数学科学
Algebraic Topology 豆瓣
作者: Allen Hatcher 出版社: Cambridge University Press 2001 - 11
In most mathematics departments at major universities one of the three or four basic first-year graduate courses is in the subject of algebraic topology. This introductory textbook in algebraic topology is suitable for use in a course or for self-study, featuring broad coverage of the subject and a readable exposition, with many examples and exercises. The four main chapters present the basic material of the subject: fundamental group and covering spaces, homology and cohomology, higher homotopy groups, and homotopy theory generally. The author emphasizes the geometric aspects of the subject, which helps students gain intuition. A unique feature of the book is the inclusion of many optional topics which are not usually part of a first course due to time constraints, and for which elementary expositions are sometimes hard to find. Among these are: Bockstein and transfer homomorphisms, direct and inverse limits, H-spaces and Hopf algebras, the Brown representability theorem, the James reduced product, the Dold-Thom theorem, and a full exposition of Steenrod squares and powers. Researchers will also welcome this aspect of the book.
Thirty-three Miniatures 豆瓣
作者: Jiří Matoušek 出版社: American Mathematical Socity 2010 - 6
This volume contains a collection of clever mathematical applications of linear algebra, mainly in combinatorics, geometry, and algorithms. Each chapter covers a single main result with motivation and full proof in at most ten pages and can be read independently of all other chapters (with minor exceptions), assuming only a modest background in linear algebra. The topics include a number of well-known mathematical gems, such as Hamming codes, the matrix-tree theorem, the Lovasz bound on the Shannon capacity, and a counterexample to Borsuk's conjecture, as well as other, perhaps less popular but similarly beautiful results, e.g., fast associativity testing, a lemma of Steinitz on ordering vectors, a monotonicity result for integer partitions, or a bound for set pairs via exterior products. The simpler results in the first part of the book provide ample material to liven up an undergraduate course of linear algebra. The more advanced parts can be used for a graduate course of linear-algebraic methods or for seminar presentations. Table of Contents: Fibonacci numbers, quickly; Fibonacci numbers, the formula; The clubs of Oddtown; Same-size intersections; Error-correcting codes; Odd distances; Are these distances Euclidean?; Packing complete bipartite graphs; Equiangular lines; Where is the triangle?; Checking matrix multiplication; Tiling a rectangle by squares; Three Petersens are not enough; Petersen, Hoffman-Singleton, and maybe 57; Only two distances; Covering a cube minus one vertex; Medium-size intersection is hard to avoid; On the difficulty of reducing the diameter; The end of the small coins; Walking in the yard; Counting spanning trees; In how many ways can a man tile a board?; More bricks--more walls?; Perfect matchings and determinants; Turning a ladder over a finite field; Counting compositions; Is it associative?; The secret agent and umbrella; Shannon capacity of the union: a tale of two fields; Equilateral sets; Cutting cheaply using eigenvectors; Rotating the cube; Set pairs and exterior products; Index. (STML/53)
Complex Analysis 豆瓣
作者: Lars Ahlfors 出版社: McGraw-Hill Education 1979 - 1
A standard source of information of functions of one complex variable, this text has retained its wide popularity in this field by being consistently rigorous without becoming needlessly concerned with advanced or overspecialized material. Difficult points have been clarified, the book has been reviewed for accuracy, and notations and terminology have been modernized. Chapter 2, Complex Functions, features a brief section on the change of length and area under conformal mapping, and much of Chapter 8, Global-Analytic Functions, has been rewritten in order to introduce readers to the terminology of germs and sheaves while still emphasizing that classical concepts are the backbone of the theory. Chapter 4, Complex Integration, now includes a new and simpler proof of the general form of Cauchy's theorem. There is a short section on the Riemann zeta function, showing the use of residues in a more exciting situation than in the computation of definite integrals.
微分几何讲义 豆瓣
Lectures on Differential Grometry
作者: 陈省身 出版社: 世界图书出版公司 2006 - 5
本书系统地论述了微分几何的基本知识。作者用前3章,以及第6章共计4章的篇幅介绍了流形、多重线性函数、向量场、外微分、李群和活动标架等基本知识和工具。基于上述基础知识,论述了微分几何的核心问题,即联络、黎曼几何、以及曲面论。第7章是当前十分活跃的研究领域——复流形。陈省身先生是此研究领域的大家,此章包含有作者独到、深刻的见解和简捷、有效的方法。第8章的Finsler几何是本书第2版新增加的一章,它是陈省身先生近年来一直倡导的研究课题,其中Chern联络具有突出的性质,它使得黎曼几何成为Finsler几何的特殊情形。最后两个附录,介绍了大范围曲线论和曲面论,以及微分几何与理论物理关系的论述,为这两个活跃的前沿领域提出了不少进一步的研究课题。
此书可作为高校数学与理论物理专业高年级本科生和研究生教材,也可供从事物理和数学等相关学科研究人员参考。如果从双语教学角度来考虑,它无疑也是理想的候选者。