [西]圣地亚哥·拉蒙-卡哈尔 译者: 刘璐 新华出版社 2010 - 1
《致青年学者:一位诺贝奖获得者的人生忠告》是诺贝尔奖获得者圣地亚哥·拉蒙-卡哈尔的传世之作,该书在100多年前出版时曾轰动西班牙,并被译成多种语言在全世界畅销至今,在很多国家被列为大学生、青年学者的必读书籍。19世纪的西班牙,在政治和经济领域都不是欧洲的强权国家,年轻的卡哈尔在没有任何背景的情况下进入了科学界,经过自己的不懈努力,终于成为西班牙少数能享誉国际的科学家,并于1906年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。卡哈尔将他自己进行科学研究的心得以及在大学执教所作的思考进行总结,撰写了《致青年学者:一位诺贝奖获得者的人生忠告》,希望帮助刚刚迈入科学研究大门的年轻人建立正确的研究态度和方法。《致青年学者:一位诺贝奖获得者的人生忠告》谈到了作为一名学者应该具备的素质,研究时的态度与方法,比如勤奋,耐心,抱负,认真的态度;甚至谈到了研究者的婚姻观,爱国情操,及影响科学研究工作的社会因素,涵盖内容丰富,而这些对现在的研究者来说仍然十分重要。
无论你是刚刚进入科研领域的新人,正着手一项研究项目;或是还在上学的学生,正在苦于自己的学位论文,《致青年学者:一位诺贝奖获得者的人生忠告》都将带给你无穷的启发。