数理逻辑
Conceptual Mathematics: A First Introduction to Categories 豆瓣
作者: F. William Lawvere / Stephen H. Schanuel 出版社: Cambridge University Press 2009 - 8
In the last 60 years, the use of the notion of category has led to a remarkable unification and simplification of mathematics. Conceptual Mathematics, Second Edition, introduces the concept of ’category’ for the learning, development, and use of mathematics, to both beginning students and general readers, and to practicing mathematical scientists. The treatment does not presuppose knowledge of specific fields, but rather develops, from basic definitions, such elementary categories as discrete dynamical systems and directed graphs; the fundamental ideas are then illuminated by examples in these categories.
Collected Works 豆瓣
作者: Kurt Godel 出版社: Oxford University Press, USA 2003 - 5
Kurt Godel (1906 - 1978) was the most outstanding logician of the twentieth century, famous for his hallmark works on the completeness of logic, the incompleteness of number theory, and the consistency of the axiom of choice and the continuum hypothesis. He is also noted for his work on constructivity, the decision problem, and the foundations of computability theory, as well as for the strong individuality of his writings on the philosophy of mathematics. He is less well known for his discovery of unusual cosmological models for Einstein's equations, in theory permitting time travel into the past. The Collected Works is a landmark resource that draws together a lifetime of creative thought and accomplishment. The first two volumes were devoted to Godel's publications in full (both in original and translation), and the third volume featured a wide selection of unpublished articles and lecture texts found in Godel's Nachlass. These long-awaited final two volumes contain Godel's correspondence of logical, philosophical, and scientific interest. Volume IV covers A to G, with H to Z in volume V; in addition, Volume V contains a full inventory of Godel's Nachlass. L All volumes include introductory notes that provide extensive explanatory and historical commentary on each body of work, English translations of material originally written in German (some transcribed from the Gabelsberger shorthand), and a complete bibliography of all works cited. Kurt Godel: Collected Works is designed to be useful and accessible to as wide an audience as possible without sacrificing scientific or historical accuracy. The only comprehensive edition of Godel's work available, it will be an essential part of the working library of professionals and students in logic, mathematics, philosophy, history of science, and computer science and all others who wish to be acquainted with one of the great minds of the twentieth century.
Collected Works 豆瓣
作者: Kurt Godel 出版社: Oxford University Press, USA 2003 - 6
Kurt Godel (1906 - 1978) was the most outstanding logician of the twentieth century, famous for his hallmark works on the completeness of logic, the incompleteness of number theory, and the consistency of the axiom of choice and the continuum hypothesis. He is also noted for his work on constructivity, the decision problem, and the foundations of computability theory, as well as for the strong individuality of his writings on the philosophy of mathematics. He is less well known for his discovery of unusual cosmological models for Einstein's equations, in theory permitting time travel into the past. The Collected Works is a landmark resource that draws together a lifetime of creative thought and accomplishment. The first two volumes were devoted to Godel's publications in full (both in original and translation), and the third volume featured a wide selection of unpublished articles and lecture texts found in Godel's Nachlass. These long-awaited final two volumes contain Godel's correspondence of logical, philosophical, and scientific interest. Volume IV covers A to G, with H to Z in volume V; in addition, Volume V contains a full inventory of Godel's Nachlass. L All volumes include introductory notes that provide extensive explanatory and historical commentary on each body of work, English translations of material originally written in German (some transcribed from the Gabelsberger shorthand), and a complete bibliography of all works cited. Kurt Godel: Collected Works is designed to be useful and accessible to as wide an audience as possible without sacrificing scientific or historical accuracy. The only comprehensive edition of Godel's work available, it will be an essential part of the working library of professionals and students in logic, mathematics, philosophy, history of science, and computer science and all others who wish to be acquainted with one of the great minds of the twentieth century.
Collected Works 豆瓣
作者: Kurt Gödel 出版社: Oxford University Press, USA 2001 - 5
Kurt Godel (1906 - 1978) was the most outstanding logician of the twentieth century, famous for his hallmark works on the completeness of logic, the incompleteness of number theory, and the consistency of the axiom of choice and the continuum hypothesis. He is also noted for his work on constructivity, the decision problem, and the foundations of computability theory, as well as for the strong individuality of his writings on the philosophy of mathematics. He is less well known for his discovery of unusual cosmological models for Einstein's equations, in theory permitting time travel into the past. The Collected Works is a landmark resource that draws together a lifetime of creative thought and accomplishment. The first two volumes were devoted to Godel's publications in full (both in original and translation), and the third volume featured a wide selection of unpublished articles and lecture texts found in Godel's Nachlass. These long-awaited final two volumes contain Godel's correspondence of logical, philosophical, and scientific interest. Volume IV covers A to G, with H to Z in volume V; in addition, Volume V contains a full inventory of Godel's Nachlass. L All volumes include introductory notes that provide extensive explanatory and historical commentary on each body of work, English translations of material originally written in German (some transcribed from the Gabelsberger shorthand), and a complete bibliography of all works cited. Kurt Godel: Collected Works is designed to be useful and accessible to as wide an audience as possible without sacrificing scientific or historical accuracy. The only comprehensive edition of Godel's work available, it will be an essential part of the working library of professionals and students in logic, mathematics, philosophy, history of science, and computer science and all others who wish to be acquainted with one of the great minds of the twentieth century.
论可计算数 豆瓣
Turing's Vision: The Birth of Computer Science
作者: [美] 克里斯·伯恩哈特 译者: 雪曼 出版社: 中信出版集团 2016 - 9
1936年,24岁的图灵发表了现代计算领域奠基性的论文《论可计算数及其在判定问题上的应用》。这篇论文堪称图灵一生中最重要的贡献。然而,大众对图灵的了解多停留在破解德国的著名密码系统Enigma,帮助盟军取得二战的胜利上。对于数学家图灵,人们往往知之甚少。
在本书中,作者深入分析了图灵的这篇论文,读者只需具备高中水平的数学知识,即可轻松读懂这篇划时代的论文,了解其对现代计算发展的杰出贡献。正如人工智能之父马文·明斯基所说,图灵的论文有着超乎寻常的简洁性及数学之美。任何希望深入了解图灵及其工作的读者都不该错过这本书!
蒯因著作集(第1卷) 豆瓣
作者: 蒯因 (W. V. Quine) 译者: 涂纪亮 / 陈波 主编 出版社: 中国人民大学出版社 2007 - 1
内容提要
本卷包括两部论著:《威拉德·范·奥曼·蒯因自传》(1986)和《数理逻辑》(1940)。前者是蒯因为“在世哲学家文库”《蒯因哲学》卷所写的简明自传;后者是蒯因的一部重要的逻辑著作,在其中,他仍然坚持逻辑主义纲领,试图从逻辑中推导出数学,把先前在《数理逻辑的新基础》(1937)一文中提出的NF系统,修改为ML系统,这是一个把命题逻辑、量化理论和集合论集为一身的系统,结构简明、特性奇异。
目录
威拉德·范·奥曼·蒯因自传
数理逻辑
导言
第一章 句子
1 合取、析取和否定
2 条件句
3 多重复合
4 使用和谈论
5 谈论句子的句子
6 准引语
7 括号与黑点
8 归约为三个初始联结词
9 归约为一个初始联结词
10 重言式
11 某些重言的形式
第二章 量化
12 量词
13 公式
14 约束、自由、闭包
15 量化的公理
16 定理
17 元定理
18 等值代换
19 存在量词
20 量词的分配
21 字母变体
第三章 项
22 类和分子
23 逻辑公式
24 抽离
25 等同
26 再论抽离
27 摹状词和名字
第四章 关于类的进一步理论
28 层次
29 更进一步的从属关系公理
30 等同可代入性
31 变元的代入
32 进一步的结果
33 逻辑积、和、补
34 包含
35 单类
第五章 关系
36 对和关系
37 关系的抽离
38 逆、象、关系积
39 祖先
40 函数
41 函数的抽离
42 作为关系的等同和从属
第六章 数
43 零、一、后继
44 自然数
45 可数集合
46 有穷的和无穷的
47 关系的幂
48 算术和、积、幂
……
第七章 句法
附录
参考文献
人名索引
主题词索引
走近形式语用学 豆瓣
作者: 蒋严 出版社: 上海教育出版社 2011 - 8
《走近形式语用学》是《西方最新语言学理论译介》丛书的一种,系统介绍了当前国际语言学界关于形式语用学的最新进展,内容包括语用推理的实用逻辑观念;言语行为理论的形式语用学;博弈语用学;量化、数量和形式潜伏语用分析条件句增力研究;汉语违实句分析等。《走近形式语用学》在介绍西方理论的同时,力求有原创性的观点和分析。《走近形式语用学》还特别注重对汉语的研究,研究课题基本上都是在中文出版物中较新的题目。
数理逻辑引论 豆瓣
作者: 王宪钧 出版社: 北京大学出版社 1998
本书是著名数理逻辑哲学家王宪钧教授的代表作,共分三篇,前两篇“命题演算”和“狭谓词演算”,讲述数理逻辑基础知识。作者对基本概念的讲解、定理和无定理的证明都详细易懂,第三篇是关于数理逻辑发展的简史,作者论述了从莱布尼茨到歌德尔的数理逻辑发展的三个阶段,指出了数理逻辑的五个特点,并就一些重要的数学问题发表了自己的见解。本书内容涉及数学、哲学、逻辑学、语言学以及科学史等诸多问题。适用于哲学、数理工作者。
数理逻辑 豆瓣
A Mathematical Introduction to Logic
作者: [美]Herbert B.Enderton 译者: 沈复兴 / 陈磊 出版社: 人民邮电出版社 2007 - 3
《数理逻辑(第2版)》适合作为数学、哲学、计算机科学以及其他学科需要学习数理逻辑课程的本科生和研究生的教材。
Proofs without Words 豆瓣
作者: Roger B. Nelsen 出版社: The Mathematical Association of America 1993 - 10
Proofs without words are generally pictures or diagrams that help the reader see why a particular mathematical statement may be true, and how one could begin to go about proving it. While in some proofs without words an equation or two may appear to help guide that process, the emphasis is clearly on providing visual clues to stimulate mathematical thought. The proofs in this collection are arranged by topic into five chapters: Geometry and algebra; Trigonometry, calculus and analytic geometry; Inequalities; Integer sums; and Sequences and series. Teachers will find that many of the proofs in this collection are well suited for classroom discussion and for helping students to think visually in mathematics.
弗雷格哲学论著选辑 豆瓣
作者: 弗雷格 译者: 王路 / 王炳文 校 出版社: 商务印书馆 2006 - 4
弗雷格是现代逻辑的创始人,也是分析哲学的奠基人,他的思想对罗素和维特根斯坦有直接的影响。本书收录了他关于哲学和逻辑学的文章共14篇。
康托的无穷的数学和哲学 豆瓣
作者: (美)道本 译者: 郑毓信 / 刘晓力 出版社: 大连理工大学出版社 2008 - 4
《康托的无穷的数学和哲学》既不是一部传记,也不是某一思想的历史,……而是试图记录一个不平凡的智力活动的主脉,并在某种程度上作出一些心理动力学的分析,以此表明一个新理论如何产生,为什么会产生,它所面临的问题,以及最终为什么会演变成为科学理论体系的一部分。
超穷集合论的创立最终使数学家依据对于数学性质的一般观点,以及对于无穷的特殊见解分裂成为敌对的阵营。多少年里,康托的名字就意味着论战和对立。
数理逻辑 豆瓣
A Mathematical Introduction to Logic, Second Edition
作者: (美)Herbert B. Enderton 著 出版社: 人民邮电出版社 2006 - 1
本书是数理逻辑方面的经典教材。书中涵盖了命题逻辑、一阶逻辑、不可判定性以及二阶逻辑等方面的内容,并且包含本书是数理逻辑方面的经典教材。书中涵盖了命题逻辑、一阶逻辑、不可判定性以及二阶逻辑等方面的内容,并且包含了与计算机科学有关的主题,如有限模型。本书特点是:内容可读性强;组织结构更灵活,授课教师可根据教学需要节选本书的内容;反映了近几年来理论计算机科学对逻辑学产生的影响;包含较多的示例和说明。本书适合作为计算机及相关专业本科生和研究生数理逻辑课程的教材。.
本书是数理逻辑方面的经典教材,以可读性强而著称,在美国大学中采用率极高,麻省理工学院、加州大学伯克利分校、哥伦比亚大学、康奈尔大学等众多名校均用它作为教材。本版章节组织更加灵活,增加了与计算机科学相关的主题(比如有限模型),还增加了一些示例和阐释文字,更适合本科生和研究生数理逻辑课程使用。.
逻辑与演绎科学方法论导论 豆瓣
Introduction to Logic and to the Methodology of Deductive Sciences
作者: 〔波兰〕塔尔斯基著 译者: 周礼全 吴允曾 / 晏成书 出版社: 商务印书馆 1963 - 4
《逻辑与演绎科学方法论导论》是我的《论数理逻辑和演绎方法》(该书1936年最初用波兰文出版,又于1937年出版了确切的德文译本,书名是:《数理逻辑和数学方法论导论》)一书部分修正了的和扩充了的版本。最初写《逻辑与演绎科学方法论导论》,是企图把它当作一本通俗的科学著作;其目的是向受过相当教育的普通读者提供一一用把科学的严格性和最大的可理解性结合起来的方式一一集中于现代逻辑的强大的现代思潮的一个清楚的观念。这个思潮最初是从多少受到局限的巩固数学基础的任务发生的。可是,在现阶段它却具有远?广泛的目的。因为它试图创造出可为人类知识的整体提供一种共同基础的统一的概念工具。此外,它有助于使演绎方法完全化和敏锐化,这种演绎方法在某些科学中被当作确立真理的唯一的允许的方法,而且,的确,它至少在一切智力活动的领域内,是从被公认的假设中推导出结论来的必不可少的补助的工具。
哥德尔 豆瓣
Reflections on Kurt Gödel
作者: [美] 王浩 译者: 康宏逵 出版社: 上海译文出版社 1997 - 1
库尔特·哥德尔无疑是当代最伟大的思想家之一。王浩与晚年的哥德尔交往甚密,他在本书中首次广泛论述了哥德尔的生平与工作,充分揭示了哥德尔深奥精妙的思想及其与数学史和哲学史上的重要论题的关系。他所涉猎的主题包括初等逻辑的完全性,形式化的极限,证明问题,集合概念,数学哲学,时间理论,相对论,形而上学,宗教以及作为世界观的哲学。