The eight hundred years between the first Roman conquests and the conquest of Islam saw a rich, constantly shifting blend of languages and writing systems, legal structures, religious practices and beliefs in the Near East. While the different ethnic groups and cultural forms often clashed with each other, adaptation was as much a characteristic of the region as conflict. This 2009 volume, emphasizing the inscriptions in many languages from the Near East, brings together mutually informative studies by scholars in diverse fields. Together, they reveal how the different languages, peoples and cultures interacted, competed with, tried to ignore or were influenced by each other, and how their relationships evolved over time. It will be of great value to those interested in Greek and Roman history, Jewish history and Near Eastern studies.

How were the Greeks of the sixth century BC able to invent philosophy and tragedy? In this book Richard Seaford argues that a large part of the answer can be found in another momentous development, the invention and rapid spread of coinage which produced the first ever thoroughly monetised society. By transforming social relations, monetisation contributed to the ideas of the universe as an impersonal system (presocratic philosophy) and of the individual alienated from his own kin and from the gods (in tragedy). Seaford argues that an important precondition for this monetisation was the Greek practice of animal sacrifice, as represented in Homeric Epic, which describes a premonetary world on the point of producing money. This book combines social history, economic anthropology, numismatics and the close reading of literary, inscriptional, and philosophical texts. Questioning the origins and shaping force of Greek philosophy, this is a major book with wide appeal.

This re-issue of F. W. Maitland's translation of a vital section from Otto Gierke's monumental Das Deutsche Genossenschaftsrecht makes available once again one of the seminal texts in the historiography of political thought. Famed, inter alia, for the elegance and lucidity of Maitland's own expository introduction, Political Theories of the Middle Age is concerned in essence with the medieval development of the doctrine of State and Corporation - a concept which, as Maitland indicates, has been prone to misunderstanding by English minds versed in the tradition of the common law. Gierke identifies the peculiar characteristic of medieval political thought as its vision of the universe as one articulated whole, and every being, whether a joint-being (community) or a single-being - as both a part and a whole: his text examines the potentially revolutionary effect upon this of certain crucial intellectual intrusions, derived in part from Roman Law, described by Gierke as 'ancient-modern'.

Review
"Ruth Collier has written an important contribution to the literatures on democracy and on labor, one that should reorient much discussion and work on democratization...The major contribution of this superb book rests in part on its sheer empirical scope...a lasting contribution of this book should be a heightened awareness of labor's role and an intellectual commitment to use that as a basis for systematically conceptualizing the road to democracy." American Political Science Review
"...ambitious comparative analysis...highly sophisticated theoretical book... this is an imperessive, empirical, methodological, and theoretical addition to the comparative literature on democratization... [it] will prove to be a lasting addition to the field." Sebastián Royo, New Political Science
Product Description
The question of whether democratization is an elite-led process from above or a popular triumph from below continues to be an area of contention among political scientists. Examining the experiences of countries that have provided the main empirical base for recent theorizing, namely, Western Europe and South America, this book delineates a more complex and varied set of patterns. The volume explores democratization through a comparative analysis that examines the role of labor in relation to elite strategies in both contemporary and historical perspectives.

Between the eighth and sixth centuries BC, the Phoenicians established the first trading system in the Mediterranean basin, from their homeland, in what is now Lebanon, to colonies in Cyprus, Tunisia, Sicily, Sardinia and southern Spain. The Phoenician state was able to maintain its independence, despite the territorial expansion of the Assyrians, in return for tribute provided by its western colonies. Archaeological research over the past decades, and still ongoing, has transformed our understanding of these colonies and their relationship to local communities. This updated version of Maria Eugenia Aubet's highly praised book, The Phoenicians and the West, originally published in English in 1993, incorporates the most recent research findings, an expanded bibliography, and an appendix on radiometric dating.

Language contact - the linguistic and social outcomes of two or more languages coming into contact with each other - starts with the emergence of multilingual populations. Multilingualism involving plurilingualism can have various consequences beyond borrowing, interference, and code-mixing and -switching, including the emergence of lingua francas and new language varieties, as well as language endangerment and loss. Bringing together contributions from an international team of scholars, this Handbook - the second in a two-volume set - engages the reader with the manifold aspects of multilingualism and provides state-of-the-art research on the impact of population structure on language contact. It begins with an introduction that presents the history of the scholarship on the subject matter. The chapters then cover various processes and theoretical issues associated with multilingualism embedded in specific population structures worldwide as well as their outcomes. It is essential reading for anybody interested in how people behave linguistically in multilingual or multilectal settings.

Ancient Central China provides an up-to-date synthesis of archaeological discoveries in the upper and middle Yangzi River region of China, including the Three Gorges Dam reservoir zone. It focuses on the Late Neolithic (late third millennium BC) through the end of the Bronze Age (late first millennium BC) and considers regional and interregional cultural relationships in light of anthropological models of landscape. Rowan K. Flad and Pochan Chen show that centers and peripheries of political, economic and ritual activities were not coincident, and that politically peripheral regions such as the Three Gorges were crucial hubs in interregional economic networks, particularly related to prehistoric salt production. The book provides detailed discussions of recent archaeological discoveries and data from the Chengdu Plain, Three Gorges and Hubei to illustrate how these various components of regional landscape were configured across Central China.

Data-driven discovery is revolutionizing how we model, predict, and control complex systems. Now with Python and MATLAB®, this textbook trains mathematical scientists and engineers for the next generation of scientific discovery by offering a broad overview of the growing intersection of data-driven methods, machine learning, applied optimization, and classical fields of engineering mathematics and mathematical physics. With a focus on integrating dynamical systems modeling and control with modern methods in applied machine learning, this text includes methods that were chosen for their relevance, simplicity, and generality. Topics range from introductory to research-level material, making it accessible to advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students from the engineering and physical sciences. The second edition features new chapters on reinforcement learning and physics-informed machine learning, significant new sections throughout, and chapter exercises. Online supplementary material – including lecture videos per section, homeworks, data, and code in MATLAB®, Python, Julia, and R – available on databookuw.com.

This accessible general history of the Reformation in the Netherlands traces the key developments in the process of reformation - both Protestant and Catholic - across the whole of the Low Countries during the sixteenth century. Synthesizing fifty years' worth of scholarly literature, Christine Kooi focuses particularly on the political context of the era: how religious change took place against the integration and disintegration of the Habsburg composite state in the Netherlands. Special attention is given to the Reformation's role in both fomenting and fuelling the Revolt against the Habsburg regime in the later sixteenth century, as well as how it contributed to the formation of the region's two successor states, the Dutch Republic and the Southern Netherlands. Reformation in the Low Countries, 1500-1620 is essential reading for scholars and students of early modern European history, bringing together specialized, contemporary research on the Low Countries in one volume.

This book is part of a series of textbooks created for the new Cambridge International Examinations (CIE) mathematics syllabus. The authors have worked with CIE to assure that the content matches the syllabus and is pitched at a suitable level. Pure Mathematics 2&3 corresponds to syllabus units P2 and P3. The syllabus content is arranged in chapters to provide a viable teaching course. Each chapter starts with a list of learning objectives. Mathematical concepts, terminology and notation are explained clearly and carefully. Key results and procedures appear in boxes for easy reference. Stimulating worked examples take a step-by-step approach to problem solving. There are plenty of exercises throughout, as well as revision exercises and practice exam papers – all written by experienced examiners.

This book is part of a series of textbooks created for the new Cambridge International Examinations (CIE) mathematics syllabus. The authors have worked with CIE to assure that the content matches the syllabus and is pitched at a suitable level. Mechanics 1 corresponds to syllabus unit M1. The syllabus content is arranged in chapters to provide a viable teaching course. Each chapter starts with a list of learning objectives. Mathematical concepts, terminology and notation are explained clearly and carefully. Key results and procedures appear in boxes for easy reference. Stimulating worked examples take a step-by-step approach to problem solving. There are plenty of exercises throughout, as well as revision exercises and practice exam papers – all written by experienced examiners.

This book is part of a series of textbooks created for the new Cambridge International Examinations (CIE) mathematics syllabus. The authors have worked with CIE to assure that the content matches the syllabus and is pitched at a suitable level. Statistics 1 corresponds to syllabus unit S1. The syllabus content is arranged in chapters to provide a viable teaching course. Each chapter starts with a list of learning objectives. Mathematical concepts, terminology and notation are explained clearly and carefully. Key results and procedures appear in boxes for easy reference. Stimulating worked examples take a step-by-step approach to problem solving. There are plenty of exercises throughout, as well as revision exercises and practice exam papers – all written by experienced examiners.

Business Studies: AS Level and A Level has been written for students studying the Cambridge International Examinations syllabus in AS and A Level Business Studies and has been endorsed by CIE. The key feature of this book is the international perspective it adopts to business strategies and decisions. Each chapter contains essential material for understanding Business Studies principles and techniques. There are also many activities and case studies, most of them based on actual businesses. The content and depth of the book make it also very suitable for students following syllabuses from other examination boards. The book is also valuable as an introductory text for first year undergraduate students of Business Studies and related disciplines.

Higher-order networks describe the many-body interactions of a large variety of complex systems, ranging from the the brain to collaboration networks. Simplicial complexes are generalized network structures which allow us to capture the combinatorial properties, the topology and the geometry of higher-order networks. Having been used extensively in quantum gravity to describe discrete or discretized space-time, simplicial complexes have only recently started becoming the representation of choice for capturing the underlying network topology and geometry of complex systems. This Element provides an in-depth introduction to the very hot topic of network theory, covering a wide range of subjects ranging from emergent hyperbolic geometry and topological data analysis to higher-order dynamics. This Elements aims to demonstrate that simplicial complexes provide a very general mathematical framework to reveal how higher-order dynamics depends on simplicial network topology and geometry.

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Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology constitutes a breakthrough in the design of wireless communications systems, and is already at the core of several wireless standards. Exploiting mutlipath scattering, MIMO techniques deliver significant performance enhancements in terms of data transmission rate and interference reduction. This book is a detailed introduction to the analysis and design of MIMO wireless systems. Beginning with an overview of MIMO technology, the authors then examine the fundamental capacity limits of MIMO systems. Transmitter design, including precoding and space-time coding, is then treated in depth, and the book closes with two chapters devoted to receiver design. Written by a team of leading experts, the book blends theoretical analysis with physical insights, and highlights a range of key design challenges. It can be used as a textbook for advanced courses on wireless communications, and will also appeal to researchers and practitioners working on MIMO wireless systems.

With More C++ Gems, Robert Martin, Editor-in-Chief of C++ Report, presents the long-awaited follow-up to C++ Gems. Since the publication of the first book, the C++ language has experienced very many changes. The ISO has adopted a standard for the language and its library. The Unified Modeling Language has affected software development in C++, and Java has changed things as well. Through all of these turbulent changes, C++ Report has been the forum for developers and programmers to share their experience and discuss new directions for the industry. More C++ Gems picks up where the first book left off, presenting tips, tricks, proven strategies, easy-to-follow techniques, and usable source code. This book contains the very best from the most renowned experts in the field.

The importance of the Safavid period (1501-1736) in Iranian history has been increasingly recognised. Iran Under the Safavids aims at providing the student and general reader, in non-technical language, with a comprehensive history of the Safavid dynasty. Professor Savory considers the origins of the Safavid family, the course of the revolutionary movement which brought it to power and the problems facing Shah Isma'il I after the establishment of the Safavid state in 1501. He describes the development of a multi-racial society in Iran during the sixteenth century, the policies of Shah 'Abbas I which brought the Safavid state to the height of its power and prosperity, and the reasons for its decline during the latter part of the seventeenth century and its eventual fall. As well as covering the political history of the period, the book includes chapters on the economic and social structure of the state, on intellectual and artistic life under the Safavids and on relations with Europe.

In the second half of the eighteenth century, Paris was the second largest city in Europe, with a population of some half a million. Contemporary writers described it as anonymous and chaotic, and so it must have seemed to many new arrivals from the provinces. Yet the records of the local police officials, which have remained virtually untouched for two hundred years, reveal a world which was far from anonymous, where most people went about their daily affairs in streets and shops where not only the places but also the faces were familiar. From the mass of individual disputes and incidents reported to the police in each quarter there emerges a picture of a structured, largely self-regulating local community based first and foremost on neighbourhood ties. This study explores the way that such communities functioned and were maintained, and in the process touches on many aspects of life in eighteenth-century Paris.

Robert Levine has examined the American romance in a historical context. His book offers a fresh reading of the genre, establishing its importance to American culture between the founding of the republic and the Civil war. With convincing historical and literary detail, Levine shows that anxieties about various subversive elements - French revolutionaries, secret societies, Catholic immigrants, African slaves - are central to the fictional worlds of Brockden Brown, Cooper, Hawthorne and Melville. Ormond, The Bravo, The Blithedale Romance, and Benito Cereno are persuasively explicated by Levine to demonstrate that the romance addressed many of the same conflicts and ideals that gave rise to the American republic. Americans conceived of America as a romance, and their romances dramatised the historical conditions of the culture, The fear that conspiracies would subvert the order and integrity of the new nation were recurrent and widespread; Levine makes us see that these fears informed the works of our major romance writers from the turn of the century until the Civil War.