在反人工智能者中，最为人所熟悉的就是休伯特--德雷福斯及其同在伯克利执教的工程学教授斯图亚特--德雷福斯。在本书中，休伯特--德雷福斯诉诸现象学海德格尔，胡塞尔，梅洛--庞蒂以及另一派维特根斯坦的工作，提出了反对强人工智能的论证。其核心思想则是：许多人类的行为不能被简单的看作是遵照一套规则行事。
人工智能每一步特殊努力后的停滞，意味着从人类行为任何孤立的方面，不会有通向完整成人智能行为的一点的突破。棋弈、语言翻译、问题求解和模式识别都依赖人类“信息加工”的特殊形式，而这种特殊形式的人类“信息加工”，反过来又取决于人类在世界中的存在方式。对这种处于某一局势之中的方式，原则上无法用现在能想象到的技巧加以程序化。

[内容简介]
除宇宙外，大脑是目前人类的头号未解之谜，宛若科学领域闪耀的王冠，而王冠上璀璨的明珠，要属人的意识，它令人着迷又深不可测。意识吸引了全世界科学领域的巨擘的目光，而脑科学家斯坦尼斯拉斯·迪昂从这些人里脱颖而出，他让意识探索从空想走向实践。如诺贝尔生理学或医学奖获得者埃里克· 坎德尔所说，迪昂开创的一系列意识实验，彻底改变了脑科学领域。
在《脑与意识》中，迪昂集结了意识与思维近20年来的前沿研究成果，用丰富、富有创新性的实验，将深奥难懂的脑科学知识，以大众看得懂的方式娓娓道来，发现了人类主观意识的客观标志，原来意识是“可见的”，掀起了脑科学的新篇章。
从我们感觉不到无意识讲到人人可察觉的主观思想，从意识的功能讲到意识的测量方法，从与植物人沟通讲到创造有意识的AI。本书对意识与思维背后的脑活动进行了重新定义、检验和阐释，探讨了意识在临床医疗和未来科技方面的潜在用途和进展，为读者打开了新思路。迪昂与同事提出的突破性理论“全脑神经工作空间”书中也进行了详细解释。
让我们跟随迪昂一同踏上旅程，探索人类思想、情感与意志背后那复杂而令人兴奋的真相。
[编辑推荐]
●电子化、智能化将是人类未来的生活基础和主流，这意味着脑科学，尤其是意识问题，将成为人类研究的核心。本书的新探索、新方法、新范式、新观点无疑会为将来脑科学发展开辟新疆土。
●斯坦尼斯拉斯·迪昂的研究跨越神经科学、教育学、心理学、生物学，作为全世界极具影响力的认知神经科学家、欧洲神经科学领军人、“神经科学领域的诺贝尔奖”大脑奖得主，迪昂已超其导师、认知神经科学的创始人之一迈克尔·波斯纳，确立了自己在脑科学领域的大神级地位。
●这本书适合所有奋战在一线的医疗技术人员、医生和人工智能技术专家，它可以帮助医疗人士对病人的意识情况做出诊断，让人工智能专家找到如何让AI拥有人类思维这一问题的答案。本书也适合任何与脑科学直接或间接相关的学科专业人士。对神经科学、实验心理学、教育学初学者来说，它是了解大脑很好的入门书籍，为读者提供了清晰可操作的意识实验范式，对这些学科的专家而言，本书呈现了一幅完整的现代意识研究拼图。对于乐于探索前沿知识的读者，他们可以从这些设计新奇、令人拍案叫绝的实验中锻炼科学思维与逻辑推理。
●诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主埃里克·坎德尔、世界领军神经科学家克里斯·弗里思、加州理工学院的生物学和工程学教授克里斯托弗·科赫、《华盛顿邮报》等盛赞。中科院院士、核物理学家、浙江大学教授唐孝威倾情作序，北京大学校务委员会委员周晓林、复旦大学生命科学学院退休教授顾凡及、浙江大学哲学系教授李恒威、果壳网CEO姬十三、苇草智酷创始合伙人段永朝盛赞推荐！
●湛庐文化出品

Freud introduced the West to the unconscious, but the last half-century of psychology has reinvented it, argues University of Virginia psychology professor Timothy D. Wilson. In Strangers to Ourselves: Discovering the Adaptive Unconscious, Wilson attempts to explain why there's so much about ourselves that we fail to understand, which can lead to misdirected anger. He points to a revised, post-Freudian understanding of how the mind works: the reason that their own judgments, feelings, [and] motives remain mysterious to people is not repression, as Freud argued, but efficiency so that the mind can process and analyze multiple things at once. Wilson looks at ways that readers can probe their unconscious, suggesting that soliciting the opinions of others is actually more valuable than introspection.

Studies of mechanisms in the brain that allow complicated things to happen in a coordinated fashion have produced some of the most spectacular discoveries in neuroscience. This book provides eloquent support for the idea that spontaneous neuron activity, far from being mere noise, is actually the source of our cognitive abilities. It takes a fresh look at the co-evolution of structure and function in the mammalian brain, illustrating how self-emerged oscillatory timing is the brains fundamental organiser of neuronal information. The small world-like connectivity of the cerebral cortex allows for global computation on multiple spatial and temporal scales. The perpetual interactions among the multiple network oscillators keep cortical systems in a highly sensitive metastable state and provide energy-efficient synchronising mechanisms via weak links. In a sequence of cycles, Gyorgy Buzsaki guides the reader from the physics of oscillations through neuronal assembly organisation to complex cognitive processing and memory storage. His clear, fluid writing accessible to any reader with some scientific knowledge is supplemented by extensive footnotes and references that make it just as gratifying and instructive a read for the specialist. The coherent view of a single author who has been at the forefront of research in this exciting field, this volume is essential reading for anyone interested in our rapidly evolving understanding of the brain.

谁是智商测试的奠基人，他和达尔文有什么关系？第一次大规模智商测试是在什么时候，其结果如何？纳粹德国的遗传病法庭上的智商测试是如何进行的？智商能测出什么？作者揭示了智商测试的历史和原理，但第一章的题目却是“智商测试的先天缺陷”。

Burgeoning advancements in brain science are opening up new perspectives on how we acquire knowledge. Indeed, it is now possible to explore consciousness—the very center of human concern—by scientific means. In this illuminating book, Dr. Gerald M. Edelman offers a new theory of knowledge based on striking scientific findings about how the brain works. And he addresses the related compelling question: Does the latest research imply that all knowledge can be reduced to scientific description?
Edelman’s brain-based approach to knowledge has rich implications for our understanding of creativity, of the normal and abnormal functioning of the brain, and of the connections among the different ways we have of knowing. While the gulf between science and the humanities and their respective views of the world has seemed enormous in the past, the author shows that their differences can be dissolved by considering their origins in brain functions. He foresees a day when brain-based devices will be conscious, and he reflects on this and other fascinating ideas about how we come to know the world and ourselves.

神经元（神经细胞）是构成神经系统的基石，对神经元各个方面的深入、彻底的理解对于我们从各个层次对神经系统进行分析都是十分必要的。本书论述神经细胞的形态学、生物化学、生物物理学基础知识，这些知识正迎合了相关专业的大学生、研究生、科研人员的需要。
2000年诺贝尔生理医学奖获得者Eric R.Kandel盛赞此书：“凭着对神经生理学的独到的、富有创见的阐述，这本书填补了一个亟需填补的空白。
行文清晰，尤其是插图经过了精心设计，图示精美。
每一章的编写才均为该令域的权威和学科带头人。
被专家誉为“神经科学家书架上的必备书”。

This lovely book uses metaphors to convey the extraordinary complexity of what happens when we read—and to describe how important it is to pause and read deeply. As Wolf notes: “whenever we name even a single letter, we are activating entire networks of specific neuronal groups in the visual cortex, which correspond to entire networks of equally specific language-based cell groups, which correspond to networks of specific articulatory-motor cell groups—all with millisecond precision.
“It takes years for deep-reading processes to be formed, and as a society we need to be sure that we are vigilant about their development in our young from a very early age. It takes daily vigilance by us, the expert readers of our society, to choose to expend the extra milliseconds needed to maintain deep reading over time.”
This is a book well worth reading, if only to remind us of the value of reading slowly and deeply.

从8个令人惊奇的问题开始，带你理解迷一样的人类行为，以全新的眼光看待我们自身。
跟着作者不断解谜，如侦探小说般神经的逻辑，彻底明白我们日常的心理与行为的机制。
【人类竟是如此神奇】听声辨位、梦中杀人、左右互搏、多重人格、心灵操控……这样小说般的情节都是真的！本书展现了很多人类超乎自己想象的行为。每章都从一个惊奇问题开始，带领读者不断解谜，充满阅读推理作品的快感。
【神经科学一本通】覆盖神经科学的各领域和多种方法，习惯、记忆、梦境、疏忽、幻觉等等日常心理机制都得到了解释，在快乐阅读中了解人脑和人类行为的方方面面，以全新的眼光看待人类自身。
【帮你生活更轻松】经常回到家才想起路上该买的东西没买？是否知道要减肥的话不能一边吃东西一边看电视？怎么抵御商家在不知不觉中对自己的剁手诱惑？还有躺在床上就能健身这种好事？假笑识破率还能提高？……理解了这些心理和行为的机制，就能更有意识地在生活中躲开陷阱，抄到近路！
《神经的逻辑》令人大开眼界，它既轻松有趣，又是极富启发性的研究，也解释了我们为什么会做那些最为奇怪的事。斯滕伯格撬开了我们的心灵，解释了脑的运作方式，对一系列诸如感知、习惯、催眠、语言、学习等话题都给出了真知灼见。就如何面对人类大脑的无意识逻辑这一问题，本书为读者提供了专业性的指导。读罢掩卷，我对“我这个人到底是谁”有了更多的体悟。
——列奥纳德· 莫洛迪诺夫，《大设计》第二作者斯滕伯格对脑的怪行背后隐秘逻辑的解释，是神经科学界一支全新的声音。
——承现峻，《连接组》作者本书每章读起来都像侦探小说，每一页都闪耀着作者对神经病学的热情。它同时还非常适合哲学家和心理学家，正能治疗他们的“神经元嫉妒症”。
——V. S. 拉马钱德兰，《讲故事的脑》作者如果你想知道人们为什么用不理性的方式思考和行动，想为此找出合理回答，那本书就该是你的第一本书。
——迈克尔· 舍默，怀疑论者学会创始人我们解释事情时通常有一些叙事套路，而本书却是对这些叙事套路背后真正的神经回路进行丰富详尽的研究。作者破解、打开了脑中的“黑箱”，检查其中并行的有意识和无意识两套系统，探究从做梦、自动模式行为到记忆、幻觉、创伤等一系列问题。
——《自然》杂志
从最怪异的梦和幻觉，到精神分裂症与多重人格，脑是各式各样怪念怪行的肇事者。从外部看，这些现象常显得“疯狂”，但其实它们都有逻辑可循，这套逻辑使我们能创造经验、保全自我。
无论是哈欠会传染、虚假记忆、不饿却进食、色情片盛行、感同身受等常见的行为、心理状况和情感，还是清醒梦、濒死体验、盲人看到的景色、梦游杀人等惊奇案例，《神经的逻辑》都为我们娓娓道来。以这些现象为契机，斯滕伯格博士深入脑和神经系统的内部，揭示并解读脑与神经中理性的有意识系统和幽深的无意识系统，解释两套系统怎样造就了我们或平常或怪异的行为。弄清楚脑与神经系统的运作模式和逻辑，不仅可以改变我们对心理疾病和超自然体验的看法，也会让我们更加了解自身的隐秘之处，做出更正确的决策。

在线阅读本书
A brain scientist's journey from a debilitating stroke to full recovery becomes an inspiring exploration of human consciousness and its possibilities
On the morning of December 10, 1996, Jill Bolte Taylor, a thirty-seven-year-old Harvard-trained brain scientist, experienced a massive stroke when a blood vessel exploded in the left side of her brain. A neuroanatomist by profession, she observed her own mind completely deteriorate to the point that she could not walk, talk, read, write, or recall any of her life, all within the space of four brief hours. As the damaged left side of her brain--the rational, grounded, detail- and time-oriented side--swung in and out of function, Taylor alternated between two distinct and opposite realties: the euphoric nirvana of the intuitive and kinesthetic right brain, in which she felt a sense of complete well-being and peace; and the logical, sequential left brain, which recognized Jill was having a stroke, and enabled her to seek help before she was lost completely.
In My Stroke of Insight , Taylor shares her unique perspective on the brain and its capacity for recovery, and the sense of omniscient understanding she gained from this unusual and inspiring voyage out of the abyss of a wounded brain. It would take eight years for Taylor to heal completely. Because of her knowledge of how the brain works, her respect for the cells composing her human form, and most of all an amazing mother, Taylor completely repaired her mind and recalibrated her understanding of the world according to the insights gained from her right brain that morning of December 10th.
Today Taylor is convinced that the stroke was the best thing that could have happened to her. It has taught her that the feeling of nirvana is never more than a mere thought away. By stepping to the right of our left brains , we can all uncover the feelings of well-being and peace that are so often sidelined by our own brain chatter. A fascinating journey into the mechanics of the human mind, My Stroke of Insight is both a valuable recovery guide for anyone touched by a brain injury, and an emotionally stirring testimony that deep internal peace truly is accessible to anyone, at any time. Questions for Jill Bolte Taylor Amazon.com: Your first reaction when you realized what was happening to your body was one you would expect: "Oh my gosh, I'm having a stroke!" Your second, though, was a little more surprising: "Wow, this is so cool!" What could be cool about a stroke? Taylor: I grew up to study the brain because I have a brother who is only 18 months older than I am. He was very different in the way he perceived experiences and then chose to behave. As a result, I became fascinated with the human brain and how it creates our perception of reality. He was eventually diagnosed with the brain disorder schizophrenia, and I dedicated my career to the postmortem investigation of the human brain in an attempt to understand, at a biological level, what are the differences between my brain and my brothers brain. On the morning of the stroke, I realized that my brain was no longer functioning like a "normal" brain and this insight into my brother's reality excited me. I was fascinated to intimately understand what it might be like on the inside for someone who would not be diagnosed as normal. Through the eyes of a curious scientist, this was an absolutely rare and fascinating experience for me to witness the breakdown of my own mind. Amazon.com: What did you learn about the brain from your stroke and your recovery that your scientific training hadn't prepared you for? Taylor: My scientific training did not teach me anything about the human spirit and the value of compassion. I had been trained as a scientist, not as a clinician. I can only hope that we are teaching our future physicians about compassion in medicine, and I know that some medical schools, including the Indiana University School of Medicine, have created a curriculum with this intention. My training as a scientist, however, did provide me with a roadmap to how the body and brain work. And although I lost my left cognitive mind that thinks in language, I retained my right hemisphere that thinks in pictures. As a result, although I could not communicate with the external world, I had an intuitive understanding about what I needed to do in order to create an environment in which the cells in my brain could be happy and healthy enough that they could regain their function. In addition, because of my training, I had an innate trust in the ability of my brain to be able to recover itself and my mother and I respected the organ by listening to it. For example, when I was tired, I allowed my brain to sleep, and when I was fresh and capable of focusing my attention, we gave me age-appropriate toys and tools with which to work. Amazon.com: Your stroke affected functions in your left brain, leaving you to what you call the "la-la land" of your right hemisphere. What was it like to live in your right brain, and then to rebuild your left? Taylor: When the cells in my left brain became nonfunctional because they were swimming in a pool of blood, they lost their ability to inhibit the cells in my right hemisphere. In my right brain, I shifted into the consciousness of the present moment. I was in the right here, right now awareness, with no memories of my past and no perception of the future. The beauty of La-la land (my right hemisphere experience of the present moment) was that everything was an explosion of magnificent stimulation and I dwelled in a space of euphoria. This is great way to exist if you don't have to communicate with the external world or care whether or not you have the capacity to learn. I found that in order for me to be able to learn anything, however, I had to take information from the last moment and apply it to the present moment. When my left hemisphere was completely nonfunctional early on, it was impossible for me to learn, which was okay with me, but I am sure it was frustrating for those around me. A simple example of this was trying to put on my shoes and socks. I eventually became physically capable of putting my shoes and socks on, but I had no ability to understand why I would have to put my socks on before my shoes. To me they were simply independent actions that were not related and I did not have the cognitive ability to figure out the appropriate sequencing of the events. Over time, I regained the ability to weave moments back together to create an expanse of time, and with this ability came the ability to learn methodically again. Life in La-la land will always be just a thought away, but I am truly grateful for the ability to think with linearity once again. Amazon.com: What can we learn about our brains and ourselves from your experience, even if we haven't lived through the kind of brain trauma you have? Taylor: I learned that I have much more say about what goes on between my ears than I was ever taught and I believe that this is true for all of us. I used to understand that I had the ability to stop thinking about one thing by consciously choosing to preoccupy my mind with thinking about something else. But I had no idea that it only took 90 seconds for me to have an emotional circuit triggered, flush a physiological response through my body and then flush completely out of me. We can all learn that we can take full responsibility for what thoughts we are thinking and what emotional circuitry we are feeling. Knowing this and acting on this can lead us into feeling a wonderful sense of well-being and peacefulness. Amazon.com: You are the "Singin' Scientist" for Harvard's Brain Bank (just as you were before your stroke). Could you tell us about the Brain Bank (in song or not)? Taylor: There is a long-term shortage of brain tissue donated for research into the severe mental illnesses. Most people dont realize that when you sign the back of your license as an organ donor, the brain is not included. If you would like to donate your brain for research, you must contact a brain bank directly. There is also a shortage of "normal control" tissue for research. The bottom line reality is that if there were more tissue available for research, then more scientists would be dedicating their careers to the study of the severe mental illnesses and we would have more answers about what is going on with these disorders. The numbers of mentally ill individuals in our society are staggering. The most serious and disabling conditions affect about 6 percent--or one in 17--adults and 9-13 percent of children in the United States. Half of all lifetime conditions of mental illness start by age 14 years, and three-fourths by age 24 years. For more information about brain donation to the Harvard brain bank, please call 1-800-BRAINBANK or visit them at: www.brainbank.mclean.org If you would like to hear me sing the brain bank jingle, please visit www.drjilltaylor.com!

Gregory Bateson was a philosopher, anthropologist, photographer, naturalist, and poet, as well as the husband and collaborator of Margaret Mead. With a new foreword by his daughter Mary Katherine Bateson, this classic anthology of his major work will continue to delight and inform generations of readers.

"This collection amounts to a retrospective exhibition of a working life. . . . Bateson has come to this position during a career that carried him not only into anthropology, for which he was first trained, but into psychiatry, genetics, and communication theory. . . . He . . . examines the nature of the mind, seeing it not as a nebulous something, somehow lodged somewhere in the body of each man, but as a network of interactions relating the individual with his society and his species and with the universe at large."—D. W. Harding, New York Review of Books

"[Bateson's] view of the world, of science, of culture, and of man is vast and challenging. His efforts at synthesis are tantalizingly and cryptically suggestive. . . .This is a book we should all read and ponder."—Roger Keesing, American Anthropologist

一股新的研究浪潮正改变着我们对人类思维和大脑的认识。许多基础教育领域已要求学生对认知神经科学具备基本的理解。不过，目前多数教科书都是为生物学专业的学生准备的，很少考虑心理学和其他相关专业的读者。本书意在填补这一空缺。
专为心理学、医学预科、教育不及神经科学本科生和研究生而写；采用易于理解的主题式写作方式，无需神经科学或生物学背景；章节设置循序渐进，可读性强，以简单漂亮的绘图作品构建大脑，令人印象深刻；每章结尾处附有思考题和绘图练习，帮助加深理解。

本书以哲学、进化生物学、认知科学、逻辑学、计算机科学与自动机理论的结合点为轴心，以计算机科学哲学领域的计算主义和反计算主义相对立的研究立场为主线，试图在计算机革命或哲学的信息转向的背景下对人机类比、计算仿真与生命模拟的历史、现状和未来作深入浅出的评述，并着重探讨逻辑机器哲学和人工生命理论的发展、演变、研究现状，展示了计算机科学哲学理论发展的脉络、面临的挑战和困境以及解决问题的可能出路和走向。

本书是承续诺贝尔经济学奖获得者赫伯特·A.西蒙开创的有限理性观，集包括莱茵哈德·泽尔腾和弗农·L.史密斯等诺贝尔经济学获得者在内的众多当今世界上各个领域的顶级科学家的集体智慧而成的一部经典著作。
它将人类理性作为适应性思维重新思考，重在理解头脑是如何应付周围的自然和社会环境的。其独到的见解和论述将关于人类思维、人工智能、创造性及决策制定等问题的研究从一个虚无缥缈的梦幻世界迎回现实世界中来。
它是一部让人变得勇敢与睿智之作。其提出观点和假设的大胆性、论证观点和假设的严密性及驳斥相反论点的强而有力，都将给读者留下深刻的印象。书中处处闪耀着智慧和灵感的火花，读者不仅可以从中汲取到知识的营养，更重要的是可以从中学到独立思考的精神和灵活多变的思维方法！
作为一部引人入胜的跨学科著作、本书适合于对心理学、认知科学、人工智能、统计学、经济学、社会学、哲学和动物行为等研究领域感兴趣的广大读者阅读。它可以供希望在现实生活中作出良好决策的任何人作为参考。