复杂
演化经济学导论 豆瓣
作者: 贾根良 出版社: 中国人民大学出版社 2015 - 1
《中国人民大学经济学系列教材:演化经济学导论》由贾根良著,中国人民大学出版社出版,《中国人民大学经济学系列教材:演化经济学导论》是中国人民大学经济学系列教材。
Critical Phenomena in Natural Sciences 豆瓣
作者: Didier Sornette 出版社: Springer 2006 - 3
Concepts, methods and techniques of statistical physics in the study of correlated, as well as uncorrelated, phenomena are being applied ever increasingly in the natural sciences, biology and economics in an attempt to understand and model the large variability and risks of phenomena. This is the first textbook written by a well-known expert that provides a modern up-to-date introduction for workers outside statistical physics.
超循环论(The Hypercycle) 豆瓣
作者: Manfred Eigen 译者: 曾国屏 / 沈小峰 出版社: 上海译文出版社 1990
超循环论是研究一个自然界中简单系统演化成复杂系统的自组织原理。所研究的不是宏观个体的物种进化规律,而是分子水平上微观整体——“拟种”的进化规律。根据超循环理论,作为“拟种”的一个自复制单元(即一个催化剂)不仅能催化生成一个类似的循环,这些循环还会耦合成一个更大的循环,这更大的循环又能进一步成为新的更大循环的单元而催生出更高层次的循环。超循环即指二级或二级以上的催化循环系统。如此类推,理论上可生成无穷层次自相嵌套的循环生长系统。
The Origins of Order: Self-Organization and Selection in Evolution Goodreads 豆瓣
作者: Stuart A. Kauffman 出版社: Oxford University Press, U.S.A. 1993 - 6 其它标题: The Origins of Order
Stuart Kauffman here presents a brilliant new paradigm for evolutionary biology, one that extends the basic concepts of Darwinian evolution to accommodate recent findings and perspectives from the fields of biology, physics, chemistry and mathematics. The book drives to the heart of the exciting debate on the origins of life and maintenance of order in complex biological systems. It focuses on the concept of the spontaneous emergence of order that is widely observed throughout nature Kauffman argues that self-organization plays an important role in the Darwinian process of natural selection. Yet until now no systematic effort has been made to incorporate the concept of self-organization into evolutionary theory. The construction requirements which permit complex systems to adapt are poorly understood, as is the extent to which selection itself can yield systems able to adapt more successfully. This book explores these themes. It shows how complex systems,
contrary to expectations, can spontaneously exhibit stunning degrees of order, and how this order, in turn, is essential for understanding the emergence and development of life on Earth. Topics include the new biotechnology of applied molecular evolution, with its important implications for developing new drugs and vaccines; the balance between order and chaos observed in many naturally occurring systems; new insights concerning the predictive power of statistical mechanics in biology; and other major issues. Indeed, the approaches investigated here may prove to be the new center around which biological science itself will evolve. The work is written for all those interested in the cutting edge of research in the life sciences.
量子相变 豆瓣
作者: S.Sachdev 2003 - 11
这是第一本系统介绍量子相变理论的专著,其中部分内容也可作研究生教材。本书内容新颖,涉及凝聚态物理学中广泛关注的许多重要问题。本书叙述简明,将理论模型的阐述与最新实验结果的介绍密切结合。书中着重描写和阐述存在量子相变的一些最简单的相互作用系统的物理性质。全书大部分均忽略了无序效应,而把注意力集中在这样一些系统在非零温度下的动力学性质,深入讨论了以非弹性碰撞为主的量子动力学及输运过程。
本书为英文版!
多样性红利 豆瓣
The Difference: How the Power of Diversity Creates Better Groups, Firms, Schools, and Societies
作者: [美] 斯科特·佩奇 译者: 贾拥民 出版社: 浙江教育出版社 2018 - 9
●《多样性红利》创造性地提出多样性视角、启发式、解释和预测模型四个认知工具箱框架,并得出惊人结论:一个人是否聪明不是由智商决定的,而取决于认知工具的多样性!本书将告诉你如何应用工具箱中的工具,用多样性创造更多的红利。
●查理?芒格的认知工具箱是怎么建立起来的?智能等于智商吗?人和计算机相比谁拥有更多样性的视角?多样性和能力谁更重要?拥有Z优秀问题解决者的群体和由多样性人群组成的群体谁会更好地解决问题?在本书中,这些问题都将得到解答。
●多样性视角、启发式、解释和预测模型让人们找到了更多更好的解决方案,让人们的预测更有价值。
●多样性在4个条件下比能力更重要!
●人生一切难题,视角给你答案。好的视角可以让问题变得更简单、更容易解决。任何一个问题,都存在一个可以让答案脱颖而出的视角。
Networks 豆瓣
作者: Mark Newman 出版社: OUP Oxford 2018 - 7
The study of networks, including computer networks, social networks, and biological networks, has attracted enormous interest in the last few years. The rise of the Internet and the wide availability of inexpensive computers have made it possible to gather and analyze network data on an unprecedented scale, and the development of new theoretical tools has allowed us to extract knowledge from networks of many different kinds. The study of networks is broadly interdisciplinary and central developments have occurred in many fields, including mathematics, physics, computer and information sciences, biology, and the social sciences. This book brings together the most important breakthroughs in each of these fields and presents them in a coherent fashion, highlighting the strong interconnections between work in different areas.
Topics covered include the measurement of networks; methods for analyzing network data, including methods developed in physics, statistics, and sociology; fundamentals of graph theory; computer algorithms; mathematical models of networks, including random graph models and generative models; and theories of dynamical processes taking place on networks.
从分子到网络 豆瓣
作者: John H. Byrne / James L. Roberts 出版社: 科学出版社 2006 - 3
神经元(神经细胞)是构成神经系统的基石,对神经元各个方面的深入、彻底的理解对于我们从各个层次对神经系统进行分析都是十分必要的。本书论述神经细胞的形态学、生物化学、生物物理学基础知识,这些知识正迎合了相关专业的大学生、研究生、科研人员的需要。
2000年诺贝尔生理医学奖获得者Eric R.Kandel盛赞此书:“凭着对神经生理学的独到的、富有创见的阐述,这本书填补了一个亟需填补的空白。
行文清晰,尤其是插图经过了精心设计,图示精美。
每一章的编写才均为该令域的权威和学科带头人。
被专家誉为“神经科学家书架上的必备书”。
Systems Thinking For Social Change 豆瓣
作者: David Peter Stroh 出版社: Chelsea Green Publishing 2015 - 10
Donors, leaders of nonprofits, and public policy makers usually have the best of intentions to serve society and improve social conditions. But often their solutions fall far short of what they want to accomplish and what is truly needed. Moreover, the answers they propose and fund often produce the opposite of what they want over time. We end up with temporary shelters that increase homelessness, drug busts that increase drug-related crime, or food aid that increases starvation.
How do these unintended consequences come about and how can we avoid them? By applying conventional thinking to complex social problems, we often perpetuate the very problems we try so hard to solve, but it is possible to think differently, and get different results.
Systems Thinking for Social Change enables readers to contribute more effectively to society by helping them understand what systems thinking is and why it is so important in their work. It also gives concrete guidance on how to incorporate systems thinking in problem solving, decision making, and strategic planning without becoming a technical expert.
Systems thinking leader David Stroh walks readers through techniques he has used to help people improve their efforts to end homelessness, improve public health, strengthen education, design a system for early childhood development, protect child welfare, develop rural economies, facilitate the reentry of formerly incarcerated people into society, resolve identity-based conflicts, and more.
The result is a highly readable, effective guide to understanding systems and using that knowledge to get the results you want.
Review
“I don't know of another book in this field that presents the ideas of systems thinking in such a clear and practical way, with so many real-world examples."--Janice Molloy, managing editor, Reflections: The SoL NorthAmerica Journal on Knowledge, Learning, and Change
Publishers Weekly-
"This dense volume will be of genuine use to many in the nonprofit world ... Stroh has a valuable insight to impart: Becoming a more effective systems thinker is not just an analytical task 'but also an emotional, physical, and ultimately spiritual one.' For those dedicated enough to stay with Stroh's message, this book will be a useful beginning.”
“Stroh has offered an important gem in his new book, Systems Thinking for Social Change. Both illuminating and immediately useful, the book shares the key dynamics and success factors gleaned from his long career of working with organizations struggling with society’s most persistent issues. A must read for anyone whose aim is to make a difference on the ground.”--Kristina Wile, co-president, Leverage Networks, and managing partner, Systems Thinking Collaborative
“If there is only one book you read on systems thinking, it should be Systems Thinking for Social Change. If you’re new to systems thinking, I consider this a must read. If you’ve been involved in systems thinking for some time and want a renewed and extended perspective, I highly recommend it. Stroh’s new work covers all the relevant areas appropriate for a solid introduction to systems thinking, though it doesn’t stop there. It makes a serious contribution by detailing a number of real-world situations that have been investigated and improved using the approach presented in the book. And it does very well something that I’ve not seen done before: it not only shows how to map the current system, but also shows how to then create a revised map of how the system is intended to work in the future. This approach ends up identifying where measurements should be made on an ongoing basis to ascertain whether the system is undergoing the intended transformation.”--Gene Bellinger, director, Systems Thinking World, Inc.
“The philanthropic sector has shifted from a ‘charity’ mindset to a focus on changing systems to create sustainable change. Systems Thinking for Social Change offers practical tools for those serious about improving communities and organizations. It doesn’t minimize the complexity, but rather empowers social-change agents with tools to understand the complexity and identify the leverage points.”--Teresa Behrens, director, Institute for Foundation and Donor Learning
“Over fifteen years ago, David Stroh was instrumental in introducing systems thinking to the peace-building field, using tools that have proven to be powerful for improving the effectiveness of our work. This book is a valuable resource for our field ― a must read for all practitioners who have been seeking practical and easy-to-understand guidance on using systems thinking for conflict analysis and strategic planning for better impacts.”--Diana Chigas, professor of practice, Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University, and co-director of collaborative learning, CDA Collaborative Learning Projects
“This is a must read for public leaders and citizens who are interested in the learning disciplines required for a sustainable, proactive approach to preserving our shared resources.”--Georgianna Bishop, president, The Public Sector Consortium
“For those who have worked for many years in the social-service sector, and who have grown cynical or disillusioned as to whether it is even possible to effect major social change, David Peter Stroh’s book, Systems Thinking for Social Change, is a must read―a clear, thoughtful, and practical guide for those desiring to create lasting social change. But reader beware! Systems thinking is more than a new way of thinking. As Stroh puts it, it is a new way of being. It requires the ability to look at things in a new way, to interact with others differently, to have a clear vision of where you want to go, a willingness to see things the way they are and, finally, the courage to take responsibility for why the system as is isn’t working. If you want to help create long-lasting, effective social change, if you want to say ‘we’re doing it―we’re actually making progress,’ then read this book.”--Anne Miskey, executive director, Funders Together to End Homelessness
“David Stroh, in his invaluable new book, shows that good intentions are not enough for those who aspire to make lasting progress on fundamental social issues―and also how the language and tools of systems theory can provide a deeper understanding of the root causes and help identify the leverage points for productive and sustainable change.”--Russell Eisenstat, executive director, Center for Higher Ambition Leadership
“Societal problems are a swirl of causes, effects, interactions, and contributing relationships. Yet, too often, simplistic answers are applied by the well-intended that only touch on one strand of what is (in reality) a complex and interconnected web. Stroh’s work provides an actionable guide on how to model these relationships―and more importantly how to have a meaningful and lasting impact on them.”--Jason E. Glass, superintendent and chief learner, Eagle County Schools
Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata 豆瓣
作者: John von Neumann / Edit by Arthur Burk 出版社: UMl Reprint University Illinois 1966 Ed 2002
该书是一本von Neumann关于“自复制自动机”的研究论文集,由von Neumann在密西根大学的助手Arthur Burk(大名鼎鼎的John Holland的博士导师)整理编辑。
这本书的意义不仅仅在于它实际上开创了“人工生命”、“细胞自动机”等多门复杂性研究的分支。更重要的是,该书将“自我复制”作为生命的一个本质特征加以数学建模的研究。而这套理论和可计算性理论、歌德尔定理以及热力学深深地联系到了一起。这一点也许对于我们研究复杂系统的人来说仍具有重要的意义。
规模 豆瓣
Scale: The Universal Laws of Growth, Innovation, Sustainability, and the Pace of Life in Organisms, Cities, Economies, and Companies
7.9 (17 个评分) 作者: 杰弗里·韦斯特 (Geoffrey West) 译者: 张培 出版社: 中信出版社 2018 - 6
生命体、城市、公司,乃至一切复杂万物,是否都存在相通的内在生长逻辑?制约生命与死亡、城市化的扩张及公司寿命的决定因素究竟是什么?人类能否通过融汇生物学、物理学、社会学、经济学等跨学科知识,找到揭开复杂万物生长背后的简单法则?
享誉全球的复杂系统性科学研究中心圣塔菲研究所前所长杰弗里•韦斯特潜心研究数十年,经过反复试验和求证,终于找到了解构复杂世界的简单逻辑——规模法则。在韦斯特眼中,规模成为衡量世间万物的不变标准,利用规模法则,复杂世界变得可量化、可预测、清晰明了且极度统一。规模法则阐明了从生命体到城市、从经济体到公司的生长与衰败都离不开其自身规模的制约,并与其规模呈一定比例关系,遵守统一的公式。这一算法框架不仅为人类思考未知世界提供了难得的简单法则,而且能解答不同生命体的生长极限之谜,优化城市发展架构并找到推动经济实现可持续发展、公司从初创到卓越的生长曲线。
《规模》将帮助你重新思考生命、认识自身、了解你的生活与工作,并告诉你复杂世界其实充满简单的逻辑,只要跳脱思维框架,打破学科限制,你就会重新看清你周遭的一切。
分形分析 豆瓣
作者: 木上淳 出版社: 机械工业出版社 2004 - 9
本书讨论了解形分析,这是一个发展很快的数学分支,主要研究分形的动态特性,如分形的热扩散及分形结构材料的振动。本书从基本的自相似集合的几何学原理开始,逐步对新近的研究成果加以讨论,其中包括拉普拉斯算子的特征值和特征函数的性质、自相似集合热核的渐近特性等。
阅读本书只需具备高等分析学、普通拓扑学和测度论的基础知识。本书特别适合分析和概率论专业的研究生和研究人员阅读,同时本书也非常适合用为与分开有关的研究生课程的初充教材。
Self-Organization in Biological Systems 豆瓣
作者: Scott Camazine / Jean-Louis Deneubourg 出版社: Princeton University Press 2003 - 8
The synchronized flashing of fireflies at night. The spiraling patterns of an aggregating slime mold. The anastomosing network of army-ant trails. The coordinated movements of a school of fish. Researchers are finding in such patterns - phenomena that have fascinated naturalists for centuries - a fertile new approach to understanding biological systems: the study of self-organization. This book, a primer on self-organization in biological systems for students and other enthusiasts, introduces readers to the basic concepts and tools for studying self-organization and then examines numerous examples of self-organization in the natural world. Self-organization refers to diverse pattern formation processes in the physical and biological world, from sand grains assembling into rippled dunes to cells combining to create highly structured tissues to individual insects working to create sophisticated societies. What these diverse systems hold in common is the proximate means by which they acquire order and structure. In self-organizing systems, pattern at the global level emerges solely from interactions among lower-level components. Remarkably, even very complex structures result from the iteration of surprisingly simple behaviors performed by individuals relying on only local information. This striking conclusion suggests important lines of inquiry: to what degree is environmental rather than individual complexity responsible for group complexity? To what extent have widely differing organisms adopted similar, convergent strategies of pattern formation? How, specifically, has natural selection determined the rules governing interactions within biological systems? Broad in scope, thorough yet accessible, this book is a self-contained introduction to self-organization and complexity in biology - a field of study at the forefront of life sciences research.
How Nature Works 豆瓣 谷歌图书
作者: Per Bak 出版社: Copernicus 1999 - 4
This text is intended for the general reader who is interested in science. The author is a physicist who is well known for his development of the property called "self organized criticality", a property or phenomenon that lies at the heart of large dynamical systems. It can be used to analyze systems that are complicated, and which are part of the new science of complexity. It is a unifying concept that can be used to study phenomena in fields as diverse as economics, astronomy, the earth sciences, and physics. The author discusses his discovery of self organized criticality, its relation to the world of classical physics computer simulations and experiments which aid scientists' understanding of the property and the relation of the subject to popular areas such as fractal geometry and power laws cellular automata, and a wide range of practical applications.