英文
Jungle of Stone: The True Story of Two Men, Their Extraordinary Journey, and the Discovery of the Lost Civilization of the Maya 豆瓣
作者: William Carlsen William Morrow 2016 - 4
In 1839, rumors of extraordinary yet baffling stone ruins buried within the unmapped jungles of Central America reached two of the world’s most intrepid travelers. Seized by the reports, American diplomat John Lloyd Stephens and British artist Frederick Catherwood—both already celebrated for their adventures in Egypt, the Holy Land, Greece, and Rome—sailed together out of New York Harbor on an expedition into the forbidding rainforests of present-day Honduras, Guatemala, and Mexico. What they found would upend the West’s understanding of human history.
In the tradition of Lost City of Z and In the Kingdom of Ice, former San Francisco Chronicle journalist and Pulitzer Prize finalist William Carlsen reveals the remarkable story of the discovery of the ancient Maya. Enduring disease, war, and the torments of nature and terrain, Stephens and Catherwood meticulously uncovered and documented the remains of an astonishing civilization that had flourished in the Americas at the same time as classic Greece and Rome—and had been its rival in art, architecture, and power. Their masterful book about the experience, written by Stephens and illustrated by Catherwood, became a sensation, hailed by Edgar Allan Poe as “perhaps the most interesting book of travel ever published” and recognized today as the birth of American archaeology. Most important, Stephens and Catherwood were the first to grasp the significance of the Maya remains, understanding that their antiquity and sophistication overturned the West’s assumptions about the development of civilization.
By the time of the flowering of classical Greece (400 b.c.), the Maya were already constructing pyramids and temples around central plazas. Within a few hundred years the structures took on a monumental scale that required millions of man-hours of labor, and technical and organizational expertise. Over the next millennium, dozens of city-states evolved, each governed by powerful lords, some with populations larger than any city in Europe at the time, and connected by road-like causeways of crushed stone. The Maya developed a cohesive, unified cosmology, an array of common gods, a creation story, and a shared artistic and architectural vision. They created stucco and stone monuments and bas reliefs, sculpting figures and hieroglyphs with refined artistic skill. At their peak, an estimated ten million people occupied the Maya’s heartland on the Yucatan Peninsula, a region where only half a million now live. And yet by the time the Spanish reached the “New World,” the Maya had all but disappeared; they would remain a mystery for the next three hundred years.
Today, the tables are turned: the Maya are justly famous, if sometimes misunderstood, while Stephens and Catherwood have been nearly forgotten. Based on Carlsen’s rigorous research and his own 2,500-mile journey throughout the Yucatan and Central America, Jungle of Stone is equally a thrilling adventure narrative and a revelatory work of history that corrects our understanding of Stephens, Catherwood, and the Maya themselves.
Carbon Democracy 豆瓣
作者: Timothy Mitchell Verso 2011 - 11
Oil is a curse, it is often said, that condemns the countries producing it to an existence defined by war, corruption and enormous inequality. Carbon Democracy tells a more complex story, arguing that no nation escapes the political consequences of our collective dependence on oil. It shapes the body politic both in regions such as the Middle East, which rely upon revenues from oil production, and in the places that have the greatest demand for energy.
Timothy Mitchell begins with the history of coal power to tell a radical new story about the rise of democracy. Coal was a source of energy so open to disruption that oligarchies in the West became vulnerable for the first time to mass demands for democracy. In the mid-twentieth century, however, the development of cheap and abundant energy from oil, most notably from the Middle East, offered a means to reduce this vulnerability to democratic pressures. The abundance of oil made it possible for the first time in history to reorganize political life around the management of something now called "the economy" and the promise of its infinite growth. The politics of the West became dependent on an undemocratic Middle East.
In the twenty-first century, the oil-based forms of modern democratic politics have become unsustainable. Foreign intervention and military rule are faltering in the Middle East, while governments everywhere appear incapable of addressing the crises that threaten to end the age of carbon democracy—the disappearance of cheap energy and the carbon-fuelled collapse of the ecological order.
In making the production of energy the central force shaping the democratic age, Carbon Democracy rethinks the history of energy, the politics of nature, the theory of democracy, and the place of the Middle East in our common world.
2018年6月8日 已读
颠覆了我的很多成见,比方美国外交,中东,甚至“经济”作为一门学科。start to think the movie Matrix is probably more non-fiction than fiction... :-O //刚开始看,有意思。。。
中东 历史 政治 英文
Peter the Great 豆瓣
作者: Robert K. Massie Random House Trade Paperbacks 1981 - 10
"Enthralling . . . As fascinating as any novel and more so than most." The New York Times Book Review
The Pulitzer Prize-Winning Bestseller by the author of DREADNOUGHT.
Against the monumental canvas of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Europe and Russia unfolds the magnificent story of Peter the Great, one of the most extraordinary rulers in history. Impetuous and stubborn, generous and cruel, tender and unforgiving, a man of enormous energy and complexity, Peter the Great is brought fully to life in this exceptional biography.
2018年6月8日 已读
found this on the massive bookshelf in the ski cabin we rent in Aspen during Jan. 1998. couldn't finish it during the one week stay, bought a copy afterwards and finished it. a really fascinating read.
历史 英文
Moorish Spain 豆瓣
作者: Richard Fletcher University of California Press 2006 - 5
Beginning in the year 711 and continuing for nearly a thousand years, the Islamic presence survived in Spain, at times flourishing, and at other times dwindling into warring fiefdoms. But the culture and science thereby brought to Spain, including long-buried knowledge from Greece, largely forgotten during Europe's Dark Ages, was to have an enduring impact on the country as it emerged into the modern era. In this gracefully written history, Richard Fletcher reveals the Moorish culture in all its fascinating disparity and gives us history at its best: here is vivid storytelling by a renowned scholar.
2018年7月10日 已读
看完了。很喜欢。简明扼要覆盖了历史经济文化,伊斯兰各种分支的争斗,和基督教小国间的关系。不是很同意作者最后的判词。虽然同意他说西方文化历来太美化摩尔人,但是感觉他强调的摩尔人统治时期的问题并不比别的帝国更糟,而他们创建的文化和他们对异族的宽容确实是非常独特的。//很有趣。看到一半,Party Kings那一章,里面提到有文艺范儿的摩尔人King跟手下玩的游戏好耳熟,一个是"联句“(Improvising second lines)一个是”曲水流觞“。鉴于发生时代是十世纪,我猜是跟咱们学哒!
2018年7月21日 评论 摩尔人的伊比利亚 - 我一直很懵的一些概念,这次好像搞明白一点了。 阿拉伯/大食 - 起源于叙利亚沙漠,七世纪伊斯兰教出现后成为信徒,定都繁荣于大马士革的族群。八世纪初宫廷政变后迁都巴格达。属于逊尼派(Sunni)。中国古文记载中的大食。 白衣大食 - 倭马亚王朝 Umayyad Caliphate 黑衣大食 - 阿拔斯王朝 Abbasid Caliphat 波斯 - 今天的伊朗,非常古老的帝国。阿拉伯人崛起后,跟波斯战事不断。665年波斯帝国被阿拉伯征服,但是也经常暴乱反抗。16世纪初再次独立成波斯帝国(Safavids)。被阿拉伯人征服后信奉伊斯兰,16世纪转成什叶派(Shia)伊斯兰。 柏柏尔人 - 摩洛哥原住民,今天依然占摩洛哥人口主流。游牧民族,彪勇善战,公认的最好的战士。阿拉伯人的带领和诱导下慢慢信奉了伊斯兰教。但是因为看不上伊比利亚半岛阿拉伯人建立的伊斯兰王国的腐败,自己又演绎出了好几拨原教旨主义者(Fatimids十一世纪初,Almoravids十一世纪末,Almohads十二世纪中)都是追随什叶派,也是什叶派里壮大起来的最早的一支。 摩尔人 - 最模糊混淆的一个名词。最开始代表阿拉伯人为首,柏柏尔人为兵但是人口组成更重的安达卢西亚王国的人。后来演变成代表一切西班牙的信奉伊斯兰教的人。曾经一度被用于黑皮肤的北非伊斯兰教人。但是现在基本定义为不限种族肤色的地中海西岸(北非和伊比利亚)的伊斯兰。 西罗马帝国410年陷落后,德国血统的西哥特人(Visigoth)占领了整个西班牙半岛,包括今天的葡萄牙。首都设在托雷多(Toledo). 在七世纪时,以大马士革为中心的阿拉伯人陆续占领了北非,八世纪初711年阿拉伯人带领了如今摩洛哥地带的柏柏尔人跨过海峡,登陆了直布罗陀。带领这支部队的阿拉伯将军名字叫Tariq, 他命名了自己登陆的地方“Jebel Tariq” (The Rock of Tariq),后来演变成了Gibraltar (直布罗陀)。他们开始骚扰西哥特人的城镇。712年他们和西哥特人的国王打了一战(在Jerez和Algeciras 之间某处,详细地名没有记载),居然赢了,于是长驱直入北上打下来托雷多。之后只花了不到四年时间占领了全部西哥特人的地盘,从西班牙半岛一直到南法國的普罗旺斯. 但是信奉伊斯兰教的阿拉伯人不喜欢西班牙半岛北边比利牛斯山一直到南法國的树林地带,尤其不喜欢生活在树林里大群野猪。来自北非的柏柏尔人更喜欢开阔富饶的南部。这里和海峡南边的摩洛哥地理气候非常相似。后来北边比利牛斯山区又聚集起了基督教团体,打打杀杀,于是他们定都科尔多巴。慢慢放弃了北面的领土。 到底为什么阿拉伯人和柏柏尔人依靠很少的军队就打败了西哥特人呢(听上去简直有点像西班牙人带着小队人马就灭了印加帝国一样)?这个历史纪录不是很详尽。大概猜测有两个,一是西哥特人内部当时有内战,所以已经自我削弱了力量。还有一个是当时西哥特人效仿拜占庭的模式对境内的犹太人非常苛刻,曾经一度禁止他们跟外国经商。但是在阿拉伯统治下的叙利亚北非的犹太人受到很好很宽容的待遇,所以历史学家怀疑西哥特人国内的犹太人在这场争斗中起了搭桥引线的作用,帮助阿拉伯人推翻了西哥特人。 756年,阿拉伯王国发生宫廷政变。本来掌权的Umayyad家族几乎全族被诛杀。唯一逃出来的王子Abd al-Rahman才二十岁,他一路逃到了西班牙半岛,在科尔多巴住下,开始建立自己的王朝。而在他的老家,阿拉伯的新政权把首都从大马士革搬到了巴格达。 八世纪的西班牙半岛在阿拉伯人进入后并不消停。先是740年柏柏尔人因为不满被阿拉伯人当作二等公民暴动,整个西班牙半岛al-Andalus 分成好多个阿拉伯人的小“军阀”,比利牛斯山区的基督教徒自立的小团体慢慢趁着半岛混乱强大起来变成一个个小王国。大马士革逃亡来的Umayyad王子接下来的三十多年都是在半岛四处征战,慢慢安抚了北面Zaragoza中部的托雷多南面塞维利亚。大概到780年才安定下来搞建设,科尔多巴的mezquita大清真寺就是在他执政的晚年,半岛终于安定的时候建的(784-786)。接下来的继承人把科尔多巴建成当时欧洲最繁华富足的城市,可以跟巴格达比肩。Mezquita大清真寺也不断被扩大。 伊斯兰法从一开始就对犹太人和基督教很宽容,允许共存,不要求他们一定转信伊斯兰。但是非伊斯兰教徒要交很重的税,而伊斯兰教徒完全免税。所以慢慢的转信伊斯兰教的人越来越多。这也是为什么Mezquita大清真寺不断被扩大的原因。科尔多巴的信徒成倍增加。 十世纪是阿拉伯人统治下的安达卢西亚的顶峰。Abd al-Rahman 三世统治五十年,简直就是安达卢西亚版的唐玄宗。他自封为Caliph 哈里发。科尔多巴人口达到十万。是当时世界上最繁华发达的城市之一,当时欧洲最大的城市也是贸易政治文化哲学艺术中心。936年,拜占庭给Abd al-Rahman 三世送来一份礼物,古希腊药用植物学家Dioscorides的著作。正式挑起摩尔学者对古希腊的兴趣,但是当时安达卢西亚没有懂希腊文的学者,于是哈里发立刻向拜占庭请求提供希腊文/阿拉伯文的翻译人才。此后科尔多巴成为大批翻译古希腊著作的中心。十二,十三世纪这些阿拉伯译本被翻译回到拉丁文,中世纪处于知识沙漠的欧洲学者们开始如饥似渴重新学习,文艺复兴开始了。靠这种方式被重新发现的亚里士多德的作品改变了整个欧洲的命运。航海用具比如星盘辅佐了欧洲舰队发现美洲新大陆,牛顿的物理成就如果没有伊斯兰阿拉伯传递过去的数学理论是不可能的。十七世纪的医学发展也是站在阿拉伯人的医学成就这个巨人肩膀上。 拜占庭给Abd al-Rahman 三世送来一份礼物,科尔多巴皇宫(后来被毁掉)画家是十九世纪的 Dionisio Baixeras 在十世纪的安达卢西亚本地,阿拉伯人带来了新的农作物,米,硬麦,高粱,甘蔗,棉花,橘子,柠檬,青檬,香蕉,石榴,西瓜,菠菜,朝鲜蓟和茄子。硬麦(用来做意面)更适于在干旱地区生长,而且因为比软麦(用来做面包)含水分少,更便于长期储存和运输。减少了荒年的威胁。与农作物一起输入安达卢西亚的还有阿拉伯人在罗马水利工程基础上完善的更复杂的灌溉系统,更方便传播到各个角落。最有名的就是利用水车把水抬高再分配。据说瓦伦西亚地区就是这么被从荒原变成富饶农田的。国富民安,人口增长,城市化也加快了。各种手工业开始发展运作:矿业,金属加工,制陶,玻璃,木器,皮革加工,丝棉制品,造纸,制书,象牙雕刻等等。安达卢西亚比较出名的出口产品包括马拉加的无花果,托雷多和科尔多巴之间的水银矿产出口到整个伊斯兰领土,丝绒和毛毡,棉布(出口给埃及),还有各种各样的丝绸(因为安达卢西亚的印染技术非常高超)。 但是盛世总是不长久,接下来发生的故事几乎是咱们魏晋南北朝的翻版。前面说到十世纪初,摩尔人的“唐玄宗”Abd al-Rahman 三世自封阿里发(Caliph,意思是穆罕穆德继承人). 其实到他这代,安达卢西亚的伊斯兰王国已经跟巴格达对峙了两百年,这时候正式封自己这个称号,不是为了和巴格达抗争(因为到这时候这两个伊斯兰王国隔海而立已是既成事实)。而是为了对抗在北非沙漠中开始出现的一支新的伊斯兰原教旨主义者(Fatimids, 什叶派;巴格达/大马士革/科尔多巴都是逊尼派)。也是在这时候,摩尔人开始在沿海建工事防范南面的敌人,Tarifa塔里法就是这个时候开始驻防的。 十一世纪初,Abd al-Rahman 三世去世后,科尔多巴的皇宫里开始上演重臣夺权的各种戏码,皇位上的人走马灯一般换了又换,最短的一届皇帝只在皇位上坐了四十几天。这其中一个皇帝很不明智的为了打败敌人请来北非Fatimids的军队助阵,结果鸠占雀巢,Fatimids军队就跟鬼子进村一样开始四处烧杀抢掳。安达卢西亚进入了藩镇割据的乱世。这一阶段安达卢西亚“战国”时期被历史学家命名为taifas (Party Kings). 科尔多巴的皇帝图书馆被卖的卖烧的烧,Abd al-Rahman 三世建的美丽皇城沦为废墟。只留存于阿拉伯的诗歌里了。像不像大明宫? 在这个藩镇割据阶段,各个藩镇主人不仅仅都是阿拉伯人,不少的柏柏尔人将军也占山为王。格拉纳达就是在这个时候被一个柏柏尔人将军Zawi建起来的。甚至也有从奴隶到将军再到藩王的例子(瓦伦西亚地区的Denia). 而这些藩镇主人开始与虎谋皮,跟不同的北部基督教小国合作,雇佣他们当自己的军队。大量的金银流进了北方基督教国家,本来式微的小国们一个个被安达卢西亚的财富给喂肥壮大起来。与中国南朝那些分裂小国一样,有一些小国国君在战争缝隙之间依然继承发扬了安达卢西亚的文化艺术传统。比方塞维亚的国君跟爱臣最爱的一些文学游戏简直就是抄袭咱们的魏晋之风。从连句到曲水流觞。看时间线应该是跟咱们老祖宗学哒!下面这些描述让我想起萧梁王朝。 The poets who were attracted to Seville by the patronage of the Abbadid dynasty caught the prevailing tone. Ibn Hamdis is a good example. A native of Sicily born in 1055, he fled from his native Syracuse when it was conquered by the Normans and made his way via Tunis to Seville. Al-Mu’tamid put him to the test of improvising second lines, to follow his own firsts, in the description of a glass-worker’s furnace which they could see winking at them in the night from the window where they stood. Al-Mu’tamid: ‘Look at the fire glowing in the darkness,’ Ibn Hamdis: ‘Like the lion’s glances in the darkness of night!’ Al-Mu’tamid: ‘See him open both his eyes, then close them,’ Ibn Hamdis: ‘Like a man whose eyelids suffer from trachoma.’ Al-Mu’tamid: ‘Fate deprived him of the light of one of them;’ Ibn Hamdis: ‘Has a mortal being ever escaped his fate?’ This performance was so pleasing to the ruler that he took Ibn Hamdis into his service on an annual salary. Here is one of his characteristic poems, celebrating a party at which the drinks were floated along a stream to the drinkers who sat on its banks: I remember a certain brook that offered the impiety of drunkenness to the topers sitting along its course, with its cups of golden wine, Each silver cup in it filled as though it contained the soul of the sun in the body of the full moon. Whenever a glass reached anyone in our company of topers, he would grasp it gingerly with his ten fingers. Then he drinks out of it a grape-induced intoxication which lulls his very senses without his realising it. He sends the glass back in the water, thus returning it to the hands of a cupbearer at whose will it had floated to him. Because of the wine-bibbing we imagined our song to be melodies which the birds sang without verse, While our cupbearer was the water which brought us wine without a hand, and our drink was a fire that shone without embers, And which offered us delights of all kinds, while the only reward [of the cupbearer] was that we offered him to the ocean to drink. It is as if we were cities along the riverbank while the wine-laden ships sailed the water between us, For life is excusable only when we walk along the shores of pleasure and abandon all restraint! 藩镇割据的局面虽然有过短暂的和平。但是该来的还是要来。1055年北方的基督国Leon-Castile皇帝Fernando 一世占领了葡萄牙,驱逐了所有摩尔人,1085年Fernando一世的儿子Alfonso六世收复了托雷多。安达卢西亚的藩王们傻了眼,讨论再三决定去请摩洛哥的Fatimides最新取代者Almoravids来帮忙打北方入侵基督徒。虽然有着Fatimides鸠占雀巢的前车之鉴,但是这些伊斯兰教藩王在“去摩洛哥赶骆驼,还是为基督徒养猪”之间,果断的选择了前者。结果是Almoravids一举占领了整个安达卢西亚取代了藩王们。藩王们被流放摩洛哥。如愿以偿赶骆驼去了。 跟之前的阿拉伯人的统治不同,这些原教旨主义者对异教徒采取了零容忍态度,或者转信伊斯兰或者被驱逐。安达卢西亚宽容的多民族文化到此终结。文化范儿的皇帝和文人也到此终结。更致命的是本来各个藩王和北方基督教国家签的雇佣合同被终结,断了北方各个基督教小国的财路。 但是就像南北朝时,北方善战的军队一旦度过长江就被六朝金粉腐化迷惑丧失战斗力一样,安达卢西亚对北非来的占领者有着同样的“软化”作用。十二世纪中期开始,被安达卢西亚的奢靡生活软化的Almoravids 被另一支来自摩洛哥的原教旨主义者Almohads给取代了。与此同时北方的基督教国家Leon-Castile, Aragon-Catalonia, Portugal 被养得肥肥的日益强大。安达卢西亚的基督徒被压迫得要造反,原教旨主义者又关闭了基督教国家的财源。天时地利人和。十三世纪开始,基督教国家开始了著名的“收复失地”战争。1236年收复科尔多巴,1238年瓦伦西亚,1248年塞维利亚。 格拉纳达成了残存的摩尔人的最后城府。而且竟然残喘了两个多世纪。格拉纳达之所以这么一枝独秀要归功于城市本身的易守难攻地形,高明的外交手腕和与Castile王国签的不平等条约(每年进贡国库收入的二分之一)。当时基督教各国之间分分合合,Castile王国内部也有各种矛盾,摩洛哥在Almohads之后新兴的Merinids也很强大。格拉纳达就在这些各种各样的亦敌亦友间玩外交战。玩了两百多年后,1453年地中海东岸的奥特曼帝国攻陷了康斯坦丁堡,基督教的圣战徒们反异教徒的呼声达到新高,摩洛哥的Merinids衰落无法出战,连埃及的伊斯兰王国也自顾不暇。格拉纳达孤立无援,他们的出口商品也慢慢被别的安达卢西亚城市蚕食,航运被意大利热那亚人控制,价格被越压越低,经济开始崩溃,国民的税越来越重苦不堪言。1492年一月一日,格林纳达签署了投降协议,开放城门迎进了基督军,摩尔人的皇族被流放到摩洛哥。 摩尔人的西班牙正式谢幕。
伊斯兰 历史 摩尔人 英文 英文版
Empires of the Sea 豆瓣
作者: Roger Crowley Random House 2008 - 7
In 1521, Suleiman the Magnificent, Muslim ruler of the Ottoman Empire at the height of its power, dispatched an invasion fleet to the Christian island of Rhodes. This would prove to be the opening shot in an epic struggle between rival empires and faiths for control of the Mediterranean and the center of the world.
In Empires of the Sea , acclaimed historian Roger Crowley has written his most mesmerizing work to date–a thrilling account of this brutal decades-long battle between Christendom and Islam for the soul of Europe, a fast-paced tale of spiraling intensity that ranges from Istanbul to the Gates of Gibraltar and features a cast of extraordinary characters: Barbarossa, “The King of Evil,” the pirate who terrified Europe; the risk-taking Emperor Charles V; the Knights of St. John, the last crusading order after the passing of the Templars; the messianic Pope Pius V; and the brilliant Christian admiral Don Juan of Austria.
This struggle’s brutal climax came between 1565 and 1571, seven years that witnessed a fight to the finish decided in a series of bloody set pieces: the epic siege of Malta, in which a tiny band of Christian defenders defied the might of the Ottoman army; the savage battle for Cyprus; and the apocalyptic last-ditch defense of southern Europe at Lepanto–one of the single most shocking days in world history. At the close of this cataclysmic naval encounter, the carnage was so great that the victors could barely sail away “because of the countless corpses floating in the sea.” Lepanto fixed the frontiers of the Mediterranean world that we know today.
Roger Crowley conjures up a wild cast of pirates, crusaders, and religious warriors struggling for supremacy and survival in a tale of slavery and galley warfare, desperate bravery and utter brutality, technology and Inca gold. Empires of the Sea is page-turning narrative history at its best–a story of extraordinary color and incident, rich in detail, full of surprises, and backed by a wealth of eyewitness accounts. It provides a crucial context for our own clash of civilizations.
2018年7月27日 已读
“THE TREATY OF 1580 RECOGNIZED a stalemate between two empires and two worlds. From this moment, the diagonal frontier that ran the length of the Mediterranean between Istanbul and the Gates of Gibraltar hardened. ”
历史 欧洲 穆斯林 英文
1177 B.C.: The Year Civilization Collapsed 豆瓣 Goodreads
1177 B.C.: The Year Civilization Collapsed
作者: Eric H. Cline Princeton University Press 2014 - 3
In 1177 B.C., marauding groups known only as the “Sea Peoples” invaded Egypt. The pharaoh’s army and navy managed to defeat them, but the victory so weakened Egypt that it soon slid into decline, as did most of the surrounding civilizations. After centuries of brilliance, the civilized world of the Bronze Age came to an abrupt and cataclysmic end. Kingdoms fell like dominoes over the course of just a few decades. No more Minoans or Mycenaeans. No more Trojans, Hittites, or Babylonians. The thriving economy and cultures of the late second millennium B.C., which had stretched from Greece to Egypt and Mesopotamia, suddenly ceased to exist, along with writing systems, technology, and monumental architecture. But the Sea Peoples alone could not have caused such widespread breakdown. How did it happen?
In this major new account of the causes of this “First Dark Ages,” Eric Cline tells the gripping story of how the end was brought about by multiple interconnected failures, ranging from invasion and revolt to earthquakes, drought, and the cutting of international trade routes. Bringing to life the vibrant multicultural world of these great civilizations, he draws a sweeping panorama of the empires and globalized peoples of the Late Bronze Age and shows that it was their very interdependence that hastened their dramatic collapse and ushered in a dark age that lasted centuries.
A compelling combination of narrative and the latest scholarship, 1177 B.C. sheds new light on the complex ties that gave rise to, and ultimately destroyed, the flourishing civilizations of the Late Bronze Age—and that set the stage for the emergence of classical Greece.
2019年8月1日 已读
很不错。推理严谨,干货满满。虽然没有定论但是明白了各种可能。最好的是把自己所知的人类文明退远到公元两千年前!太刺激了!
历史 古代史 英文
Byzantium 豆瓣
作者: Judith Herrin Princeton University Press 2009 - 9
Byzantium. The name evokes grandeur and exoticism--gold, cunning, and complexity. In this unique book, Judith Herrin unveils the riches of a quite different civilization. Avoiding a standard chronological account of the Byzantine Empire's millennium--long history, she identifies the fundamental questions about Byzantium--what it was, and what special significance it holds for us today.
Bringing the latest scholarship to a general audience in accessible prose, Herrin focuses each short chapter around a representative theme, event, monument, or historical figure, and examines it within the full sweep of Byzantine history--from the foundation of Constantinople, the magnificent capital city built by Constantine the Great, to its capture by the Ottoman Turks.
She argues that Byzantium's crucial role as the eastern defender of Christendom against Muslim expansion during the early Middle Ages made Europe--and the modern Western world--possible. Herrin captivates us with her discussions of all facets of Byzantine culture and society. She walks us through the complex ceremonies of the imperial court. She describes the transcendent beauty and power of the church of Hagia Sophia, as well as chariot races, monastic spirituality, diplomacy, and literature. She reveals the fascinating worlds of military usurpers and ascetics, eunuchs and courtesans, and artisans who fashioned the silks, icons, ivories, and mosaics so readily associated with Byzantine art.
An innovative history written by one of our foremost scholars, Byzantium reveals this great civilization's rise to military and cultural supremacy, its spectacular destruction by the Fourth Crusade, and its revival and final conquest in 1453.
2018年10月1日 已读
没看完//刚开始看,很有意思。各种有趣的新鲜事,比方鱼子酱来自拜占庭,阿拉伯穆斯林王国多次与拜占庭合作建清真寺之类。。。
medieval 历史 弃读 英文
Ibn Khaldun 豆瓣
作者: Robert Irwin Princeton University Press 2018 - 1
The definitive account of the life and thought of the medieval Arab genius who wrote the Muqaddima
Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406) is generally regarded as the greatest intellectual ever to have appeared in the Arab world--a genius who ranks as one of the world's great minds. Yet the author of the Muqaddima, the most important study of history ever produced in the Islamic world, is not as well known as he should be, and his ideas are widely misunderstood. In this groundbreaking intellectual biography, Robert Irwin provides an engaging and authoritative account of Ibn Khaldun's extraordinary life, times, writings, and ideas.
Irwin tells how Ibn Khaldun, who lived in a world decimated by the Black Death, held a long series of posts in the tumultuous Islamic courts of North Africa and Muslim Spain, becoming a major political player as well as a teacher and writer. Closely examining the Muqaddima, a startlingly original analysis of the laws of history, and drawing on many other contemporary sources, Irwin shows how Ibn Khaldun's life and thought fit into historical and intellectual context, including medieval Islamic theology, philosophy, politics, literature, economics, law, and tribal life. Because Ibn Khaldun's ideas often seem to anticipate by centuries developments in many fields, he has often been depicted as more of a modern man than a medieval one, and Irwin's account of such misreadings provides new insights about the history of Orientalism.
In contrast, Irwin presents an Ibn Khaldun who was a creature of his time—a devout Sufi mystic who was obsessed with the occult and futurology and who lived in an often-strange world quite different from our own.
2018年8月1日 已读
终于翻完了!看完之后对Ibn Khaldun的著作一点兴趣都没有。但是看到他这种千人千面的特性还是很佩服的。简直就是大力丸,包治百病。:) //看到43页,第三章。感觉在读阿拉伯版的魏晋南北朝史。。。
伊斯兰 传记 历史 英文
Warlight 豆瓣
作者: Michael Ondaatje Knopf Publishing Group 2018 - 5
From the internationally acclaimed, best-selling author of The English Patient: a mesmerizing new novel that tells a dramatic story set in the decade after World War II through the lives of a small group of unexpected characters and two teenagers whose lives are indelibly shaped by their unwitting involvement.
In a narrative as beguiling and mysterious as memory itself--shadowed and luminous at once--we read the story of fourteen-year-old Nathaniel, and his older sister, Rachel. In 1945, just after World War II, they stay behind in London when their parents move to Singapore, leaving them in the care of a mysterious figure named The Moth. They suspect he might be a criminal, and they grow both more convinced and less concerned as they come to know his eccentric crew of friends: men and women joined by a shared history of unspecified service during the war, all of whom seem, in some way, determined now to protect, and educate (in rather unusual ways) Rachel and Nathaniel. But are they really what and who they claim to be? And what does it mean when the siblings' mother returns after months of silence without their father, explaining nothing, excusing nothing? A dozen years later, Nathaniel begins to uncover all that he didn't know and understand in that time, and it is this journey--through facts, recollection, and imagination--that he narrates in this masterwork from one of the great writers of our time.
2018年10月8日 已读
一口气看完了。喜欢!保留了英国病人的诗一样的语言和精美的记忆片段拼接图一样的讲述方法,但是故事比英国病人要紧凑易读。fascinating to see his characters in the city...
ondaatje 小说 英文
The Story of a New Name 豆瓣
Storia del nuovo cognome
9.2 (26 个评分) 作者: Elena Ferrante 译者: Ann Goldstein Europa Editions 2013 - 9
The second book, following 2012’s acclaimed My Brilliant Friend, featuring the two friends Lila and Elena. The two protagonists are now in their twenties. Marriage appears to have imprisoned Lila. Meanwhile, Elena continues her journey of self-discovery. The two young women share a complex and evolving bond that brings them close at times, and drives them apart at others. Each vacillates between hurtful disregard and profound love for the other. With this complicated and meticulously portrayed friendship at the center of their emotional lives, the two girls mature into women, paying the sometimes cruel price that this passage exacts.
Those Who Leave and Those Who Stay 豆瓣
9.2 (19 个评分) 作者: Elena Ferrante 译者: Ann Goldstein Europa Editions 2014 - 9
Soon to be an HBO series, book three in the New York Times bestselling Neapolitan quartet about two friends in post-war Italy is a rich, intense, and generous-hearted epic by one of today's most beloved and acclaimed writers, Elena Ferrante, “one of the great novelists of our time.” (Roxana Robinson, The New York Times)
In the third book in the Neapolitan quartet, Elena and Lila, the two girls whom readers first met in My Brilliant Friend, have become women. Lila married at sixteen and has a young son; she has left her husband and the comforts her marriage brought and now works as a common laborer. Elena has left the neighborhood, earned her college degree, and published a successful novel, all of which has opened the doors to a world of learned interlocutors and richly furnished salons. Both women are pushing against the walls of a prison that would have seen them living a life of misery, ignorance and submission. They are afloat on the great sea of opportunities that opened up during the nineteen-seventies. Yet they are still very much bound to each other by a strong, unbreakable bond.
Ferrante is one of the world’s great storytellers. With the Neapolitan quartet she has given her readers an abundant, generous, and masterfully plotted page-turner that is also a stylish work of literary fiction destined to delight readers for many generations to come.
The Story of the Lost Child 豆瓣 Goodreads Goodreads
Storia della bambina perduta
8.9 (29 个评分) 作者: Elena Ferrante 译者: Ann Goldstein Europa Editions 2015 - 9
Soon to be an HBO series, book four in the New York Times bestselling Neapolitan quartet about two friends in post-war Italy is a rich, intense, and generous-hearted epic by one of today's most beloved and acclaimed writers, Elena Ferrante, “one of the great novelists of our time.” (Roxana Robinson, The New York Times)
Here is the dazzling saga of two women, the brilliant, bookish Elena and the fiery uncontainable Lila. In this book, life’s great discoveries have been made, its vagaries and losses have been suffered. Through it all, the women’s friendship, examined in its every detail over the course of four books, remains the gravitational center of their lives. Both women once fought to escape the neighborhood in which they grew up. Elena married, moved to Florence, started a family, and published several well-received books. But now, she has returned to Naples to be with the man she has always loved. Lila, on the other hand, never succeeded in freeing herself from Naples. She has become a successful entrepreneur, but her success draws her into closer proximity with the nepotism, chauvinism, and criminal violence that infect her neighborhood. Yet somehow this proximity to a world she has always rejected only brings her role as unacknowledged leader of that world into relief.
Ferrante is one of the world’s great storytellers. With the Neapolitan quartet she has given her readers an abundant, generous, and masterfully plotted page-turner that is also a stylish work of literary fiction destined to delight readers for many generations to come.
Christ Stopped at Eboli 豆瓣 Goodreads
作者: Carlo Levi 译者: Frenaye, Frances Farrar, Straus and Giroux 2006 - 1
It was to Lucania, a desolate land in southern Italy, that Carlo Levi—a doctor, painter, philosopher, and man of letters—was confined as a political prisoner because of his opposition to Italy’s Fascist government at the start of the Ethiopian war in 1935. While there, Levi reflected on the harsh landscape and its inhabitants, peasants who lived the same lives their ancestors had, constantly fearing black magic and the near presence of death. In so doing, Levi offered a starkly beautiful and moving account of a place and a people living outside the boundaries of progress and time.
2019年5月19日 已读
意大利式的政治犯的劳改生活。被流放到贫穷的意大利南部山区。确实有陕西窑洞的感觉。非常有意大利风情的流放生活还可以带着狗租着画室。但是被“党支部”监视,往来信件被查看,行动被约束倒也是古今中外很统一。白描式的写作很细致。
意大利 纪实 英文
Midnight in Chernobyl 豆瓣
9.2 (6 个评分) 作者: Adam Higginbotham Simon & Schuster 2019 - 2
The definitive, dramatic untold story of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant disaster, based on original reporting and new archival research.
April 25, 1986, in Chernobyl, was a turning point in world history. The disaster not only changed the world’s perception of nuclear power and the science that spawned it, but also our understanding of the planet’s delicate ecology. With the images of the abandoned homes and playgrounds beyond the barbed wire of the 30-kilometer Exclusion Zone, the rusting graveyards of contaminated trucks and helicopters, the farmland lashed with black rain, the event fixed for all time the notion of radiation as an invisible killer.
Chernobyl was also a key event in the destruction of the Soviet Union, and, with it, the United States’ victory in the Cold War. For Moscow, it was a political and financial catastrophe as much as an environmental and scientific one. With a total cost of 18 billion rubles—at the time equivalent to $18 billion—Chernobyl bankrupted an already teetering economy and revealed to its population a state built upon a pillar of lies.
The full story of the events that started that night in the control room of Reactor No.4 of the V.I. Lenin Nuclear Power Plant has never been told—until now. Through two decades of reporting, new archival information, and firsthand interviews with witnesses, journalist Adam Higginbotham tells the full dramatic story, including Alexander Akimov and Anatoli Dyatlov, who represented the best and worst of Soviet life; denizens of a vanished world of secret policemen, internal passports, food lines, and heroic self-sacrifice for the Motherland. Midnight in Chernobyl, award-worthy nonfiction that reads like sci-fi, shows not only the final epic struggle of a dying empire but also the story of individual heroism and desperate, ingenious technical improvisation joining forces against a new kind of enemy.
2019年5月27日 已读
看完了,Kindle左下角指示“51% page 372" 所以全书将近一半的篇幅都是索引,够严谨。十分唏嘘。很多牺牲(矿工,直升飞机丢沙队)最后证明都是无谓的。但是在当时的情况下又不得不为因为当时人类应对核泄漏的知识实在有限。其实就算到了今天我们又知道多少呢?跟现代医学有一拼。。。非常强烈感到能活到今天统统都是侥幸。还是及时行乐比较靠谱。不要想那么多!
纪实 英文
The Buried 豆瓣 Goodreads
9.6 (20 个评分) 作者: Peter Hessler Penguin Press 2019 - 5
From the acclaimed author of River Town and Oracle Bones, an intimate excavation of life in one of the world's oldest civilizations at a time of convulsive change
Drawn by an abiding fascination with Egypt's rich history and civilization, Peter Hessler moved with his wife and twin daughters to Cairo to explore a place that had a powerful hold over his imagination. He wanted to learn Arabic, explore Cairo's neighborhoods, research ancient history, and visit the legendary archeological digs. After years of covering China for The New Yorker, friends warned him it would be a much quieter place. But just before his arrival, the Arab Spring had reached Egypt and the country was in chaos.
In the midst of the revolution, he attached himself to an important archeological dig at a site rich in royal tombs known in as al-Madfuna, or "The Buried." He and his wife set out to master Arabic, striking up an important friendship with their language instructor, a cynical political sophisticate named Rifaat. And a very different kind of friendship was formed with their garbage collector, an illiterate neighborhood character named Saaed, whose access to the trash of Cairo would be its own kind of archeological excavation. Along the way, he meets a family of Chinese small business owners who have cornered the nation's lingerie trade; their pragmatic view of the political crisis is a bracing counterpoint to the West's conventional wisdom.
Through the lives of these ordinary Egyptians in a time of tragedy and heartache, while drawing connections between contemporary politics and the ancient past, Hessler creates a richly textured and original portrait of a revolution and the people swept up in it. Whether he's investigating the relics of pharaohs, the neighborhood trash that Saeed brings him, the Arabic vocabulary lists from Rifaat, or the Muslim Brotherhood documents left behind after mobs have looted their offices, Hessler finds subtle and illuminating insights to understand a nation from a new perspective.
What emerges is a book of uncompromising intelligence and glorious humanity. Through the lives of Saeed and Rifaat, we encounter a land in which a weak state has collapsed but its underlying society remains painfully the same. The Buried is an extraordinary achievement that unearths a new world for the reader, one filled with unforgettable people who escape their context and become universal.
2019年9月4日 已读
看前一半时想,哦,是用“江城”和“甲骨文”的写法合二为一写埃及。看到后一半,他买了一辆本田,开始自驾沿着尼罗河上下埃及来回跑;才发现原来是中国三部曲的手法都用到了!隐隐感觉这本书里的中国是因为他经历的那十年是乐观的十年,有点玫瑰眼镜效应//再一次看到何伟的长篇,真过瘾啊!翻开第一章就放不下了。。。
hessler nonfiction 埃及 英文
Hamilton 豆瓣 Goodreads
10.0 (9 个评分) 作者: Lin-Manuel Miranda / Jeremy McCarter Grand Central Publishing 2016 - 4
Lin-Manuel Miranda's groundbreaking musical Hamilton is as revolutionary as its subject, the poor kid from the Caribbean who fought the British, defended the Constitution, and helped to found the United States. Fusing hip-hop, pop, R&B, and the best traditions of theater, this once-in-a-generation show broadens the sound of Broadway, reveals the storytelling power of rap, and claims our country's origins for a diverse new generation.
HAMILTON: THE REVOLUTION gives readers an unprecedented view of both revolutions, from the only two writers able to provide it. Miranda, along with Jeremy McCarter, a cultural critic and theater artist who was involved in the project from its earliest stages--"since before this was even a show," according to Miranda--traces its development from an improbable performance at the White House to its landmark opening night on Broadway six years later. In addition, Miranda has written more than 200 funny, revealing footnotes for his award-winning libretto, the full text of which is published here.
Their account features photos by the renowned Frank Ockenfels and veteran Broadway photographer, Joan Marcus; exclusive looks at notebooks and emails; interviews with Questlove, Stephen Sondheim, leading political commentators, and more than 50 people involved with the production; and multiple appearances by President Obama himself. The book does more than tell the surprising story of how a Broadway musical became a national phenomenon: It demonstrates that America has always been renewed by the brash upstarts and brilliant outsiders, the men and women who don't throw away their shot.
2019年10月6日 已读
看过了Hamilton音乐剧再来看这书,非常满足。从第一个念头浮现一直到百老汇首演,追溯的七年间这个剧是怎么从诞生到成熟,LMM又是如何纠结了一群志同道合的朋友把它付诸实现。。。
戏剧 散文 英文