本书系《决策科学化译丛（第二辑）》之一，针对当代社会流行的两种相对立的观念即科学主义和反科学主义，从作者所持有的温和实在论出发，既捍卫了科学的客观性，同时也揭示了科学的建构特征。在此基础上，作者论证，在决定开展何种科研项目时，除了科学本身的认知价值之外，不可避免地会渗透进社会价值，因而这样的决定必须在民主框架下才能保证合法性。作者进一步提出了科研项目民主决策的模型——良序科学，并结合分子生物学的实践，讨论了该模型的应用。本书适合理工科学生、科技工作者、科技政策决策者和研究者、科学哲学和STS领域的研究者等阅读。

This book reconstructs, both from the historical and theoretical points of view, Leibniza (TM)s geometrical studies, focusing in particular on the research Leibniz carried on in the last years of his life. The main purpose of the work is to offer a better understanding of the philosophy of space and in general of the mature Leibnizean metaphysics, through a pressing confrontation with the problems of geometric foundation. Regarding this scope of problems, the book also deals quite in depth with Leibniza (TM)s theory of sensibility, thus favouring the comparison and contrast between Leibniza (TM)s philosophy and Kanta (TM)s transcendentalist solution. The Appendix gives editing to a number of previously unpublished manuscripts on geometry from the Leibniz Archiv.

本書與《科技渴望社會》為台灣第一套 STS讀本。 台灣 STS 研究者群策群力， 透過 精選、譯介西方 STS 文獻的菁華，引領台灣讀者進入 科技與社會這個活力十足的新興研究領域。 每篇選文都附有台灣 STS 學者所撰寫的導讀，提綱挈領，同時也點出在台灣閱讀這些 STS 經典譯文的意義。
STS經典譯叢作者群
Londa Schiebinger,Michel Foucault,Ruth Schwartz Cowan,David Edgerton, Sandra Harding,Emily Martin , Steven Epstein,Thomas P. Hughes, Bruno Latour, Langdon Winner ,N. J. Jewson ,David Arnold,Karin Garrety
台灣科技與社會網絡計畫群
吳嘉苓、成令方、傅大為、雷祥麟、吳泉源、陳恆安、李尚仁、王秀雲、蔡麗玲、林崇熙、劉士永、林宜平、林宗德、楊佳羚、周任芸、傅憲豪、方俊育、曾凡慈、蔣竹山、余曉嵐、周雅淳、顧彩璇、程雅欣為什麼哺乳動物最多只有其中一半有能力哺乳，卻要命名為 「哺乳類」，起碼也可以叫「吸奶類」啊？家用科技越來越普遍，家庭主婦居然越來越像忙不完的老媽子，科技難道不一定減輕家務勞動的負擔？精子穿透卵子，是很客觀的科學描述吧，怎會有研究把這種科學描述說成是租書店那種一本十元的羅曼史？這些女性主義 STS 研究，揭露了性別如何作為科技社會的組織原則，探索了科技如何成為性別關係的生成來源， 翻轉我們對於世界的理解。 科技與性別怎麼相互形塑，渴望性別的科技社會為什麼會更友善與民主，本書提供了一些線索。

Concepts, methods and techniques of statistical physics in the study of correlated, as well as uncorrelated, phenomena are being applied ever increasingly in the natural sciences, biology and economics in an attempt to understand and model the large variability and risks of phenomena. This is the first textbook written by a well-known expert that provides a modern up-to-date introduction for workers outside statistical physics.

More than any other writer of the twentieth century, Henri Poincaré brought the elegant, but often complicated, ideas about science and mathematics to the general reader. A genius who throughout his life solved complex mathematical calculations in his head, and a writer gifted with an inimitable style, Poincaré rose to the challenge of interpreting the philosophy of science to scientists and nonscientists alike. His lucid and welcoming prose made him the Carl Sagan of his time. This volume collects his three most important books: Science and Hypothesis (1903); The Value of Science (1905); and Science and Method (1908).

Shows the value of the Bayesian methodology for the addressing the core issues in the field
Provides clear, comprehensive, and accessible explanations
Discusses a wide range of questions, from philosophical foundations to practical applications in science
Combines mathematical modeling with conceptual analysis, simulations, case studies, and empirical results
How should we reason in science? Jan Sprenger and Stephan Hartmann offer a refreshing take on classical topics in philosophy of science, using a single key concept to explain and to elucidate manifold aspects of scientific reasoning. They present good arguments and good inferences as being characterized by their effect on our rational degrees of belief. Refuting the view that there is no place for subjective attitudes in 'objective science', Sprenger and Hartmann explain the value of convincing evidence in terms of a cycle of variations on the theme of representing rational degrees of belief by means of subjective probabilities (and changing them by Bayesian conditionalization). In doing so, they integrate Bayesian inference—the leading theory of rationality in social science—with the practice of 21st century science. Bayesian Philosophy of Science thereby shows how modeling such attitudes improves our understanding of causes, explanations, confirming evidence, and scientific models in general. It combines a scientifically minded and mathematically sophisticated approach with conceptual analysis and attention to methodological problems of modern science, especially in statistical inference, and is therefore a valuable resource for philosophers and scientific practitioners.

This book exhibits deep philosophical quandaries and intricacies of the historical development of science lying behind a simple and fundamental item of common sense in modern science, namely the composition of water as H2O. Three main phases of development are critically re-examined, covering the historical period from the 1760s to the 1860s: the Chemical Revolution (through which water first became recognized as a compound, not an element), early electrochemistry (by which water's compound nature was confirmed), and early atomic chemistry (in which water started out as HO and became H2O). In each case, the author concludes that the empirical evidence available at the time was not decisive in settling the central debates, and therefore the consensus that was reached was unjustified, or at least premature. This leads to a significant re-examination of the realism question in the philosophy of science, and a unique new advocacy for pluralism in science. Each chapter contains three layers, allowing readers to follow various parts of the book at their chosen level of depth and detail. The second major study in "complementary science", this book offers a rare combination of philosophy, history and science in a bid to improve scientific knowledge through history and philosophy of science.

超循环论是研究一个自然界中简单系统演化成复杂系统的自组织原理。所研究的不是宏观个体的物种进化规律，而是分子水平上微观整体——“拟种”的进化规律。根据超循环理论，作为“拟种”的一个自复制单元（即一个催化剂）不仅能催化生成一个类似的循环，这些循环还会耦合成一个更大的循环，这更大的循环又能进一步成为新的更大循环的单元而催生出更高层次的循环。超循环即指二级或二级以上的催化循环系统。如此类推，理论上可生成无穷层次自相嵌套的循环生长系统。

《从逻辑的观点看》是W.V.O．蒯因的第一部哲学论著，由九篇论文结集而成。文中提出了一系列具有独创性和挑战性的观点，如关于何物存在的本体论许诺的学说，关于共相（抽象物）问题上唯名论和实在论之争的折中解决方案（概念论），关于经验论“两个教条”（分析命题和综合命题之分与还原论）的批评和整体主义的知识观，关于意义和指称的区别和对“意义”观念的否定，关于数理逻辑的新基础（NF）以及对内涵（模态）逻辑的批评等，都曾引起广泛而热烈的争论，对当代西方哲学的发展产生了重大的影响。

本书是阐释人类如何认识过去并与过去对话的首部历史学（历史认识学）划时代著作。作者从“历史”概念入手，探究了“历史”这个概念中所蕴含的历史认识与历史意识，并在此基础上研究了人类是如何对历史时间与历史空间进行认识的，并针对日本历史认识的相关特征进行了阐释。

在反人工智能者中，最为人所熟悉的就是休伯特--德雷福斯及其同在伯克利执教的工程学教授斯图亚特--德雷福斯。在本书中，休伯特--德雷福斯诉诸现象学海德格尔，胡塞尔，梅洛--庞蒂以及另一派维特根斯坦的工作，提出了反对强人工智能的论证。其核心思想则是：许多人类的行为不能被简单的看作是遵照一套规则行事。
人工智能每一步特殊努力后的停滞，意味着从人类行为任何孤立的方面，不会有通向完整成人智能行为的一点的突破。棋弈、语言翻译、问题求解和模式识别都依赖人类“信息加工”的特殊形式，而这种特殊形式的人类“信息加工”，反过来又取决于人类在世界中的存在方式。对这种处于某一局势之中的方式，原则上无法用现在能想象到的技巧加以程序化。

本书共6卷，大致按年代顺序编辑而成。但出于各卷篇幅方面的考试，有时也打破了这种顺序。
第1卷收入两部论著：《威拉德·范·奥曼·蒯因自传》和《数理逻辑》
第2卷收入两部论著：《逻辑方法》和《本体论的相对性及其他论文》
第3卷收入两部论著：《集合论及其逻辑》和《逻辑哲学》
第4卷收入三部论著：《从逻辑的观点看》、《指称之根》以及《语词和对象》
第5卷收入两部论著：《悖论的方式及其他论文》和《信念之网》
第6卷收入四部论著：《理论和事物》、《一些离奇的想法——一部不连贯的哲学辞典》、《真之追求》、《从刺激到科学》
以上6卷收入了蒯因的绝大部分逻辑论著和哲学论著，只有少数论著未收入。

本书共分八部分，主要内容包括：“学妖”与“四姨太效应”；科学态度：从老中医绝食说起；一个辉煌的物理时代的终结等。

本书是一部中国现代科学技术简史，它主要论述了中国科学事业的三大转变，即从传统到现代的心态转变、从欧美到苏联的模式转变和从国防到经济的动力转变。在导言和结语中讨论相关的重大理论问题，在导言中讨论了起点与分期、科学与社会、传统与现代、中国与世界，在结语中讨论了技术与经济、科学与技术、自然科学与社会科学、历史与未来。

“神学”发端于12—13世纪人们探索宇宙奥秘的乐趣，本是为超自然知识领域保留的术语。但在16—17世纪，大量自然哲学家和世俗人对神学经典论题的讨论，使得科学与神学以全新的方式结合在一种话语模式中，“神学关切以世俗化的术语表达，而科学的关切则以神学术语表达。神学与其他科学几乎成为同一个领域”。由此形成了一种看待神圣事物的独特方式，即“世俗神学”。后者虽然只短暂存在了一个世纪，却产生了深远的影响。
《神学与科学的想象》是犹太思想史家阿摩斯·冯肯斯坦一生阅读与思考的结晶。全书细致考察了早期现代科学理念在中世纪的形而上学基础，讨论16—17世纪的“世俗神学”对后世科学、社会学与历史观念的影响。作者以独到的问题意识和视角，将人们耳熟能详的各个思想史片段整合为一幅全面的思想史图景。

In this largely antimetaphysical treatment of free will and determinism, Mark Balaguer argues that the philosophical problem of free will boils down to an open scientific question about the causal histories of certain kinds of neural events. In the course of his argument, Balaguer provides a naturalistic defense of the libertarian view of free will. The metaphysical component of the problem of free will, Balaguer argues, essentially boils down to the question of whether humans possess libertarian free will. Furthermore, he argues that, contrary to the traditional wisdom, the libertarian question reduces to a question about indeterminacy--in particular, to a straightforward empirical question about whether certain neural events in our heads are causally undetermined in a certain specific way; in other words, Balaguer argues that the right kind of indeterminacy would bring with it all of the other requirements for libertarian free will. Finally, he argues that because there is no good evidence as to whether or not the relevant neural events are undetermined in the way that's required, the question of whether human beings possess libertarian free will is a wide-open empirical question.

还原论是西方哲学的重要传统理论，是当代哲学家和科学家集中谈论的热烈话题之一。刘明海所著的《还原论研究》详细梳理了还原论的历史演进，深入发掘了还原论的思想起源，全面总结了还原论的论证过程，具体呈现了还原论的思想内容。并以此为基础，《还原论研究》分别探讨了还原论在当代科技哲学、心灵哲学中的发展现状，既涉及反还原论提出的挑战与诘难，也涉及还原论做出的回应与反驳，进而阐释还原论对于生物现象、心理现象这些人类“斯芬克斯之谜”的启示性看法，重新正确评价还原论在哲学和科学发展中的地位与价值。