数学
Geometries 豆瓣
作者:
A. B. Sossinsky
American Mathematical Society
2012
- 7
The book is an innovative modern exposition of geometry, or rather, of geometries; it is the first textbook in which Felix Klein's Erlangen Program (the action of transformation groups) is systematically used as the basis for defining various geometries. The course of study presented is dedicated to the proposition that all geometries are created equal—although some, of course, remain more equal than others. The author concentrates on several of the more distinguished and beautiful ones, which include what he terms “toy geometries”, the geometries of Platonic bodies, discrete geometries, and classical continuous geometries.
The text is based on first-year semester course lectures delivered at the Independent University of Moscow in 2003 and 2006. It is by no means a formal algebraic or analytic treatment of geometric topics, but rather, a highly visual exposition containing upwards of 200 illustrations. The reader is expected to possess a familiarity with elementary Euclidean geometry, albeit those lacking this knowledge may refer to a compendium in Chapter 0. Per the author's predilection, the book contains very little regarding the axiomatic approach to geometry (save for a single chapter on the history of non-Euclidean geometry), but two Appendices provide a detailed treatment of Euclid's and Hilbert's axiomatics. Perhaps the most important aspect of this course is the problems, which appear at the end of each chapter and are supplemented with answers at the conclusion of the text. By analyzing and solving these problems, the reader will become capable of thinking and working geometrically, much more so than by simply learning the theory.
Ultimately, the author makes the distinction between concrete mathematical objects called “geometries” and the singular “geometry”, which he understands as a way of thinking about mathematics. Although the book does not address branches of mathematics and mathematical physics such as Riemannian and Kähler manifolds or, say, differentiable manifolds and conformal field theories, the ideology of category language and transformation groups on which the book is based prepares the reader for the study of, and eventually, research in these important and rapidly developing areas of contemporary mathematics.
The text is based on first-year semester course lectures delivered at the Independent University of Moscow in 2003 and 2006. It is by no means a formal algebraic or analytic treatment of geometric topics, but rather, a highly visual exposition containing upwards of 200 illustrations. The reader is expected to possess a familiarity with elementary Euclidean geometry, albeit those lacking this knowledge may refer to a compendium in Chapter 0. Per the author's predilection, the book contains very little regarding the axiomatic approach to geometry (save for a single chapter on the history of non-Euclidean geometry), but two Appendices provide a detailed treatment of Euclid's and Hilbert's axiomatics. Perhaps the most important aspect of this course is the problems, which appear at the end of each chapter and are supplemented with answers at the conclusion of the text. By analyzing and solving these problems, the reader will become capable of thinking and working geometrically, much more so than by simply learning the theory.
Ultimately, the author makes the distinction between concrete mathematical objects called “geometries” and the singular “geometry”, which he understands as a way of thinking about mathematics. Although the book does not address branches of mathematics and mathematical physics such as Riemannian and Kähler manifolds or, say, differentiable manifolds and conformal field theories, the ideology of category language and transformation groups on which the book is based prepares the reader for the study of, and eventually, research in these important and rapidly developing areas of contemporary mathematics.
Linear Algebra Done Right (3rd ed) 豆瓣
10.0 (8 个评分)
作者:
Sheldon Axler
Springer International Publishing
2014
- 11
New edition extensively revised and updated
Covers new topics such as product spaces, quotient spaces, and dual spaces
Features new visually appealing format for both print and electronic versions
Includes almost three times the number of exercises as the previous edition
This best-selling textbook for a second course in linear algebra is aimed at undergrad math majors and graduate students. The novel approach taken here banishes determinants to the end of the book. The text focuses on the central goal of linear algebra: understanding the structure of linear operators on finite-dimensional vector spaces. The author has taken unusual care to motivate concepts and to simplify proofs. A variety of interesting exercises in each chapter helps students understand and manipulate the objects of linear algebra.
The third edition contains major improvements and revisions throughout the book. More than 300 new exercises have been added since the previous edition. Many new examples have been added to illustrate the key ideas of linear algebra. New topics covered in the book include product spaces, quotient spaces, and dual spaces. Beautiful new formatting creates pages with an unusually pleasant appearance in both print and electronic versions.
No prerequisites are assumed other than the usual demand for suitable mathematical maturity. Thus the text starts by discussing vector spaces, linear independence, span, basis, and dimension. The book then deals with linear maps, eigenvalues, and eigenvectors. Inner-product spaces are introduced, leading to the finite-dimensional spectral theorem and its consequences. Generalized eigenvectors are then used to provide insight into the structure of a linear operator.
From reviews of previous editions:
“… a didactic masterpiece”
—Zentralblatt MATH
“… a tour de force in the service of simplicity and clarity … The most original linear algebra book to appear in years, it certainly belongs in every undergraduate library.”
—CHOICE
The determinant-free proofs are elegant and intuitive.
—American Mathematical Monthly
“Clarity through examples is emphasized … the text is ideal for class exercises … I congratulate the author and the publisher for a well-produced textbook on linear algebra.”
—Mathematical Reviews
Covers new topics such as product spaces, quotient spaces, and dual spaces
Features new visually appealing format for both print and electronic versions
Includes almost three times the number of exercises as the previous edition
This best-selling textbook for a second course in linear algebra is aimed at undergrad math majors and graduate students. The novel approach taken here banishes determinants to the end of the book. The text focuses on the central goal of linear algebra: understanding the structure of linear operators on finite-dimensional vector spaces. The author has taken unusual care to motivate concepts and to simplify proofs. A variety of interesting exercises in each chapter helps students understand and manipulate the objects of linear algebra.
The third edition contains major improvements and revisions throughout the book. More than 300 new exercises have been added since the previous edition. Many new examples have been added to illustrate the key ideas of linear algebra. New topics covered in the book include product spaces, quotient spaces, and dual spaces. Beautiful new formatting creates pages with an unusually pleasant appearance in both print and electronic versions.
No prerequisites are assumed other than the usual demand for suitable mathematical maturity. Thus the text starts by discussing vector spaces, linear independence, span, basis, and dimension. The book then deals with linear maps, eigenvalues, and eigenvectors. Inner-product spaces are introduced, leading to the finite-dimensional spectral theorem and its consequences. Generalized eigenvectors are then used to provide insight into the structure of a linear operator.
From reviews of previous editions:
“… a didactic masterpiece”
—Zentralblatt MATH
“… a tour de force in the service of simplicity and clarity … The most original linear algebra book to appear in years, it certainly belongs in every undergraduate library.”
—CHOICE
The determinant-free proofs are elegant and intuitive.
—American Mathematical Monthly
“Clarity through examples is emphasized … the text is ideal for class exercises … I congratulate the author and the publisher for a well-produced textbook on linear algebra.”
—Mathematical Reviews
高等代数(第三版)(上册) 豆瓣
作者:
丘维声
高等教育出版社
2015
- 3
高等代数学习指导书(上册) 豆瓣
作者:
丘维声
清华大学出版社
2005
- 7
本书与普通高等教育国家级规划教材《高等代数》(第2版,上册)(丘维声主编,高等教育出版社出版)配套,是编者多年来在北京大学从事高等代数教学工作的结晶。全书共有6章,每章节主体结构包括内容精华、典型例题、习题三部分,章末还有补充题。本书阐述了高等代数的理论,总结了高等代数中重要的典型题型及考研题型,提炼了解题的规律、方法和技巧,旨在通过对理论的阐述以及解题方法和技巧的分析,使读者能掌握理论,举一反三、触类旁通。本书可作为高校大学生及社会自学者学习高等代数的辅导资料,也可供从事高等代数或线性代数教学的教师参考,还可作为工学、理学、经济学、管理学等学科专业硕士生入学考试数学科目的复习用书。本书作为“十五”国家级规划教材《高等代数(第二版)上册》的配套学习指导书,凝聚了作者从事教学工作34年特别是从事高等代数和线性代数教学工作26年的教学经验,是作者多年来在北京大学从事高等代数的教学工作的结晶。本书特色:·本书着力培养学生具有数学的思维方式,提高学生的素质和能力。·本书提供了很多证题思路和解题方法,总结了高等代数中重要的方法和技巧,使读者能举一反三、触类旁通。·本书的内容精华不同于同类图书的内容提要,作者不是罗列概念、定理,而是阐述所要研究的问题和解决问题的途径,揭示事物的内在规律。·本书的典型例题的解题思路和详细解答不同于同类图书的典型例题分析,作者侧重于启发读者的解题思路,增强读者的分析能力,并对题目的意义、解题方法和容易做错的地方予以点评。·本书习题丰富多采,既有与教学要求配套的题目,又有增强读者的分析能力和开阔眼界的题目。
复变函数简明教程 豆瓣
作者:
谭小江
/
伍胜健
北京大学出版社
2006
- 2
本书是为高等院校数学各专业“复变函数”课程编写的教材。它的先修课程是数学分析或高等数学。全书共分八章,内容包括:复平面,扩充复平面,解析函数,方式线性变换,Cauchy定理,Cauchy公式,幂级数,最大模原理,Schwarz引理,Laurent级数,留书及其应用,调和函数,解析开拓,Rieman存在定理等。 本书在选材上注重少而精,突出了复变量与实变量之间的关系,级数和积分表示方法,使之尽可能地满足数学各专业的需求,并充分地反映了复变函数的核心内容;在内容的处理上,体现了实分析与复分析的相同和不同之处,既注重定理的严格证明,又充分考虑了读者学习高等数学时的不同背景;在内容的安排上,由浅入深、循序渐进、深入浅出,便于教学与自学;在叙述表达上,力求严谨精练、清晰易读。为拓广所学知识,本书还增加了许多课堂之外供阅读的内容。另外,本书每章都配置了适量的习题,并在书末附有部分习题的解答或提示,供读者参考。
本书可作为数学、物理学、力学等专业和相关学科的本科生教材或教学参考书,也可供从事数学或物理研究的科技人员参考。
本书可作为数学、物理学、力学等专业和相关学科的本科生教材或教学参考书,也可供从事数学或物理研究的科技人员参考。
概率论 豆瓣
作者:
何书元编
北京大学出版社
2008
- 3
本书是高等院校“概率论”基础课的教材。全书共分六章,内容包括:古典概型和概率空间、随机变量和概率分布、随机向量及其分布、数学期望和方差、特征函数和概率极限定理、随机过程简介等。每小节配有练习题,每章配有总习题,书末附有习题答案或提示,供读者参考。本书对概率论的基本内容作了系统而全面的介绍,有许多新的简明讲法,有利于读者更好地理解所学内容和加深对问题本质的理解。本书叙述严谨、推导细致、举例丰富,精选的例题反映了现实生活中的特点,例如:赌博问题、判案问题、官员受贿问题、文物保存问题、遗传模型、收藏问题、敏感问题调查、医药疗效问题等。本书讲述的计算机随机变量函数和随机向量函数的密度的方法是解决较为复杂问题的有力方法。在讲述多元正态分布时,介绍了退化的多元正态分布;在讲述数学期望时,给出了混合分布的数学期望;对中心检限定理介绍了它的背景和应用。本书可作为综合大学、高等师范院校、理工科学大、财经院校本科生“概率论”课程的教材或教学参考书。学习本书的先修课程是高等数学。
概率论基础-第三版 豆瓣
作者:
李贤平
高等教育出版社
2010
- 4
《普通高等教育十一五国家级规划教材:概率论基础(第3版)》是“普通高等教育十一五国家级规划教材”之一,全书共分5个章节,主要对概率论的基本概念、方法、理论和应用作了介绍,具体内容包括事件与概率、条件概率与统计独立性、随机变量与分布函数、数字特征与特征函数等五章。每章有简要的小结并配有精选的习题。只假定读者具有微积分基础知识,可供高等学校数学类专业作为教材使用,也可供理工科各专业和经济、金融类专业作为教学参考书使用。
《概率论基础(第3版)》前两版为各高校广泛采用,普遍反映体系合理,材料丰富,结构严密,文字通顺,很适合作为教材使用。实践证明,此书理论性较强,但叙述深入浅出,易于接受,涉及面广,强调应用,有利于读者进一步发展。新版增添不少精彩内容与应用实例,对表述加以优化,对习题作了调整并新设解答。
《概率论基础(第3版)》前两版为各高校广泛采用,普遍反映体系合理,材料丰富,结构严密,文字通顺,很适合作为教材使用。实践证明,此书理论性较强,但叙述深入浅出,易于接受,涉及面广,强调应用,有利于读者进一步发展。新版增添不少精彩内容与应用实例,对表述加以优化,对习题作了调整并新设解答。
代数 豆瓣
Algebra,Second Edition
作者:
(美) Michael Artin
机械工业出版社
2012
- 1
本书由著名代数学家与代数几何学家Michael Artin所著,是作者在代数领域数十年的智慧和经验的结晶。书中既介绍了矩阵运算、群、向量空间、线性算子、对称等较为基本的内容,又介绍了环、模型、域、伽罗瓦理论等较为高深的内容。本书对于提高数学理解能力,增强对代数的兴趣是非常有益处的。此外,本书的可阅读性强,书中的习题也很有针对性,能让读者很快地掌握分析和思考的方法。
作者结合这20年来的教学经历及读者的反馈,对本版进行了全面更新,更强调对称性、线性群、二次数域和格等具体主题。本版的具体更新情况如下:
新增球面、乘积环和因式分解的计算方法等内容,并补充给出一些结论的证明,如交错群是简单的、柯西定理、分裂定理等。
修订了对对应定理、SU2 表示、正交关系等内容的讨论,并把线性变换和因子分解都拆分为两章来介绍。
新增大量习题,并用星号标注出具有挑战性的习题。
本书在麻省理工学院、普林斯顿大学、哥伦比亚大学等著名学府得到了广泛采用,是代数学的经典教材之一。
作者结合这20年来的教学经历及读者的反馈,对本版进行了全面更新,更强调对称性、线性群、二次数域和格等具体主题。本版的具体更新情况如下:
新增球面、乘积环和因式分解的计算方法等内容,并补充给出一些结论的证明,如交错群是简单的、柯西定理、分裂定理等。
修订了对对应定理、SU2 表示、正交关系等内容的讨论,并把线性变换和因子分解都拆分为两章来介绍。
新增大量习题,并用星号标注出具有挑战性的习题。
本书在麻省理工学院、普林斯顿大学、哥伦比亚大学等著名学府得到了广泛采用,是代数学的经典教材之一。
Real Analysis 豆瓣
9.6 (5 个评分)
作者:
Gerald B. Folland
Wiley
1999
- 4
An in-depth look at real analysis and its applications-now expanded and revised.
This new edition of the widely used analysis book continues to cover real analysis in greater detail and at a more advanced level than most books on the subject. Encompassing several subjects that underlie much of modern analysis, the book focuses on measure and integration theory, point set topology, and the basics of functional analysis. It illustrates the use of the general theories and introduces readers to other branches of analysis such as Fourier analysis, distribution theory, and probability theory.
This edition is bolstered in content as well as in scope-extending its usefulness to students outside of pure analysis as well as those interested in dynamical systems. The numerous exercises, extensive bibliography, and review chapter on sets and metric spaces make Real Analysis: Modern Techniques and Their Applications, Second Edition invaluable for students in graduate-level analysis courses. New features include:
* Revised material on the n-dimensional Lebesgue integral.
* An improved proof of Tychonoff's theorem.
* Expanded material on Fourier analysis.
* A newly written chapter devoted to distributions and differential equations.
* Updated material on Hausdorff dimension and fractal dimension.
This new edition of the widely used analysis book continues to cover real analysis in greater detail and at a more advanced level than most books on the subject. Encompassing several subjects that underlie much of modern analysis, the book focuses on measure and integration theory, point set topology, and the basics of functional analysis. It illustrates the use of the general theories and introduces readers to other branches of analysis such as Fourier analysis, distribution theory, and probability theory.
This edition is bolstered in content as well as in scope-extending its usefulness to students outside of pure analysis as well as those interested in dynamical systems. The numerous exercises, extensive bibliography, and review chapter on sets and metric spaces make Real Analysis: Modern Techniques and Their Applications, Second Edition invaluable for students in graduate-level analysis courses. New features include:
* Revised material on the n-dimensional Lebesgue integral.
* An improved proof of Tychonoff's theorem.
* Expanded material on Fourier analysis.
* A newly written chapter devoted to distributions and differential equations.
* Updated material on Hausdorff dimension and fractal dimension.
Indra's Pearls 豆瓣
作者:
David Mumford
/
Caroline Series
…
Cambridge University Press
2002
- 5
Felix Klein, one of the great nineteenth-century geometers, rediscovered in mathematics an idea from Eastern philosophy: the heaven of Indra contained a net of pearls, each of which was reflected in its neighbour, so that the whole Universe was mirrored in each pearl. Klein studied infinitely repeated reflections and was led to forms with multiple co-existing symmetries. For a century these ideas barely existed outside the imagination of mathematicians. However in the 1980s the authors embarked on the first computer exploration of Klein's vision, and in doing so found many further extraordinary images. Join the authors on the path from basic mathematical ideas to the simple algorithms that create the delicate fractal filigrees, most of which have never appeared in print before. Beginners can follow the step-by-step instructions for writing programs that generate the images. Others can see how the images relate to ideas at the forefront of research.
Foundations of Hyperbolic Manifolds 豆瓣
作者:
John Ratcliffe
Springer
2010
- 11
This heavily class-tested book is an exposition of the theoretical foundations of hyperbolic manifolds. It is a both a textbook and a reference. A basic knowledge of algebra and topology at the first year graduate level of an American university is assumed. The first part is concerned with hyperbolic geometry and discrete groups. The second part is devoted to the theory of hyperbolic manifolds. The third part integrates the first two parts in a development of the theory of hyperbolic orbifolds. Each chapter contains exercises and a section of historical remarks. A solutions manual is available separately.
复分析导论(第一卷) 豆瓣
作者:
(俄罗斯)沙巴特
译者:
胥鸣伟
/
李振宇
高等教育出版社
2011
- 1
《复分析导论(第1卷)·单复变函数(第4版)》文字叙述极具特色,素材丰富,内容包括全纯函数及其性质、解析延拓、几何理论的基础、解析方法、调和与次调和函数等。《复分析导论(第1卷)·单复变函数(第4版)》可供高等学校数学、物理、力学及相关专业的本科生、研究生、教师,以及相关领域的研究人员参考使用。
复分析是研究复函数,特别是亚纯函数和复解析函数的数学理论,其应用领域极为广泛,在其他数学分支和物理学中均起着重要的作用。
《复分析导论》(二卷本)根据作者在莫斯科大学讲授的讲义编写而成,分别涉及复分析必修课程和专业基础课的基本内容。《复分析导论(第1卷)·单复变函数(第4版)》是第一卷,给出了单复变函数理论的基本概念的完整叙述,并从一开始引入高维复分析中的许多重要思想,并通过单变函数的内容加以解释,为第二卷讲述高维复分析的内容做了必要铺垫。书中配备许多问题和练习,并列举了许多应用例子,有助于读者的学习。
复分析是研究复函数,特别是亚纯函数和复解析函数的数学理论,其应用领域极为广泛,在其他数学分支和物理学中均起着重要的作用。
《复分析导论》(二卷本)根据作者在莫斯科大学讲授的讲义编写而成,分别涉及复分析必修课程和专业基础课的基本内容。《复分析导论(第1卷)·单复变函数(第4版)》是第一卷,给出了单复变函数理论的基本概念的完整叙述,并从一开始引入高维复分析中的许多重要思想,并通过单变函数的内容加以解释,为第二卷讲述高维复分析的内容做了必要铺垫。书中配备许多问题和练习,并列举了许多应用例子,有助于读者的学习。