The employer-driven push to systematically replace Black workers with unauthorized immigrants

In The Manufacturing of Job Displacement, Laura López-Sanders argues that the walls of American businesses hide a system of illegal practices and behaviors that lead to racial inequality in the labor market. Drawing on extensive research in South Carolina manufacturing facilities, nearly 300 interviews, and her own experience working at both the “bottom” of the labor market (e.g., cleaning toilets and on assembly-line jobs) and in mid-level supervisory positions, López-Sanders provides a behind-the-scenes accounting of daily factory life.

She uncovers preferential hiring practices that fly in the face of civil rights legislation barring employment discrimination, including orchestrated actions of employers to systematically replace Black workers with Hispanic unauthorized immigrants. López-Sanders argues against the predominant view that worker displacement occurs primarily because of hiring biases or social networks. Instead, she shows that employers intervene strategically, relying on subcontractors, agencies, and intermediaries to shift the race and gender in an organization. They also use vulnerable and tractable immigrant labor to impose and justify untenable standards that drive native-born workers out of their jobs and create vacancies to be filled by additional immigrant workers. The Manufacturing of Job Displacement sheds new light on a classic question about ethnic succession and segmentation in the labor market and reorients the ongoing debates about the economic impact of immigration.

In the 1960s, sex researchers Masters and Johnson declared the end of the fake orgasm. Nearly two decades later, in 1982, evangelical activist Tim LaHaye foretold that the entire pornography industry would soon be driven out of business. Neither prediction proved true. Instead, with the rise of the internet, pornography saturates the American conscience more than ever and has reshaped our understanding of sexuality, relationships, media, and even the nature of addiction.
Dr. Kelsy Burke has spent the last five years researching and interviewing internet pornography's opponents and its sympathizers. In The Pornography Wars, Burke does a deep dive into the long history of pornography in America and then turns her gaze on our present society to examine the ways this industry touches on the most intimate parts of American lives. She offers a complete understanding of the major players in the debates around porn's place in society: everyone from sex workers, activists, therapists, religious leaders, and consumers. In doing so, she addresses and debunks the myths that surround porn and porn usage while showing how everything from the way we teach children about sex to the legal protections for what can be published is tied up in the deeply complicated battles over pornography.
Sweeping, savvy, and deeply researched, The Pornography Wars is a necessary and comprehensive new look at pornography and American life.

In her first book since the widely acclaimed Strangers in Their Own Land, the National Book Award finalist and bestselling author Arlie Russell Hochschild now ventures to Appalachia, uncovering the “pride paradox” that has given the right’s appeals such resonance
For all the attempts to understand the state of American politics and the blue/red divide, we’ve ignored what economic and cultural loss can do to pride. What happens, Arlie Russell Hochschild asks, when a proud people in a hard-hit region suffer the deep loss of pride and are confronted with a powerful political appeal that makes it feel “stolen”?
Hochschild’s research drew her to Pikeville, Kentucky, in the heart of Appalachia, within the whitest and second-poorest congressional district in the nation, where the city was reeling: coal jobs had left, crushing poverty persisted, and a deadly drug crisis struck the region. Although Pikeville was in the political center thirty years ago, by 2016, 80 percent of the district’s population voted for Donald Trump. Her brilliant exploration of the town’s response to a white nationalist march in 2017—a rehearsal for the deadly Unite the Right march that would soon take place in Charlottesville, Virginia—takes us deep inside a torn and suffering community.
In Stolen Pride, Hochschild focuses on a group swept up in the shifting political landscape: blue-collar men. In small churches, hillside hollers, roadside diners, trailer parks, and Narcotics Anonymous meetings, Hochschild introduces us to unforgettable people, and offers an original lens through which to see them and the wider world. In Stolen Pride, Hochschild incisively explores our dangerous times, even as she also points a way forward.

Love’s Uncertainty explores the hopes and anxieties of urban, middle-class parents in contemporary China. Combining long-term ethnographic research with analyses of popular child-rearing manuals, television dramas, and government documents, Teresa Kuan bears witness to the dilemmas of ordinary Chinese parents, who struggle to reconcile new definitions of good parenting with the reality of limited resources. Situating these parents’ experiences in the historical context of state efforts to improve "population quality," Love’s Uncertainty reveals how global transformations are expressed in the most intimate of human experiences. Ultimately, the book offers a meditation on the nature of moral agency, examining how people discern, amid the myriad contingencies of life, the boundary between what can and cannot be controlled.

In this intrepid, groundbreaking book, Richard Sennett and Jonathan Cobb uncover and define a new form of class conflict in America—an internal conflict in the heart and mind of the blue-collar worker who measures his own value against those lives and occupations to which our society gives a special premium. The authors conclude that in the games of hierarchical respect, no class can emerge the victor; and that true egalitarianism can be achieved only by rediscovering diverse concepts of human dignity. Examining personal feelings in terms of a totality of human relations, and looking beyond the struggle for economic survival, The Hidden Injuries of Class takes an important step forward in the sociological critique of everyday life.

《传承与断裂》是目前学术界为数不多的对20世纪中叶中国社会学发展史进行深度书写学术史研究，也是一项探索学者与社会、学术与变迁、知识与权力互动关系的知识社会学研究。旨在通过对上述时间段内中国社会学家个人经历和社会学学科变迁发展历史进程的描述，加深我们对社会学中国化特征的理解，从而为中国社会学乃至整个社会科学的发展提供有益借鉴。本书开头部分，着重介绍相关理论背景、史料来源和研究方法。 本书主体部分，通过深描中国第一代社会学家中几位杰出的代表人物（吴文藻、陶孟和、李景汉、陈达、孙本文、费孝通、严景耀、吴景超等）在20世纪四五十年代的学术发展、人生轨迹和心路历程，分析他们承担的社会角色与其学术取向和研究特征之间的关系、追寻作为一种思想体系和一门学科制度的社会学在这个时期的命运轨迹，从一个较小的剖面，揭示20世纪中国社会社会结构巨大变迁的形态及其意义。

我從關係論視角來分析魯凱人的生命儀禮、社會交換與情感社交，論證「人做為情感主體在歷史上如何出現？」做為研究魯凱人親屬關係本體論關鍵課題，提供以家與親屬為參照點的多重社群性之理論化的基礎。本研究指出魯凱人的人觀、親屬與家的社群性歷經以下轉變：在殖民現代性下，階序關係與各類交換關係主導並將人形塑為符合家之繁衍的性別、情緒與工作的社會存有；資本主義經濟下的自由戀愛促使年輕工作者反抗父母權威，成為表達內心感受的情感主體；金融化之後，生命儀禮與情感社交中的同歡、欲望的伏流、自我美學化以及數位裝置的無意指符號等，將當代魯凱人形塑成面貌各異的情感欲望主體。更重要地，這些關涉到當代以家為中心的社群性之性質。一方面，我主張從當代情感欲望主體的出現來歷史化親屬關係的本體論，並質疑當前親屬研究所預設的普遍人性和跨歷史的、自成一格的親屬邏輯。另一方面，我提議以分裂主體和情感社群性的概念去重新審視並定位當前有關人類主體與社群性的理論思辨。

這是一本「惡之書」，卻也是人類未來的「希望之書」
社會秩序的起源是什麼？是人與人的契約，還是凌駕個體的權力巨獸？
迥異於傳統哲學的回答，賽荷竟然說，人類關係的本質，與寄食者（parasite）和宿主之間的關係並無二致。地球是寄食者的地球。奇詭的是，從古代神話對人性的捕捉，到當代前沿系統科學之研究，無不呼應賽荷的論點。以寄食者取而不給、無法逆轉的單向關係小箭頭，賽荷建構出看似撒旦產物的暗黑寄食理論，卻是我們在這失序的網絡時代，重建技術與勞動、經濟與社會等人類關係的一盞明燈。
本書特色
◎獨創「故事」與「概念」的雙重標題寫作方式，兼具可讀性與思考深度。
◎對人們習以為常、深信不疑的各種哲學概念，進行全面且顛覆性的盤整。
──重新定義秩序：噪音並非純然負面，反倒可能意味新系統的突現
▐　飯廳裡有兩個系統：宴席和電話。所謂噪音，即席間的喧嘩，指的是妨礙我與電話另一端的人對話的雜音；然而，它對賓客而言卻是訊息。反過來，他們會認為我獨自在一旁講話，根本無異於擾攘。噪音是一系統的終點，但也形成新系統。
▐　事實上，系統總是同時按多個準則來運作。系統要得以鞏固，便要令自身更加寬容。它開始接納瘋狂、偏差、革命家、分離份子。有機體一向與微生物相處融洽，有了牠們而經歷磨練，活得更好。
▐　寄食者勇於創新。他騙取能量，僅以資訊為報。他講述故事，然後巧奪烤肉。這是訂立新契約的兩種方式。相對於古老的對等關係，他制訂的是不平等協定，他亦建立嶄新的結算方式。
──重新反省邏輯：虛假的二分法與單一標準的理性，都不再適合解釋世界
▐　我剛才談到的哲學在一種想像的世界大行其道。這世界裡，只存在單一系統，而且只依照唯一的標準或原則而構成。但事實上，系統都異常複雜；事實上，系統都並非單獨存在。
▐　身體才是球的客體，身體主體要環繞這太陽轉動。……所謂玩球，不過是把球看作實體，然後讓自己成為它的屬性。遊戲規則是就它而寫，是為它而定的，而且我們都要服從這些規則。
▐　韃靼的海盜、英倫的強虜，倘若我是站在被俘獲的一方，我便不知道這兩者有何差別。……要在天堂與地獄間作判別，才是地獄；唯有認為上帝有別於撒旦，斯有撒旦；邪惡正位於善惡的十字路口。
──重新書寫歷史：人類對自然的介入，作為文明原動力，正是寄食地球的表現
▐　想要肅清或聖化某一處地方，諸如聖地或園圃，一開始就要對所有物種進行全面而根本的驅逐。而不僅止於某隻闖進來的兔子。除非把植被刮乾淨，化為一張白紙——除非使某些土地完全裸露——否則農業是無從開始的。
▐　農業與文化不但同源，更有著一樣的基礎，那就是：驅逐而產生淨土，騰出空白的地方，以實現與平衡狀態的決裂。乾淨的地方，就是有所屬的地方。
▐　歷史時間的不可逆，則由人類寄食者的介入開始。至少是從農業與畜牧開始的。……它使系統微微地改變了狀態。它把系統弄斜了。它擾亂了系統的平衡或能量分佈。它給系統打興奮劑，使它發炎、受刺激。
▐　寄食者拿了東西，卻什麼也不給。……這是單向的箭頭，無法逆轉，不會回頭，它在我們之間流傳，它是最根本的關係，它是觸發改變的小角度。濫用在先，使用在後；先有偷竊，才有交易。從這小箭頭出發，我們也許能重建技術與勞動，經濟與社會，或至少重新思索它們的意義為何。這是關係的基本理論。
各界讚譽
賽荷是位富有想像力、智識極為淵博的思想家。他在多重的領域間遊走：物理學、資訊理論、文學、哲學、神學、人類學、音樂、藝術、政治經濟學。他也探討了表面上殊異的諸多作品：拉封丹寓言、盧梭懺悔錄、莫里哀偽君子、柏拉圖會飲篇及聖經。賽荷打算證明，自然科學與人文科學終將殊途同歸。──《宗教研究評論》
這是一種有著全新基調的哲學：多變、精練又充滿敘事性。──《圖書館期刊》

On a visit to eastern Hui'an in 1994, Sara Friedman was surprised to see a married woman reluctant to visit her conjugal home. The author would soon learn that this practice was typical of the area, along with distinctive female dress styles, gender divisions of labor, and powerful same-sex networks. These customs, she would learn, have long distinguished villages in this coastal region of southeastern China from other rural Han communities.
Intimate Politics explores these practices that have constituted eastern Hui'an residents, women in particular, as an anomaly among rural Han. This book asks what such practices have come to mean in a post-1949 socialist order that has incorporated forms of marriage, labor, and dress into a developmental scale extending from the primitive to the civilized. Government reform campaigns were part of a wholesale effort to remake Chinese society by replacing its "feudal" elements with liberated socialist ideals and practices. As state actors became involved in the intimate aspects of Huidong women's lives, their official models of progress were challenged by the diversity of local practices and commitment of local residents. These politicized entanglements have generated what the author calls "intimate politics," a form of embodied struggle in which socialist civilizing agendas--from the state-sponsored reforms of the Maoist decades to the market-based "reform and opening" of the post-Mao era--have been formulated, contested, and, in some cases, transformed through the bodies and practices of local women.

"More than ever, it feels like cultural and political divisions over firearms are tearing the United States apart. Guns are an undeniable and contradictory presence in America, both widely owned and controversial. This highly anticipated book by David Yamane, a nationally recognized authority on the subject, does something truly remarkable: it promotes insight over animosity in understanding the complex reality of guns in America. It challenges firearms skeptics, entertains enthusiasts, and informs the uncommitted by taking readers on a surprising journey inside gun culture in a way no book has. A lifelong liberal from the San Francisco Bay Area, Yamane became a new gun owner as a forty-two-year-old and embarked on an immersive twelve-year study of American gun culture. In this book, he weaves together his personal experiences and sociological observations to explain why guns make sense to those who own them. Yamane illuminates defensive gun ownership, the risk of negative outcomes associated with firearms, and what responsible gun ownership looks like in the twenty-first century. Wide-ranging and highly readable, it lowers the heat on America's inflamed arguments about firearms and models the civil discussions we desperately need right now. If you're ready for more light and less heat, Gun Curious is for you"--

Hong Kong is a meeting ground for migrant domestic workers, traders, refugees, asylum seekers, temporary laborers, tourists, and local residents. At the heart of this book are the stories and experiences of migrant mothers from Indonesia and the Philippines, their South Asian, African, Chinese and Western expatriate partners, and their Hong Kong born babies. Constable gives voice to the migrant mothers in this Asian world city and, in the process, she raises the deceptively simple point that that they must be understood as people with rights, not just workers. This rich and accessible ethnography provides insight into global problems of mobility, family and citizenship, and points to the consequences, creative responses, melodramas, and tragedies of labor and migration policies.

From Chinatown to Every Town explores the recent history of Chinese immigration within the United States and the fundamental changes in spatial settlement that have relocated many low-skilled Chinese immigrants from New York City's Chinatown to new immigrant destinations. Using a mixed-method approach over a decade in Chinatown and six destination states, sociologist Zai Liang specifically examines how the expansion and growing popularity of Chinese restaurants has shifted settlement to more rural and faraway areas. Liang's study demonstrates that key players such as employment agencies, Chinatown buses, and restaurant supply shops facilitate the spatial dispersion of immigrants while simultaneously maintaining vital links between Chinatown in Manhattan and new immigrant destinations.

Cosmetic surgery was once associated with a one-size-fits-all approach, modifying patients to conform to a single standard of beauty. As this surgery has become more accessible worldwide, changing beauty trends have led to a proliferation of beauty standards for members of different racial groups. Alka V. Menon enters the world of cosmetic surgeons, journeying from a sprawling convention center in Kyoto to boutique clinics in the multicultural countries of the United States and Malaysia. She shows how surgeons generate and apply knowledge using racial categories and how this process is affected by transnational clinical and economic exchanges. Surgeons not only measure and organize but also elaborate upon racial differences in a globalized field of medicine. Focusing on the role of cosmetic surgeons as gatekeepers and producers of desired appearances, Refashioning Race argues that cosmetic surgeons literally reshape race—both on patients' bodies and at the broader level of culture. 

Comparing two
consequential movements that shed light on the nature of revolution Revolutions in Cuba and Venezuela compares the sociopolitical processes behind two major revolutions--those of Cuba in 1959, when Fidel Castro came to power, and Venezuela in 1999, when Hugo Chávez won the presidential election. With special attention to the Cuba-Venezuela alliance, particularly in regards to foreign policy and the trade of doctors for oil, Silvia Pedraza and Carlos Romero show that the geopolitical theater where these events played out determined the dynamics and reach of the revolutions.Updating and enriching the current understanding of the Cuban and Venezuelan revolutions, this study is unique in its focus on the massive exoduses they generated. Pedraza and Romero argue that this factor is crucial for comprehending a revolution's capacity to succeed or fail. By externalizing dissent, refugees helped to consolidate the revolutions, but as the diasporas became significant political actors and the lifelines of each economy, they eventually served to undermine the social movements.Using comparative historical analysis and data collected through fieldwork in Cuba and Venezuela, as well as from immigrant communities in the US, Pedraza and Romero discuss issues of politics, economics, migrations, authoritarianism, human rights, and democracy in two nations that hoped to make a better world through their revolutionary journeys. Publication of this work made possible by a Sustaining the
Humanities through the American Rescue Plan grant from the National Endowment
for the Humanities as well as the University of Michigan's Office of Research
Publication Subvention Award.

Soon after 9/11, wild rumors began to spread: that Arab-Americans were celebrating publicly, that some people had been warned, that politicians knew all along. The Global Grapevine reveals how-through our everyday thoughts and conversations, and the rumors we spread--we grapple with the new global world. Drawn from diverse sources, the book illuminates urban legends like the claim that a certain t-shirt with a Chinese pictogram brands the wearer as a prostitute, conspiracy theories such as the "9/11 Truth Movement," or stories of tourists infected with AIDS by locals. These rumors, the authors argue, reflect our anxieties and fears about contact with foreign cultures--how we believe foreign competition to be poisoning the domestic economy and foreign immigration to be eroding American values. Focusing on the threat posed by terrorism, the impact of immigration, the risks involved in international trade, and the dangers faced by naive tourism, the book provides a broad survey of the most widely circulated rumors and examines what these tales reveal about contemporary society.

Authoritarian Absorption portrays the rebuilding of China's pandemic response system through its anti-HIV/AIDS battle from 1978 to 2018. Going beyond the conventional domestic focus, Yan Long analyzes the influence of foreign interventions which challenged the post-socialist state's inexperience with infectious diseases and pushed it towards professionalizing public health bureaucrats and embracing more liberal, globally aligned technocratic measures. This transformation involved a mix of confrontation and collaboration among transnational organizations, the Chinese government, and grassroots movements, which turned epidemics into a battleground for enhancing the state's domestic control and international status. Foreign interveners effectively mobilized China's AIDS movement and oriented activists towards knowledge-focused epistemic activities to propel the insertion of Western rules, knowledge, and practices into the socialist systems. Yet, Chinese bureaucrats played this game to their advantage by absorbing some AIDS activist subgroups—notably those of urban HIV-negative gay men—along with their foreign-trained expertise and technical proficiency into the state apparatus. This move allowed them to expand bodily surveillance while projecting a liberal façade for the international audience.

Drawing on longitudinal-ethnographic research, Long argues against a binary view of Western liberal interventions as either success or failure, highlighting instead the paradoxical outcomes of such efforts. On one hand, they can bolster public health institutions in an authoritarian context, a development pivotal to China's subsequent handling of COVID-19 and instrumental in advancing the rights of specific groups, such as urban gay men. On the other hand, these interventions may reinforce authoritarian control and further marginalize certain populations—such as rural people living with HIV/AIDS and female sex workers—within public health systems.

Social capital theorists have shown that some people do better than others in part because they enjoy larger, more supportive, or otherwise more useful networks. But why do some people have better networks than others? Unanticipated Gains argues that the practice and structure of the churches, colleges, firms, gyms, childcare centers, and schools in which people happen to participate routinely matter more than their deliberate "networking." Exploring the experiences of New York City mothers whose children were enrolled in childcare centers, this book examines why a great deal of these mothers, after enrolling their children, dramatically expanded both the size and usefulness of their personal networks. Whether, how, and how much the mother's networks were altered--and how useful these networks were--depended on the apparently trivial, but remarkably consequential, practices and regulations of the centers. The structure of parent-teacher organizations, the frequency of fieldtrips, and the rules regarding drop-off and pick-up times all affected the mothers' networks. Relying on scores of in-depth interviews with mothers, quantitative data on both mothers and centers, and detailed case studies of other routine organizations, Small shows that how much people gain from their connections depends substantially on institutional conditions they often do not control, and through everyday processes they may not even be aware of. Emphasizing not the connections that people make, but the context in which they are made, Unanticipated Gains presents a major new perspective on social capital and on the mechanisms producing social inequality.

When people are facing difficulties, they often feel the need for a confidant-a person to vent to or a sympathetic ear with whom to talk things through. How do they decide on whom to rely? In theory, the answer seems obvious: if the matter is personal, they will turn to a spouse, a family member, or someone close. In practice, what people actually do often belies these expectations.
In Someone To Talk To, Mario Luis Small follows a group of graduate students as they cope with stress, overwork, self-doubt, failure, relationships, children, health care, and poverty. He unravels how they decide whom to turn to for support. And he then confirms his findings based on representative national data on adult Americans.
Small shows that rather than consistently relying on their "strong ties," Americans often take pains to avoid close friends and family, as these relationships are both complex and fraught with expectations. In contrast, they often confide in "weak ties," as the need for understanding or empathy trumps their fear of misplaced trust. In fact, people may find themselves confiding in acquaintances and even strangers unexpectedly, without having reflected on the consequences.
Someone To Talk To reveals the often counter-intuitive nature of social support, helping us understand when people will keep depression secret from their close ones, why people may avoid reporting sexual assault, how people may decide whom to come out to, and why even competitors can be among a person's best confidants.
Amid a growing wave of big data and large-scale network analysis, Small returns to the basic questions of whom we connect with, how, and why, upending decades of conventional wisdom on how we should think about and analyze social networks.

For decades now, scholars and politicians alike have argued that the concentration of poverty in city housing projects would produce distrust, alienation, apathy, and social isolation—the disappearance of what sociologists call social capital. But relatively few have examined precisely how such poverty affects social capital or have considered for what reasons living in a poor neighborhood results in such undesirable effects.

This book examines a neglected Puerto Rican enclave in Boston to consider the pros and cons of social scientific thinking about the true nature of ghettos in America. Mario Luis Small dismantles the theory that poor urban neighborhoods are inevitably deprived of social capital. He shows that the conditions specified in this theory are vaguely defined and variable among poor communities. According to Small, structural conditions such as unemployment or a failed system of familial relations must be acknowledged as affecting the urban poor, but individual motivations and the importance of timing must be considered as well.

Brimming with fresh theoretical insights, Villa Victoria is an elegant work of sociology that will be essential to students of urban poverty.

本书以城乡规划及其相关社会现象为思考对象，试图从社会学的相关视角来考察城乡规划的相关内容。城乡规划作为建构理想人居环境的公共政策与工具，伴随着社会转型而不断革新。尺度问题与价值问题始终是城乡规划转型发展面临的核心话题。然而，传统的城乡规划更多的是基于尺度视角来进行城乡空间的调查、评价、分析及管理，而价值问题由于涉及经济、社会、政治、文化等领域的多元话语表达，往往在城乡规划领域中处于相对边缘的位置。因此有必要从城市与乡村、规划与设计、建筑与景观、地理与人居、社会与文化等方面进行探索性思考，尝试从城乡聚落本身及其存在的社会环境入手，通过理论化叙事元素的多元理解，去重新认识城乡规划及其相关内容。
本书意图构建城乡规划的尺度——价值双重语境，建立从空间标准叙事向价值规范叙事的观察立场，推进从“测量”尺度到“测量”价值的双向互构的议题，进一步阐述和解释城乡规划的丰富度与复杂性，从而为全面理解和塑造城乡规划的空间模式—社会进程双重前景提供一个新的视角。