科学
庞加莱猜想 豆瓣
作者: [日]春日真人 译者: 孙庆媛 人民邮电出版社 2015 - 11
第35届“日本赏”最优秀奖
PARISCIENCE 2008 优秀奖
获奖作品
日本NHK电视台特别纪录
全景再现世纪难题“庞加莱猜想”的“百年魔咒”
揭秘庞加莱猜想百年挑战历程
记录追寻宇宙的形状与神秘数学家
体验数学“妖物”般的魅力与神秘
这个问题(庞加莱猜想)必将引领我们到达那遥远的世界。
——亨利•庞加莱
与庞加莱猜想的战斗,一着不慎就会“走火入魔”。
——沃尔夫冈•哈肯(Wolfgang Haken,四色定理证明者)
我也曾尝试过一些三维空间的庞加莱猜想研究,但很快就放弃了。我认为我的研究方法应该没什么用。要解决这个难题,显然需要一些新的创想。
——史蒂文•斯梅尔(Steven Smale,1966年菲尔兹奖获得者,高维度庞加莱猜想证明者)
庞加莱猜想中,如果宇宙不是球形的,那么可能会是什么形状呢?……不论宇宙是什么形状,都必定可以分解为最多8种各自不同的几何结构。
——威廉•瑟斯顿(William Thurston,1983年菲尔兹奖获得者)
1904年,法国数学家亨利•庞加莱提出了关于探寻宇宙形状的“庞加莱猜想”,自此后的100年间,不断有数学家向这个千禧难题发起挑战,最终庞加莱猜想被俄罗斯数学家格里戈里•佩雷尔曼以令人惊叹的绝妙方法证明。然而这位神秘的天才数学家却拒绝了2006年菲尔兹奖……
庞加莱猜想究竟是什么?宇宙的形状又如何?佩雷尔曼是如何证明庞加莱猜想的?
本书为日本NHK特别节目制作组关于“庞加莱猜想”的专题纪录,追寻宇宙的形状与神秘数学家的线索、谜题与真相。
量子宇宙 豆瓣
THE QUANTUM UNIVERSE
8.0 (5 个评分) 作者: 【英】布莱恩·考克斯 / 【英】杰夫·福修 译者: 王一帆 上海科学技术文献出版社 2021 - 9
世界公认的量子力学科普经典,一本书让你弄清楚宇宙的本质,看到科技的未来。
对于物理学者来说,量子力学是支持我们理解自然世界的三根砥柱之一,另外两根是爱因斯坦的狭义和广义相对论。爱因斯坦的理论分别处理了时间和空间的性质,以及引力问题,而量子力学处理剩下的一切问题。量子世界的"怪异"有很多丰碑“双缝实验”“薛定谔的猫”“不确定性原理”,它常常导致混乱,坦率地说,是糟糕的科学。
英国明星科学家布莱恩·考克斯和他的同事英国曼彻斯特大学理论物理学教授杰夫·福修共同编写了这本科普经典《量子宇宙》。书中用简洁的语言讲述了量子力学如何为自然界提供了一个具体的模型,其本质可与牛顿的运动定律、麦克斯韦的电磁理论、爱因斯坦的相对论相媲美。为了让大众读者更好地走进量子力学的物理世界,本书从物理的发展进程切入,追问哪些实验观察使量子力学成为必要,它是如何构建的,以及为什么我们能从中看到科技的未来,尽管它有明显的怪异性,它仍然是一个好理论。
宇宙逍遥 豆瓣
作者: 约翰·A·惠勒 译者: 田松 / 南宫梅芳 2006 - 4
《宇宙逍遥》是著名物理学家、“黑洞”的命名者惠勒的新作,其中既有作者对实在论等哲学问题的独特思考,也有对爱因斯坦、玻尔等科学巨人的回忆,值得对科学哲学、科学史感兴趣的读者关注。
本书共六部分,包括:科学的微笑、热忱与士气、玻尔与爱因斯坦、追忆伟人、半生此生、超越黑洞。

参看:http://www.lib.wust.edu.cn/showtxt/show_article.asp?ID=3321
天才与算法 豆瓣
The Creativity Code: How AI Is Learning to Write, Paint and Think
作者: [英] 马库斯·杜·索托伊 译者: 王晓燕 / 陈浩 机械工业出版社 2020 - 4
★美、英两国双料院士马库斯·杜·索托伊先生巅峰作品。
★我们即将进入一个由算法主导和支配的世界,AI将在互联网、绘画、音乐、写作等全方面挑战人类的创造力和想象力。
★作者用数学思维帮助我们理解算法,引领人们认知创造力的本质,帮助人类创造一个人与机器共存的美好未来。
十万个为什么 豆瓣
9.2 (5 个评分) 作者: 卢嘉锡 少年儿童出版社 1999 - 9
《十万个为什么》(新世纪版)共分为12个分册,分别为《数学分册》、《物理分册》、《化学分册》、《动物分册》、《植物分册》、《人体科学分册》、《地球科学分册》、《宇宙科学分册》、《环境科学分册》、《信息科学分册》、《工程科学分册》和《索引资料分册》。本书的内容力求体现选题广泛、知识新颖和贴近生活,既注意介绍基础科学知识,又注重反映最新的科技发展成果和应用。全书文字表述力求通俗浅显、生动活泼,串文插图力求造型准确、细腻逼真,这一切都基本保持了《十万个为什么》“科学性、通俗性、趣味性”的传统风格,以满足青少年阅读的要求。
2021年9月9日 已读
小时候读的这套。就算是硬壳,也被翻烂了。《见证中国近现代史:《十万个为什么》成为几代人的精神食粮,但你确定吃的不是“假粮”?》【马探长】
经典 中国 科普 童年 科学
Pale Blue Dot 豆瓣 Goodreads
作者: Carl Sagan Ballantine Books 1997 - 9
FASCINATING . . . MEMORABLE . . . REVEALING . . . PERHAPS THE BEST OF CARL SAGAN'S BOOKS.
--The Washington Post Book World (front page review)
In Cosmos, the late astronomer Carl Sagan cast his gaze over the magnificent mystery of the Universe and made it accessible to millions of people around the world. Now in this stunning sequel, Carl Sagan completes his revolutionary journey through space and time.
Future generations will look back on our epoch as the time when the human race finally broke into a radically new frontier--space. In Pale Blue Dot Sagan traces the spellbinding history of our launch into the cosmos and assesses the future that looms before us as we move out into our own solar system and on to distant galaxies beyond. The exploration and eventual settlement of other worlds is neither a fantasy nor luxury, insists Sagan, but rather a necessary condition for the survival of the human race.
"TAKES READERS FAR BEYOND Cosmos . . . Sagan sees humanity's future in the stars."
--Chicago Tribune
怎样解题(第3版) 豆瓣
The Art and Craft of Problem Solving (3/e)
作者: [美] 保罗·蔡茨 译者: 李胜宏 / 黄志斌 人民邮电出版社 2019 - 11
本书作者中学时代即亲身参加过国际奥林匹克数学竞赛,后来又长期负责培训数学竞技选手,具有丰富的解题经验。在书中,他总结了典型的解题方法,提供了系统而独到的观点。众多例题和习题选自各国数学竞赛真题,极具实战性,让你尽览不同风格的种类难题,尽享解题之美。
本书主要是为了帮助大家学习两个方面的内容:解决问题的方法和特定的数学思想。通过阅读这本书,你将会逐步学到更多的数学知识,也将会对解决问题越来越熟练。你在某一个领域所取得的进步将会激励你在更多的领域获得成功。
2020年11月25日 在读
Leetcode - 164. Maximum Gap 鸽笼定理。Leetcode 1654 - Minimum Jumps to Reach Home 贝祖数 MIT 6.006 递归思路模板 (SRT BOT)
1. Subproblem definition
2. Relate subproblem solutions recursively
3. Topological order on subproblems (⇒ subproblem DAG) 4. Base cases of relation
5. Original problem solution via subproblem(s)
6. Time analysis
2019 科普 数学 科学 思维
机械奇迹:发条装置之梦 (2013) 豆瓣
Mechanical Marvels: Clockwork Dreams
9.3 (6 个评分) 导演: Simon Schaffer 演员: Simon Schaffer
Simon Schaffer教授讲述18世纪的工匠用发条机械制作出巧夺天工的自动机械人。6000个零件组装的可编程写字小孩,200个活动人偶的城市模型。自动机械装置从发明伊始就开始给我们生活带来了革命性改变,从发条钟表到发条人偶,八音盒等凝注了设计者的精巧用心....
自然与希腊人 科学与人文主义 豆瓣
9.2 (5 个评分) 作者: [奥] 埃尔温·薛定谔 译者: 张卜天 商务印书馆 2015 - 2
本书是奥地利物理学家埃尔温·薛定谔两部作品《自然与希腊人》《科学与人文主义》的合集。两部作品主题密切相关,关注的都是实在的本性以及自古以来人类如何感知存在。讨论了一些与科学和科学家在社会中的角色有关的社会议题,更关心的是历史上的大思想家是如何处理这些议题的。《自然与希腊人》着重从理性与感官的竞争、毕达哥拉斯学派、克塞诺芬尼的宗教、原子论者等展开论述;《科学与人文主义》则从科学对生活的精神影响、我们“模型”的本性、连续体的复杂性等方面展开论述。本书对于物理学以及相关专业的研究者具有重要的参考意义。
生命是什么 豆瓣
作者: [奥] 埃尔温·薛定谔 译者: 张卜天 商务印书馆 2014
诺贝尔奖获得者埃尔温•薛定谔的《生命是什么》是20世纪的伟大科学经典之一。作者在书中致力于将生物学与量子力学协调起来,尽管写于1944年,但书中关于生命、分子生物学、心灵等主题的评论今天看来仍十分有趣,极具启发性。可以说,这本书的内容为分子生物学的诞生和DNA的发现作了概念上的准备,对于希望了解生命起源理论的读者来说,本书无疑是最好的选择之一。薛定谔以一种令人放松和愉悦的文笔引领读者探索生命这一令人望而生畏的主题,内容深刻而有趣,极具启发性。
2020年3月11日 想读 漫游者 说:
人大都知道薛定谔的猫,未必知道薛定谔的梵。老薛一辈子都着迷《奥义书》,认为万物都是梵的意识产生的,而梦是独立于时间和空间而存在的终极实体。#科学家的另一面#
哲学 生物学 科普 科学哲学 科学
强力与弱力 豆瓣
作者: [日] 大栗博司 译者: 逸宁 人民邮电出版社 2016 - 5
强力、弱力、电磁力、引力,源于宇宙之初的四种基本作用力构成并支配了我们世界。这四种力究竟如何形成并发挥作用? 万物存在的“质量”又源于何处?
本书以通俗易懂的语言解读了强力与弱力以及基本粒子的相互作用机制,用推理小说的线索追踪与解谜方式介绍了微观层面下的奇妙世界以及自然的基本结构,能够让你以全新的视角面对和反思宇宙、自然以及万物的存在。
The Order of Time 豆瓣
7.1 (7 个评分) 作者: Carlo Rovelli Allen Lane 2018 - 4
The bestselling author of Seven Brief Lessons on Physics takes us on an enchanting, consoling journey to discover the meaning of time
'We are time. We are this space, this clearing opened by the traces of memory inside the connections between our neurons. We are memory. We are nostalgia. We are longing for a future that will not come.'
Time is a mystery that does not cease to puzzle us. Philosophers, artists and poets have long explored its meaning while scientists have found that its structure is different from the simple intuition we have of it. From Boltzmann to quantum theory, from Einstein to loop quantum gravity, our understanding of time has been undergoing radical transformations. Time flows at a different speed in different places, the past and the future differ far less than we might think, and the very notion of the present evaporates in the vast universe.
With his extraordinary charm and sense of wonder, bringing together science, philosophy and art, Carlo Rovelli unravels this mystery. Enlightening and consoling, The Order of Time shows that to understand ourselves we need to reflect on time -- and to understand time we need to reflect on ourselves.
Advice to a Young Scientist 豆瓣 Goodreads
作者: P. B. Medawar Basic Books 1981 - 7
Advice to a young scientist by Peter Medawar (Basic Books). The titan of 20th century molecular medicine gives well-meaning and funny (in the British sense) advice on (from the chapter headings): How do I tell if I am cut out to be a scientific research worker? - What shall I do research on? - How can I equip myself to be a scientist or a better one? - Women in science - Aspects of scientific life and manners - Of younger and older scientists - Presentations - Experiment and discovery - Prizes and rewards - The scientific process. Some details of the 25-year old book feel out of date now but it still is an excellent companion up to your first faculty position. See the following quote: "A novice must stick it out until he discovers whether the rewards and compensations of the scientific life are for him comensurate with the disappointments and the toil; but if once a scientist experiences the exhilaration of discovery [...] then he is hooked, and no other kind of life will do."
科幻中的物理学 豆瓣
作者: 李淼 2019 - 9
★以十足烟火的语言讲授十分高冷的学问
熔科学、幻想、现实于一炉
◎内容简介
撷取12个最具科 幻 色彩的主题,横跨经典与现代物理学主要领域。作者以物理学的视角切入,解构经典科幻作品的科学设置,回应时下热门话题,游刃于科学、幻想、社会之间,引殿堂学问释普罗迷思,回归“格物致知”之学术本义。
◎编辑推荐
以科学含量论软硬,我的作品属硬科幻,而李淼老师的书,本本都是“金刚经”,尤其是这本《科幻中的物理学》,于科幻作者和读者两方面而言,都无疑是一支成色十足的“金刚钻”。——刘慈欣
科幻大师刘慈欣读罢此书,誉之为“科幻作者与读者的‘金刚钻’”,说的是,此书不仅以科学助力想象,教人如何构建一个合理的未来世界,更以科学勘破迷局,教人如何在纷繁复杂之中不惑于心。正如罗振宇所说,“我们不需要学物理学,但我们需要向物理学家学习他们是如何看待这个世界的。”通专门之学谓之“知”,以专门之学答人生诸问可称“智”。《科幻中的物理学》荟萃科学原理,涵养科学思维,传播科学智慧,绝非一般意义上的科普读物。物理学家李淼教授引殿堂学问,释普罗迷思,成就了面前这本小书,各种阅读姿势皆宜:浅尝可启发想象,常翻可澡雪精神,精研可涵养智慧。
In Search of Memory 豆瓣
作者: Eric R. Kandel W. W. Norton & Company 2007 - 3
From Publishers Weekly
When, as a medical student in the 1950s, Kandel said he wanted to locate the ego and id in the brain, his mentor told him he was overreaching, that the brain had to be studied "cell by cell." After his initial dismay, Kandel took on the challenge and in 2000 was awarded a Nobel Prize for his groundbreaking research showing how memory is encoded in the brain's neuronal circuits. Kandel's journey into the brain spans five decades, beginning in the era of early research into the role of electrical currents flowing through neurons and ending in the age of genetic engineering. It took him from early studies of reflexes in the lowly squid to the founding of a bioengineering firm whose work could some day develop treatments for Alzheimer's and on to a rudimentary understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying mental illness. Kandel's life also took him on another journey: from Vienna, which his Jewish family fled after the Anschluss, to New York City and, decades later, on visits back to Vienna, where he boldly confronted Austria's unwillingness to look at its collusion in the Final Solution. For anyone considering a career in science, the early part of this intellectual autobiography presents a fascinating portrait of a scientist's formation: learning to trust his instincts on what research to pursue and how to pose a researchable question and formulate an experiment. Much of the science discussion is too dense for the average reader. But for anyone interested in the relationship between the mind and the brain, this is an important account of a creative and highly fruitful career. 50 b&w illus. (Mar.)
Copyright © Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. --This text refers to the Hardcover edition.
From Scientific American
Kandel, who received the Nobel Prize in 2000, traces advances in understanding learning and memory. His own groundbreaking findings showed that learning produces changes in behavior by modifying the strength of connections between nerve cells. He conveys his immense grasp of the science beautifully, but it is his personal recollections that make the book especially compelling. He begins with his searing childhood memories of the German annexation of Austria and his family’s escape to the U.S. when he was nine. And he ends with a conference he organized in Vienna to examine the strange reluctance of Austria (unlike Germany) to acknowledge its role in the Holocaust. One comes away in awe of the scientific advances—and of a life well and fully lived.
Editors of Scientific American --This text refers to the Hardcover edition.
万物与虚无 (2011) 豆瓣
Everything and Nothing
9.3 (52 个评分) 导演: Nic Stacey 演员: 吉姆·艾尔-哈利利
其它标题: Everything and Nothing
Two-part documentary which deals with two of the deepest questions there are - what is everything, and what is nothing?
In two epic, surreal and mind-expanding films, Professor Jim Al-Khalili searches for an answer to these questions as he explores the true size and shape of the universe and delves into the amazing science behind apparent nothingness.
The first part, Everything, sees Professor Al-Khalili set out to discover what the universe might actually look like. The journey takes him from the distant past to the boundaries of the known universe. Along the way he charts the remarkable stories of the men and women who discovered the truth about the cosmos and investigates how our understanding of space has been shaped by both mathematics and astronomy.
The second part, Nothing, explores science at the very limits of human perception, where we now understand the deepest mysteries of the universe lie. Jim sets out to answer one very simple question - what is nothing? His journey ends with perhaps the most profound insight about reality that humanity has ever made. Everything came from nothing. The quantum world of the super-small shaped the vast universe we inhabit today, and Jim can prove it.
人类的终极问题 豆瓣
8.2 (5 个评分) 作者: 袁越 生活·读书·新知三联书店 2019 - 10
人类来自哪里?我们为什么会变老?创造力究竟是怎么来的?这三个问题是人类的终极问题,因为只有了解了人类的过去,才能看清我们的未来;只有了解了死亡的本质,才能弄清生命的意义;只有了解了创造力的来源,才能明白人类为何变成今天的样子。本书作者借助专业的科学背景、大量的阅读梳理、实地的采访调查,把目前已知的这三个问题的最佳答案和推理过程呈现出来,并借此传达这样的理念:今天世界上的所有人几万年前都是一家人,我们是同一群非洲居民的后代,共享同一个地球生态系统。这个生态系统中的每一位成员的利益也都是相互联系在一起的。进化绝不只是你死我活的生存竞争,互助才是进化的主旋律。而创造力,正是从这种万物相连的信息共享机制中诞生的。
量子怪杰 豆瓣
The Strangest Man: The Hidden Life of Paul Dirac, Quantum Genius
作者: 格雷姆·法米罗 译者: 兰梅 重庆大学出版社 2015 - 5
与牛顿、爱因斯坦比肩的诺贝尔物理学奖得主、量子物理创始人之一保罗•狄拉克权威传记。最早提出反物质概念, 是霍金眼里自牛顿以来英国最伟大的理论物理学家。
保罗•狄拉克OM,FRS(Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac,1902年8月8日-1984年10月20日),英国理论物理学家,量子力学的奠基者之一,并对量子电动力学早期的发展作出重要贡献。曾经主持剑桥大学的卢卡斯数学教授席位,并在佛罗里达州立大学度过他人生的最后十四个年头。
保罗•狄拉克给出的狄拉克方程可以描述费米子的物理行为,并且预测了反物质的存在。
1933年,因为“发现了在原子理论里很有用的新形式”(即量子力学的基本方程——薛定谔方程和狄拉克方程),狄拉克和埃尔温•薛定谔共同获得了诺贝尔物理学奖。
保罗•狄拉克是20世纪物理学界最具天赋且最有影响力的理论物理学家之一,年仅23岁跻身量子力学的奠基者之一,对人类的贡献堪比牛顿、麦克斯韦、爱因斯坦。以他名字命名的狄拉克方程可以描述费米子的物理行为,并且预测了反物质(反物质和物质是相对立的,会如同粒子与反粒子结合一般,导致两者湮灭并释放出高能光子或伽玛射线)的存在,首次将爱因斯坦的狭义相对论与量子理论完美结合起来。霍金赞其是继牛顿之后英国最伟大的理论物理学家。
《量子怪杰:保罗•狄拉克》不仅记录了狄拉克的求学与科研经历,也追述了他与众多世界顶级学者的往来,堪称一部20世纪量子科学发展简史,也贯穿着不同历史事件与科学研究的相互作用以及科学家们的旷世情怀。同时,《量子怪杰:保罗•狄拉克》也着重展现了狄拉克鲜为人知的心路细节:他具有严重的自闭型人格特征,哥哥自杀、父亲古怪、母亲纠结;他似一个降落凡间的外星人,在物理学和数学的世界里踽踽独行。通过对他大脑的仔细品读, 读者可以窥探整个量子世界的科学革命演变,追溯反物质的预测与证实过程,厘清弦论、超弦论的堂奥,并可能打通整个量子理论的来龙去脉。
维度:数学漫步 (2008) 豆瓣
Dimensions: A Walk Through Mathematics
9.4 (42 个评分) 导演: Jos Leys / Étienne Ghys
《维度:数学漫步(Dimensions: a walk through mathematics)》是两小时长的CG科普电影,讲述了许多深奥的数学知识,如4维空间中的正多胞体、复数、分形(fractals)、纤维化理论(fibrations)等等。
The Future of the Brain: Essays by the World's Leading Neuroscientists Goodreads 豆瓣
作者: Gary F. Marcus / Jeremy Freeman Princeton University Press 2014 - 11 其它标题: The Future of the Brain
Including a chapter by 2014 Nobel laureates May-Britt Moser and Edvard Moser An unprecedented look at the quest to unravel the mysteries of the human brain, The Future of the Brain takes readers to the absolute frontiers of science. Original essays by leading researchers such as Christof Koch, George Church, Olaf Sporns, and May-Britt and Edvard Moser describe the spectacular technological advances that will enable us to map the more than eighty-five billion neurons in the brain, as well as the challenges that lie ahead in understanding the anticipated deluge of data and the prospects for building working simulations of the human brain. A must-read for anyone trying to understand ambitious new research programs such as the Obama administration's BRAIN Initiative and the European Union's Human Brain Project, The Future of the Brain sheds light on the breathtaking implications of brain science for medicine, psychiatry, and even human consciousness itself. Contributors Misha Ahrens, Ned Block, Matteo Carandini, George Church, John Donoghue, Chris Eliasmith, Simon Fisher, Mike Hawrylycz, Sean Hill, Christof Koch, Leah Krubitzer, Michel Maharbiz, Kevin Mitchell, Edvard Moser, May-Britt Moser, David Poeppel, Krishna Shenoy, Olaf Sporns, Anthony Zador.