《公共领域的结构转型》的目的是分析“资产阶级公共领域（burgerlicheOffentlichkeit）。研究对象特别难以把握，这就对研究方法提出了挑战。首先，由于研究对象比较复杂，用单一某个学科的方法是难以奏效的。因此，我们必须把公共领域范畴放到传统“政治学”曾经关注的那样一个比较开阔的视野里加以探讨；①研究对象就其自身而言打破了社会科学各学科之间的界限。社会学和经济学、宪法学和政治学以及社会思想史等各学科一体化所带来的难题是很清楚的：从目前社会科学学科分化和专业化水平来看，没有谁能“掌握”多门学科，更不用说“掌握”所有学科了。

在时长约31分钟的该片中，所记录下的公共场所包括：一个郊区小火车站深夜的候车室、一个矿区附近黄昏时分的汽车站、一辆不知开往何方向的公共汽车、一个由废弃公共汽车改造成的小餐馆和一个长途汽车站的候车室（兼具台球厅、舞厅等多种功能）。
此外，影片还记录下了在这些公共空间里来来往往的人们某些时间段的行为：一个穿军大衣的中年男子一直在等待，终于等来一个年纪相仿的女人提着一袋沉甸甸的面粉从走下火车；一个老人在铁栏后极其耐心地拉好上衣的拉链，汽车把老人带走，却落下一个气喘吁吁的年轻女子，在她百无聊赖地等待下一辆汽车到来时，矿区的天空下响起钟声；如此，等等。

本书应该说是新文化史和微观史取向在中国史研究上的一个实践，理解茶馆的社会、文化、政治角色，能够帮助我们不仅从微观角度了解成都，而且对认识20世纪中国城市、城市社会以及与中国政治之关系都将有所裨益。微观历史研究取向可以引导我们进入城市的内部，茶馆提供了研究下层民众活动的一个重要空间，在那里我们可以仔细考察他们日常生活的细节，即使这些细节起来是多么地微不足道。

这是一部关于下层民众的历史。在本书中，我们既可体会到微观历史下日常生活的丰富多彩、街头文化的引人入胜，亦可看到近代中国政治、经济和社会剧变的宏大叙事。当历史舞台总是被精英的话语霸权所左右之时，本书则从社会的最底层、从历史上没有留名的芸芸众生的角度，来看人民在改良、革命以及社会动乱中的遭遇，发出了他们失去了一个旧世界，但并没有得到一个新世界这样的悲叹和沉重的结论。
从作者对下层民众公共空间与日常生活关系细致入微的分析中，不难看出他对于下层人民命运的深切关注。作者拨开层层覆盖的历史法埃，让后人看到在那些变幻炫目的旗号和悦耳动听的口号下，下层民众是怎样一步步丧失了他们的生存空间和文化传统的，同时又揭示了民众是怎样拿起“弱者的武器”为自己的命运而抗争的。
本书以其在学术上的重要性、原创性、深入的研究、方法的精湛、论证的力度，以及对城市史研究领域的重大贡献，于2005年荣获两年一度的“美国城市史研究学会最佳著作奖”。

increase to 80%. Life in a mega city is both enchanting and problematic. Today we face peak oil, climate change, loneliness and severe health issues due to our way of life. But why? The Danish architect and professor Jan Gehl has studied human behavior in cities through 40 years. He has documented how modern cities repel human interaction, and argues that we can build cities in a way, which takes human needs for inclusion and intimacy into account. THE HUMAN SCALE meets thinkers, architects and urban planners across the globe. It questions our assumptions about modernity, exploring what happens when we put people into the center of our planning. Written by Final Cut for Real.

作为汉娜•阿伦特的学生和于尔根•哈贝马斯的好友，理查德•桑内特和他们两个人鼎足而立，分别代表了西方公共生活理论的三种各不相同的学派。《公共人的衰落》正是桑内特研究公共生活的扛鼎之作，也是他的成名之作。
《公共人的衰落》具体展示了现代社会特有的公共生活现状，从城市人口、建筑交通、户外空间、环境失衡等方面揭示出人们的紧张和焦虑，由此证明了现代社会普遍存在的自我迷恋是公共生活衰落的结果，而公共生活的衰落，则是入侵公共领域的人格引起的。全书通篇对此观点作了细致精辟的分析和论述。作者追述了18世纪以来西方城市发展的历史，对宫廷、布尔乔亚阶级、市民阶层的社会存在和交往进行了广泛的涉猎：从文学、宗教、艺术到戏剧、音乐，再到服饰、话语、视觉、人格、角色。其中不乏对著名作家巴尔扎克、狄德罗、卢梭等人的分析。最后还指出了人们应当积极参与公共活动，在社会中主动积极地追求自身的利益。
对于正处在转型期间的中国来说，这本经典的社会著作有助于我们理解当今中国社会——尤其是北京、上海等大城市——中公共领域和私人领域之间界限模糊的问题，具有很高的学术和借鉴的价值。

The Great Good Place argues that "third places" - where people can gather, put aside the concerns of work and home, and hang out simply for the pleasures of good company and lively conversation - are the heart of a community's social vitality and the grassroots of democracy.

In 1980, William H. Whyte published the findings from his revolutionary Street Life Project in The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces. Both the book and the accompanying film were instantly labeled classics, and launched a mini-revolution in the planning and study of public spaces. They have since become standard texts, and appear on syllabi and reading lists in urban planning, sociology, environmental design, and architecture departments around the world.
Project for Public Spaces, which grew out of Holly’s Street Life Project and continues his work around the world, has acquired the reprint rights to Social Life, with the intent of making it available to the widest possible audience and ensuring that the Whyte family receive their fair share of Holly’s legacy.
Summary: This book is great
Rating: 5
I read this book for school... but I would recommend it to anyone interested in the subject matter. (Reading it, I was always wandering around talking to friends and family about it). The book is short, but there is a lot to think about. :)
Summary: How urban areas work
Rating: 5
Years ago I watched an episode of NOVA on PBS on William H. Whyte that explained the background and purpose and accomplishments of his project to study what makes urban spaces in cities work. I sat there riveted, as he methodically and carefully unveiled a vast range of urban phenomena of which I had hitherto been unaware.
The background to his study was this: following the enormous success of the plaza of Mies van der Rohe's Seagram Building in New York in the mid-1950s, the city began to give tax breaks to new buildings that included plazas as part of their design. At the Seagram, people found in the heart of the city a marvelous space in which to congregate, to eat lunch, to sit and talk, and just enjoy a few minutes away from the office. While the idea of providing an incentive to new plaza development was unquestionably a great aim, a small problem developed: many of the new plazas were, unlike that of the Seagram, just dreadful. Cold, austere, people unfriendly, unwelcoming, many of them seemed designed more to keep people away than give them a place to enjoy themselves. This is where Whyte comes in. New York City was concerned with codifying what made a successful plaza, and giving tax breaks based more on the kind of plaza being built, rather than any kind of plaza at all. So, Whyte was charged with discovering precisely what goes into a successful urban space. The results of his exhaustive study are summed up in this brilliant monograph.
Whyte took cameras and began filming all kinds of urban spots in plazas and parks, and on regular sidewalks. As a result of this study, he was able first to analyze how urban spaces work, and secondly on the basis of this make, to make suggestions as to how to make successful spaces. He discusses the enormous value and utility of using fountains or falling water both to provide aesthetic benefits and to create a barrier of white noise between an urban space and the street. He shows the value of having a variety of steps and levels in providing fun places to sit. He allays the fears of those who are afraid that a plaza will attract undesirables by showing that the homeless tend to go where other people are not. He displays the patterns of traffic on sidewalks and the function that street food can play. Whyte comes across not merely as a sophisticated urban planner and social scientist: he is revealed as a visionary.
I think that this ought to be a must-read for anyone with any curiosity about cities and the potential they possess for a vibrant and exciting social life. Here in my own city of Chicago, I constantly lament that Whyte's lessons go unheeded and unlearned. We Chicagoans take pride in how clean our downtown area is, but we possess very, very few plazas, instead having virtually all of our buildings coming all the way to the edge of the sidewalk. I lament that there are so few places in the Loop and the near North to sit at lunch, that so very, very little has been done along the river to make it people friendly, and that there are so few places to congregate. We have a gorgeous, inpirational skyline, but on the sidewalk level, things are different. I wish our city planners had more of Whyte's view of things.
Summary: A classic case study for urban design professionals
Rating: 5
Although the photographs are dated, the material is classic. This book is a must for anyone who is involved with design or review of open spaces. It shows how people use open space and identifies the common elements of successful spaces. While the elements all seem logical, the book shows how we often fly in the face of logic when using these spaces. The book focuses primarily on plazas and small parks in New York City, but includes a section for smaller cities with low rise buildings. The information can also be applied to parks in any size town. This book is a facinating case study in social ecology.

从19世纪中叶到20世纪中叶，整整一个世纪之中，在一片风雨飘摇的内忧外患之中，在中国历史上第二次礼崩乐坏的大乱世里，中国的知识分子被抛到社会上，建立起自己的“知识人社会”。他们试图以自己的知识权力和舆论影响力重建社会重心。这个“知识人社会”是自由的，也是独立的，但其根基是不牢固的。它一方面失去了与乡村社会和城市社会的有机联系，另一方面与政治的制度性关联也是脆弱的。更重要的，无论是学院，还是媒体，都缺乏体制性的保障。近代中国的知识分子，不仅在身份上依然是自由浮动的游士，在心态上更是没有安顿下来，总是要依附在某个阶级、党派或社会政治力量身上。近代中国的“知识人社会”是一个奇迹，是一座建立在沙滩上的象牙之塔，当战争、内乱和革命纷至沓来时，终究倒了。曾经辉煌过，却没有熬过乱世。

在欧洲，城市广场是一种古老的文化；在中国，城市广场是城市建设中广受关注的问题。
本书以对国外(从古希腊至现代)的40个典型城市广场的观察、分析为线索，阐明城市广场发生、发展的社会动力，力图从社会学和建筑学的双重视角建构城市广场的整体轮廓，认为城市广场的综合品质应是空间品质和社会品质的有机统一，并尝试将其进行量化研究，提出一种城市广场品质的客观评价体系。
按照这个体系，对我国典型城市广场(从近代至今14个城市的18个城市广场)的建设历史与现状进行梳理，分析中国传统城市的空间特征及其社会动力，指出传统的中国城市缺少城市广场这一空间元素，中国城市广场的出现来自于西方城市文化的影响，而当今中国的城市广场大多只是一种展示性元素，缺少与城市及市民生活的关联。
书中史料剖析部分图文资料详实，脉络清晰；对广场品质的分析、评价客观明晰，尤其是细分出各影响因素，颇具可操作性，适于在设计中应用。
本书可供建筑设计、城市设计、城市规划、城市管理以及相关领域的研习、实践者阅读参考。

Editorial Reviews
Product Description
In traditional human societies, the stranger was a threat, to be disarmed at once by an act of force or by a ritual of hospitality. Under no conditions could a stranger be ignored or taken for granted. Yet in all great cities today, human beings seem to live out their entire lives in "a world of strangers." How did it become possible for millions of people to do this? How is city life possible? The unique value of A World of Strangers lies in Dr. Lofland's expert use of rich historical and anthropological sources to answer these questions. She demonstrates that "a potentially chaotic and meaningless world of strangers was transformed into a knowable and predictable world of strangers by the same mechanism humans always use to make their world livable: it was ordered." Lofland offers a brilliant analysis of the various devices used at different times in history to create social and psychological order in cities, concluding with an analysis of the contemporary city, in which the location of the encounter between strangers has come to replace personal appearance as a means of evaluating others. Dr. Lofland also describes how city people initially learn and then act upon the ordering principles dominant in their society. A World of Strangers is a wonderfully wise and readable account of how we have come to live as we do.
From the Publisher
Titles of related interest from Waveland Press: Banfield, The Unheavenly City Revisited (ISBN 0881335290); Gmelch-Zenner, Urban Life: Readings in Urban Anthropology, Fourth Edition (ISBN 157766194X); Howell, Hard Living on Clay Street: Portraits of Blue Collar Families (ISBN 0881335266); and Shannon et al., Urban Problems in Sociological Perspective, Fourth Edition (ISBN 1577661958).

Hailed by the Wall Street Journal as a "juicy little time bomb of a book", Privately Owned Public Space: The New York City Experience examines for the first time, New York City's 39-year mixed experience with the production of more than 500 plazas, parks, and atriums located on private property yet by law accessible to and usable by the public.
Until now, comprehensive, systematic knowledge about this vast collection of public spaces has not existed, either for experts or members of the public. To remedy this gap, Harvard University professor Jerold S. Kayden, The New York City Department of City Planning, and The Municipal Art Society of New York have joined forces to research and write Privately Owned Public Space: The New York City Experience. Through words, photographs, scaled site plans, maps, and analysis of newly assembled data, they examine history, law, design, and use of the city's privately owned public spaces. Each of the more than 500 spaces is individually discussed to provide far-reaching comparative information about this unique category of public space.
In reading this book, designers, planners, lawyers, and academics will gain greater understanding about the possibilities and problems inherent in the design, management, and enforcement of privately owned public space. Public officials, private owners, and civic group representatives will learn more about their roles in ensuring public access and vitality of such spaces. Individuals will discover where New York City's public spaces are located and what amenities they offer. Everyone will comprehend more completely the contribution that privately owned public space can make toward open and attractive cities in which all individuals have access to a diversity of public places.

How culture acts to shape public spaces and how the physical form of the plaza encodes the social, political, and economic relations within the city.

《上海城市社会生活史：近代上海城市公共空间（1843-1949）》为上海城市社会生活史丛书之一种，选取了1843-1949年上海城市公共空间的几种典型类型，如公园（包括租界公园、开放性私园）、戏园、电影院、游乐场、咖啡馆、跑马场等，叙述其沿革兴衰的历史过程，或考察其内部组织形式、日常经营方式、功能，着重探讨其与上海城市社会生活之间的关系。近代上海城市公共空间，集现代化、大众化、多元化与商业化于一体，生动、深刻地体现这个城市社会的民族关系、阶级关系、移民区域特点，反映了上海这座城市世界性与地方性并存、摩登性与传统性并存、先进性与落后性并存、殖民性与爱国性并存的特性。

都市不單只是一處人群聚居的“地方”，而且是一處充斥著各樣訊號、圖像、言詞及符號的“劇場”。街頭，作為都市內的公眾空間，也不只是一處供我們蹓躂的街頭，而是一處不斷生產符號的舞台，一個值得玩味的觀察對象。
本書的兩位編者，都是對城市及街頭素有研究的社會學者。他們蒐集了的文章，都是環繞著街頭文化的三個主題──物（ object ）、場（ places ）和事（ events ），作出的一些調查及研究。在紛雜的城市符號中，他們提供了一些“閱讀”街頭的角度，使這書成為一份多科際的“閱讀報告”，並使讀者們了解街頭文化如何透過文物、場地和群體的活動來構成城市文化的秩序。經過這次閱讀經驗後，或許下一次我們路經書中所述的街頭時，會有一番新的感覺與體會。

This international and illustrated work challenges current writings focussing on the problems of urban public space to present a more nuanced and dialectical conception of urban life. Detailed and extensive international urban case studies show how urban open spaces are used for play, which is defined and discussed using Caillois' four-part definition - competition, chance, simulation and vertigo. Stevens explores and analyses these case studies according to locations where play has been observed: paths, intersections, thresholds, boundaries and props. Applicable to a wide-range of countries and city forms, "The Ludic City" is a fascinating and stimulating read for all who are involved or interested in the design of urban spaces.