“tag:神經科學”
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Hayek on Hayek [图书] 豆瓣
作者: F. A. Hayek University Of Chicago Press 1994 - 6
The crumbling of the Berlin Wall, the fall of the iron curtain, and the Reagan and Thatcher "revolutions" all owe a tremendous debt to F. A. Hayek. Economist, social and political theorist, and intellectual historian, Hayek passionately championed individual liberty and condemned the dangers of state control. Now Hayek at last tells the story of his long and controversial career, during which his fortunes rose, fell, and finally rose again.
Through a complete collection of previously unpublished autobiographical sketches and a wide selection of interviews, Hayek on Hayek provides the first detailed chronology of Hayek's early life and education, his intellectual progress, and the academic and public reception of his ideas. His discussions range from economic methodology and the question of religious faith to the atmosphere of post-World War I Vienna and the British character.
Born in 1899 into a Viennese family of academics and civil servants, Hayek was educated at the University of Vienna, fought in the Great War, and later moved to London, where, as he watched liberty vanish under fascism and communism across Europe, he wrote The Road to Serfdom. Although this book attracted great public attention, Hayek was ignored by other economists for thirty years after World War II, when European social democracies boomed and Keynesianism became the dominant intellectual force. However, the award of the Nobel Prize in economics for 1974 signaled a reversal in Hayek's fortunes, and before his death in 1992 he saw his life's work vindicated in the collapse of the planned economies of Eastern Europe.
Hayek on Hayek is as close to an autobiography of Hayek as we will ever have. In his own eloquent words, Hayek reveals the remarkable life of a revolutionary thinker in revolutionary times.
"One of the great thinkers of our age who explored the promise and contours of liberty....[Hayek] revolutionized the world's intellectual and political life"--President George Bush, on awarding F. A. Hayek the Medal of Freedom
F. A. Hayek, recipient of the Medal of Freedom 1991 and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics in 1974, was a pioneer in monetary theory and the principal proponent of the libertarian philosophy. Hayek is the author of numerous books in economics, as well as books in political philosophy and psychology.
大腦的祕密檔案(增訂版) [图书] 豆瓣
Mapping the Mind
作者: Rita Carter 译者: 洪蘭 遠流 2011 - 4
我們對於腦袋裡到底在想些什麼,有著無盡的好奇。
如同醫師要檢查病患的骨骼可以拍攝X光影像,現在腦部掃描技術讓人清楚地看到腦中的思想、記憶甚至是情緒!
我們可以「看見」當腦部接收到笑話時,某些區域變得明亮;而想起不愉快回憶時,又有某些部位變得陰暗。
隨著解開的祕密檔案越來越多,我們除了理解大腦對單一訊號的反應,也更進一步看見恐懼的情緒如何在腦中蔓延,還有學習語言、想像未來或是感同身受等等這些複雜的反應,是如何在大腦中運作。
本書帶領讀者走訪神經科學家的實驗室與各種詭異奇特的腦傷病人,看看科學家如何運用許多最新的掃描影像技術,研究人類的各種行為模式,並且追蹤不正常的腦部到底如何產生古怪的行為。
所謂的「閱讀困難」,可能是因為腦部將聲音轉換成視覺時發生短路;暴食、厭食或酗酒,可能是因為腦部的報酬系統出了問題因而不知節制;習慣性的說謊、暴力罪犯,很可能始於神經系統的病變。
這是一本簡單明瞭的神經科學入門書,搭配精彩易懂的圖片及解說,帶領讀者深入奧妙的大腦,一窺那每個瞬間都有不同變化的腦中祕密。
The Seven Sins of Memory [图书] 豆瓣
作者: Daniel L. Schacter Mariner Books 2002 - 5
A groundbreaking work by one of the world's foremost memory experts, THE SEVEN SINS OF MEMORY offers the first framework that explains common memory vices -- and their surprising virtues. In this intriguing study, Daniel L. Schacter explores the memory miscues that occur in everyday life: absent-mindedness, transience, blocking, misattribution, suggestibility, bias, and persistence. Schacter illustrates these concepts with vivid examples -- case studies, literary excerpts, experimental evidence, and accounts of highly visible news events such as the O.J. Simpson verdict, Bill Clinton's grand jury testimony, and the search for the Oklahoma City bomber. He also delves into striking new scientific research, giving us a glimpse of the fascinating neurology of memory. Together, the stories and the scientific results provide a new look at our brains and at what we more generally think of as our minds. Winner of the William James Book Award
视觉神经生理学 [图书] 豆瓣
作者: 刘晓玲 编 人民卫生 2011 - 8
《视觉神经生理学(第2版)》为全国高等学校视光学专业本科教材的修订版。在充分听取和吸收了各高校和使用单位的反馈意见和建议,并根据卫生部全国高等学校教材的原则和基本要求,对新版《视觉神经生理学》的布局、格式等进行了较大篇幅的调整。对各章节内容进行了更新、充实、修改,注意国内外视觉科学的新进展,新技术,同时也作了必要的调整、删减。诸如:第一章“概论”增加了视觉心理物理学和视觉神经生理学的内容;将“视知觉的研究方法”的内容并人“概论”;重新编写了视觉的神经机制部分;增加了“视觉发育”的内容;在“视网膜电图”部分增加了近年来关于视网膜电图各波起源研究的成果。这使得该教材的逻辑性、科学性、系统性、可读性更强,更符合教学规律。
神经内科病例分析 [图书] 豆瓣
作者: 徐蔚海//赵重波 人民卫生 2009 - 1
《神经内科病例分析:入门与提高》主要内容:神经内科病病例讨论,神经内科病病例相关综述汇集,知名专家的高水准点评构成《神经内科病例分析:入门与提高》的内容主体。
《神经内科病例分析:入门与提高》由全国知名医院的青年优秀医生主笔,全国权威的医学专家主审和点评。病案讨论与学科最新进展相结合、优秀青年医生的大量文献阅读成果与权威专家多年的临床实际经验相结合、常见病的少见表现与少见病的常见表现相结合、严谨的学术氛围与活泼的图文并茂的可读性相结合。 全书将全面吸收国外同类书籍的特色,力争创造出具有全新气息的病例讨论书籍。
MATLAB for Neuroscientists [图书] 豆瓣
作者: Pascal Wallisch / Michael Lusignan Academic Press 2008 - 11
Matlab is the accepted standard for scientific computing, used globally in virtually all Neuroscience and Cognitive Psychology laboratories. For instance, SPM, the most used software for the analysis and manipulation of fMRI images in research and clinical practice is fully programmed in matlab, and its use of the possibility to allow for sophisticated software modules to be freely added to the software has established it as the by far dominant software in the field. Many universities now offer, or are beginning to offer matlab introductory courses in their neuroscience and psychology programs. Nevertheless, so far there hasn't been a textbook specific to this market, and the use of the plethora of existing engineering focused Matlab textbooks is notoriously difficult for teaching the package in those environments.
This is the first comprehensive teaching resource and textbook for the teaching of Matlab in the Neurosciences and in Psychology. Matlab is unique in that it can be used to learn the entire empirical and experimental process, including stimulus generation, experimental control, data collection, data analysis and modeling. Thus a wide variety of computational problems can be addressed in a single programming environment. The idea is to empower advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students by allowing them to design and implement their own analytical tools. As students advance in their research careers, they will have achieved the fluency required to understand and adapt more specialized tools as opposed to treating them as "black boxes".
Virtually all computational approaches in the book are covered by using genuine experimental data that are either collected as part of the lab project or were collected in the labs of the authors, providing the casual student with the look and feel of real data. In some rare cases, published data from classical papers are used to illustrate important concepts, giving students a computational understanding of critically important research.
The ability to effectively use computers in research is necessary in an academic environment that is increasingly focused on quantitative issues. Matlab represents an ideal language of scientific computing. It is based on powerful linear algebra structures which lend themselves to empirical problems on the one hand, while at the same time allowing the student to make rapid problem-oriented progress (particularly in terms of visualization of data points) without having to lose focus by worrying too much about memory allocation and other "plumbing" minutiae as would be required in other, more low-level programming languages such as C or C++.
Currently, there are several books that provide introductions to Matlab that are either too generic and fundamental or too irrelevant for neuroscientists and cognitive psychologists who typically face a very circumscribed range of problems in data collection, data analysis and signal processing. Some non-book tutorials and primers that are in use in the community are typically out of date. Matlab versions are usually not backwards compatible. Many commands and functions used in older tutorials and primers, such as "flops" won't work in current versions of Matlab, necessitating a book that is timely and up-to-date.
The complete lack of a relevant resource in this area, combined with a clearly felt need for such a text provided the primary and initial impetus for this project.
The authors provide such a dearly needed resource adapting and pooling materials that developed for and used in highly rated courses involving the use of Matlab in Neuroscience at the University of Chicago. Two co-authors (PW and NH) have presented their respective work on teaching Matlab at national meetings and two of the co-authors (PW and MB) were awarded the coveted University of Chicago's Booth Prize for excellence in teaching these courses. (http://chronicle.uchicago.edu/070524/boothprize.shtml ).
* The first comprehensive textbook on Matlab with a focus for its application in Neuroscience
* Problem based educational approach with many examples from neuroscience and cognitive psychology using real data
* Authors are award winning educators with strong teaching experience
* Instructor's Website with figurebank, additional problems and examples, solutions, etc
Mirrors in the Brain [图书] 豆瓣
作者: Giacomo Rizzolatti / Corrado Sinigaglia 译者: Frances Anderson Oxford University Press, USA 2008 - 2
Emotions and actions are powerfully contagious; when we see someone laugh, cry, show disgust, or experience pain, in some sense, we share that emotion. When we see someone in distress, we share that distress. When we see a great actor, musician or sportsperson perform at the peak of their abilities, it can feel like we are experiencing just something of what they are experiencing. Yet only recently, with the discover of mirror neurons, has it become clear just how this powerful sharing of experience is realised within the human brain. This book provides, for the first time, a systematic overview of mirror neurons, written by the man who first discovered them. In the early 1990's Giacomo Rizzolatti and his co-workers at the University of Parma discovered that some neurons had a surprising property. They responded not only when a subject performed a given action, but also when the subject oberved someone else performing that same action. These results had a deep impact on cognitive neuroscience, leading the neuroscientist VS Ramachandran to predict that 'mirror neurons would do for psychology what DNA did for biology'.The unexpected properties of these neurons have not only attracted the attention of neuroscientists. Many sociologists, anthropologists, and even artists have been fascinated by mirror neurons. The director and playwright Peter Brook stated that mirror neurons throw new light on the mysterious link that is created each time actors take the stage and face their audience - the sight of a great actor performing activates in the brain of the observer the very same areas that are active in the performer - including both their actions and their emotions. Written in a highly accessible style, that conveys something of the excitement of this groundbreaking theory, Mirrors in the brain is the definitive account of one the major scientific discoveries of the past 50 years.
腦,在演化中 [图书] 豆瓣
Evolving Brains
作者: John Morgan Allm 译者: 曹純 遠流 2002 - 4
人類之所以成為萬物之靈,大腦可說是居功厥偉,它使人類與動物在智慧上產生差異,然而人腦的大小與智力商數的相關卻只有○‧三,亦即僅百分之九的IQ可以用腦大小來解釋,並非一般人想像的重要。大腦究竟與聰明才智有何關係?而它又是如何演化來的?
作者歐門博士專事大腦演化研究逾三十年,本書結合目前所知最複雜的組織系統--大腦,以及最具高度智慧挑戰的知識--演化,連同遺傳發展法則、地質歷史、動物生態、解剖和生理學等學科進行多面性的探究,從靈長目在視覺方面的成就,探查視網膜上的視覺影像是如何在牠們的腦中轉換成神經訊號。此外,當面對可能威脅生存的有害環境變遷時,大腦正是可使生物免受衝擊的緩衝物之一。歐門博士透過分析生物體結構的變異過程來了解大腦演化,可說是了解生命本質的關鍵所在。
Brainwashed [图书] 豆瓣
作者: Sally Satel / Scott O. Lilienfeld Basic Books 2013 - 6
What "can't" neuroscience tell us about ourselves? Since fMRI--functional magnetic resonance imaging--was introduced in the early 1990s, brain scans have been used to help politicians understand and manipulate voters, determine guilt in court cases, and make sense of everything from musical aptitude to romantic love. But although brain scans and other neurotechnologies have provided groundbreaking insights into the workings of the human brain, the increasingly fashionable idea that they are the most important means of answering the enduring mysteries of psychology is misguided--and potentially dangerous.
In "Brainwashed," psychiatrist and AEI scholar Sally Satel and psychologist Scott O. Lilienfeld reveal how many of the real-world applications of human neuroscience gloss over its limitations and intricacies, at times obscuring--rather than clarifying--the myriad factors that shape our behavior and identities. Brain scans, Satel and Lilienfeld show, are useful but often ambiguous representations of a highly complex system. Each region of the brain participates in a host of experiences and interacts with other regions, so seeing one area light up on an fMRI in response to a stimulus doesn't automatically indicate a particular sensation or capture the higher cognitive functions that come from those interactions. The narrow focus on the brain's physical processes also assumes that our subjective experiences can be explained away by biology alone. As Satel and Lilienfeld explain, this "neurocentric" view of the mind risks undermining our most deeply held ideas about selfhood, free will, and personal responsibility, putting us at risk of making harmful mistakes, whether in the courtroom, interrogation room, or addiction treatment clinic.
A provocative account of our obsession with neuroscience, "Brainwashed" brilliantly illuminates what contemporary neuroscience and brain imaging can and cannot tell us about ourselves, providing a much-needed reminder about the many factors that make us who we are.
脑MRI局部解剖与功能图谱 [图书] 豆瓣
作者: 崔世民 人民卫生出版社 2007 - 4
脑神经影像解剖是医学影像的重要组成部分,本书是参考国内、外神经解剖学专著和相关研究资料的基础上,利用先进的医学成像技术,本着局剖解部与功能相结合的思路组织、编排的。全书共分十六章,约13万字,插图650余幅,其中部分为局部彩色解剖图,通过磁共振不同平面的断层图像及三维重建图像,对脑沟、脑回、脑叶、脑神经以及相关脑结构做了尽可能详细的描述,包括了位置、结构、走行及毗邻等诸多方面,同时阐述了脑结构的功能及损伤先后常见的临床表现。本书图注中的解剖学名词采取中英文对照的形式,以使读者从中受到启发和获益。 本书主要的阅读对象为从事医学影像工作的临床医师,也可作为医学院校在校学生以及临床相关学科的专业人员,特别是神经内、外科医师工作和学习的参考书。
视觉信息处理的脑机制 [图书] 豆瓣
作者: 寿天德 中国科学技术大学出版社 2010
《视觉信息处理的脑机制(第2版)》以较短的篇幅介绍了视觉信息处理的脑机制方面的基本理论和近40年来所取得的进展。全书共分7章,分别介绍了视觉系统基本功能和形态学、视网膜信息处理机制、外膝体在对视觉信息流的调控和形成平行处理过程中的作用、视皮层细胞的感受野性质及其功能筑构、既平行又分级串行的视觉信息处理机制以及当前视觉信息处理研究的一些重要方面。《视觉信息处理的脑机制(第2版)》力图通过对视觉信息处理的脑机制的介绍,使读者能够对蓬勃发展的脑科学或神经科学有一个相当深度的了解。全书较第l版增加新内容40%左右。
《视觉信息处理的脑机制(第2版)》在介绍当今国际上视觉信息处理的脑机制研究前沿的研究成果的同时,也注意介绍了一些本国学者(包括作者本人)的研究成果。适当地注意介绍了基本理论和研究方法。书后附有516篇参考文献,供读者深入学习、研究检索之用,这对于有志于从事视觉研究或相关学科研究的工作者来说,亦是一个入门的线索。
《视觉信息处理的脑机制(第2版)》可作为从事神经生物学、生理学、医学、心理学以及相关学科的研究人员、高等院校的教师和理、工、医科研究生及高年级本科生的专业参考书,对于眼科、神经内科和外科医生也有重要参考价值。
神经元突触传递的细胞和分子生物学 [图书] 豆瓣
2008
《神经元突触传递的细胞和分子生物学》采用了众多彩色图表,不但突出了基本概念的阐述,也对基本研究方法和发展趋势作了介绍,把经典内容和前沿知识进行了有机结合。神经递质释放与跨膜信息的传递及整合是神经细胞最基本的功能特征,对突触传递机制的研究是人类认识复杂神经系统功能的前提,是科学领域近百年来重点探索的核心问题之一,也是神经科学中极其重要的前沿领域。《神经元突触传递的细胞和分子生物学》主编盛祖杭教授目前担任美国国立健康研究院神经突触功能研究室主任、首席研究员,教育部“长江学者奖励计划”讲座教授。在编写《神经元突触传递的细胞和分子生物学》时他大量引用了在美国15年从事神经科学研究、教学的成果和创见,以神经系统的基本功能——突触传递为核心,较系统地、深入浅出地介绍了突触的结构、神经元的细胞骨架系统和物质的合成转运、突触传递及其调节机制等一系列有关神经生物学的核心问题,从细胞和分子水平详细阐述了神经递质释放与跨膜信息传递及整合的过程以及机制,从而揭示大脑复杂的功能活动。
《神经元突触传递的细胞和分子生物学》可作为神经生物学专业教师和有关科研人员的参考读物,也可作为综合性大学生物系和医学院校高年级本科生、研究生阅读参考。
从分子到网络 [图书] 豆瓣
作者: John H. Byrne / James L. Roberts 科学出版社 2006 - 3
神经元(神经细胞)是构成神经系统的基石,对神经元各个方面的深入、彻底的理解对于我们从各个层次对神经系统进行分析都是十分必要的。本书论述神经细胞的形态学、生物化学、生物物理学基础知识,这些知识正迎合了相关专业的大学生、研究生、科研人员的需要。
2000年诺贝尔生理医学奖获得者Eric R.Kandel盛赞此书:“凭着对神经生理学的独到的、富有创见的阐述,这本书填补了一个亟需填补的空白。
行文清晰,尤其是插图经过了精心设计,图示精美。
每一章的编写才均为该令域的权威和学科带头人。
被专家誉为“神经科学家书架上的必备书”。
神经系统发育 [图书] 豆瓣
作者: (美)萨兹(Sanes,D.H.) 等编著 科学 2007 - 1
人脑是我们已知世界中最为复杂的一个物体。尽管我们对于脑的认识还远远不够,但是研究组成神经系统的神经元和胶质细胞产生感觉、行为和高级精神活动的方式已经成为科学研究中成果最丰硕的领域。脑的构成是一系列发育阶段的整合体,由最初少量胚胎细胞成为神经前体细胞开始,到接近行为出现为止,这就是本书所涵盖的内容。本书内容广泛,以一些著名的实验和观察为例,全面介绍了神经系统发育的基本原理。书中内容是按照个体发生的顺序排列的,从神经原基的诱导发生,一直到行为的产生。作为大学教材,本书涵盖了所有主要的内容,包括神经系统的生长模式、神经元决定、轴突导向及对象、神经元凋亡、突触形成及可塑性等内容。第二版新增的内容介绍了该领域的最新进展,比如模式生物的研究、分子及遗传技术的应用,以及新的成像技术的引入等等。本书的目的就是为高年级学生和有一些生物学背景的研究者提供一个关于神经发育过程的纲要,这与广泛的文献综述在目的上是完全不同的。本书插图丰富,文字简洁,非常适合第一次接触该领域的学生参考。本书还配有光盘,内容为全书精美彩图。
The New Mind Readers [图书] 豆瓣
作者: Russell A. Poldrack Princeton University Press 2018 - 10
The ability to read minds has long been a fascination of science fiction, but revolutionary new brain-imaging methods are bringing it closer to scientific reality. The New Mind Readers provides a compelling look at the origins, development, and future of these extraordinary tools, revealing how they are increasingly being used to decode our thoughts and experiences―and how this raises sometimes troubling questions about their application in domains such as marketing, politics, and the law.
Russell Poldrack takes readers on a journey of scientific discovery, telling the stories of the visionaries behind these breakthroughs. Along the way, he gives an insider’s perspective on what is perhaps the single most important technology in cognitive neuroscience today―functional magnetic resonance imaging, or fMRI, which is providing astonishing new insights into the contents and workings of the mind. He highlights both the amazing power and major limitations of these techniques and describes how applications outside the lab often exceed the bounds of responsible science. Poldrack also details the unique and sometimes disorienting experience of having his own brain scanned more than a hundred times as part of a landmark study of how human brain function changes over time.
Written by one of the world’s leading pioneers in the field, The New Mind Readers cuts through the hype and misperceptions surrounding these emerging new methods, offering needed perspective on what they can and cannot do―and demonstrating how they can provide new answers to age-old questions about the nature of consciousness and what it means to be human.
الذاكرة [图书] 豆瓣
Memory: From Mind to Molecules
作者: Larry R. Squire / Eric R. Kandel العبيكان 2002 - 3
ماهي الذاكرة وأين تختزن في الدماغ ؟
وكيف يتم خزن الذاكرة ؟
يجيب على هذه الأسئلة في هذا الكتاب عالمان اضطلعا ببعض البحوث الأساسية في هذا الحقل
وهو الكتاب الأول في بابه الذي يقدم إلى عامة القراء فير ذوي الاختصاص ، نظرة شاملة تتضمن آخر البحوث المتعلقة في هذا الموضوع ، من الجزيء والخلية إلى نظم العقل والإدراك
Principles of Computational Modelling in Neuroscience [图书] 豆瓣
作者: Andrew Gillies / Bruce Graham Cambridge University Press 2011 - 8
"The nervous system is made up of a large number of interacting elements. To understand how such a complex system functions requires the construction and analysis of computational models at many different levels. This book provides a step-by-step account of how to model the neuron and neural circuitry to understand the nervous system at all levels, from ion channels to networks. Starting with a simple model of the neuron as an electrical circuit, gradually more details are added to include the effects of neuronal morphology, synapses, ion channels and intracellular signaling. The principle of abstraction is explained through chapters on simplifying models, and how simplified models can be used in networks. This theme is continued in a final chapter on modeling the development of the nervous system. Requiring an elementary background in neuroscience and some high school mathematics, this textbook is an ideal basis for a course on computational neuroscience." (Amazon)
"This is a wonderful, clear and compelling text on mathematically-minded computational modelling in neuroscience. It is beautifully aimed at those engaged in capturing quantitatively, and thus simulating, complex neural phenomena at multiple spatial and temporal scales, from intracellular calcium dynamics and stochastic ion channels, through compartmental modelling, all the way to aspects of development. It takes particular care to define the processes, potential outputs and even some pitfalls of modelling; and can be recommended for containing the key lessons and pointers for people seeking to build their own computational models. By eschewing issues of coding and information processing, it largely hews to concrete biological data, and it nicely avoids sacrificing depth for breadth. It is very suitably pitched as a Master's level text, and its two appendices, on mathematical methods and software resources, will rapidly become dog-eared."
Peter Dayan, University College London
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