分离五十年后，这对双胞胎兄弟终于见面了。期盼多年，他们之间的距离却没有因为时间的消逝而缩短。在“路卡斯”与“克劳斯”的叙述中，那段童年时的真相逐渐被揭开，他们在分离的岁月中各自遭遇了什么事情？从《恶童日记》纠缠至《二人证据》，到了《第三谎言》，终于真相大白。

The polymath Michael Polanyi first made his mark as a physical chemist, but his interests gradually shifted to economics, politics, and philosophy, in which field he would ultimately propose a revolutionary theory of knowledge that grew out of his firsthand experience with both the scientific method and political totalitarianism. In this sixth entry in ISI Books' Library of Modern Thinkers' series, Mark T. Mitchell reveals how Polanyi came to recognize that the roots of the modern political and spiritual crisis lay in an errant conception of knowledge that served to foreclose any possibility of making meaningful statements about truth, goodness, or beauty. Polanyi's theory of knowledge as ineluctably personal but also grounded in reality is not merely of historical interest, writes Mitchell, for it proposes an attractive alternative for anyone who would reject both the hubris of modern rationalism and the ultimately nihilistic implications of academic postmodernism.

Published very shortly before his death in February 1976, Meaning is the culmination of Michael Polanyi's philosophic endeavors. With the assistance of Harry Prosch, Polanyi goes beyond his earlier critique of scientific "objectivity" to investigate meaning as founded upon the imaginative and creative faculties.
Establishing that science is an inherently normative form of knowledge and that society gives meaning to science instead of being given the "truth" by science, Polanyi contends here that the foundation of meaning is the creative imagination. Largely through metaphorical expression in poetry, art, myth, and religion, the imagination is used to synthesize the otherwise chaotic and disparate elements of life. To Polanyi these integrations stand with those of science as equally valid modes of knowledge. He hopes this view of the foundation of meaning will restore validity to the traditional ideas that were undercut by modern science. Polanyi also outlines the general conditions of a free society that encourage varied approaches to truth, and includes an illuminating discussion of how to restore, to modern minds, the "possibility" for the acceptance of religion.

In this text, the author argues that organisations -- or governments -- based solely on the methods of science threaten to foreclose a full human knowledge of the mysteries of existence and therefore pose a direct threat not only to academic freedom but also to social and political liberty.

作为20世纪欧洲卓越的科学家和哲学家，迈克尔·波兰尼(NiChael P01anyi，189l—1976)凭其著名的意会(tacit)认知理论和富有人性的科学哲学观引发了现代认识论上一场根本性的变革。 《科学、信仰和社会》是根据1946年波兰尼在英国达勒姆大学(University of Durham)发表的路德演讲结成的集子，该书是波兰尼第一部系统的科学哲学著作，可说是波兰尼哲学生涯的开端，波氏在其中首次阐明了自己哲学的总体轮廓，同时也为他最主要的作品《个人知识》一书做了一些基础性的工作。该系列演讲概括地陈述了波兰尼的科学观，包括科学发现的性质和特点以及通过发现的正确道路，首次将科学客观性的问题放在一个大的语境中加以讨论。从而使人们意识到有必要在这个大的语境中重新考虑一些问题，这就是波氏关于知识的理论的起点。

本文集包含迈克尔·波兰尼已发表的有关非科学论题的文章。它不包括任何未刊文章。而且不包括所有收编在《自由的逻辑》、《个人知识》和《认识与存在》中的文章。目的是让人们更容易找到那些来自其他书籍中的文章，这些其余书籍中包含自《自由的逻辑》以来波兰尼的诸多著作中找不到的材料，从而提供一个那些著作的补遗。因此它不可避免是一本来源迥异的选集，范围从他最早于1917年发表的一篇非科学文章直至最后于1972年发表的两篇，而且并不要求协调一致。例如，由于尽管波兰尼继续写作和发表关于经济学的文章，而自《自由的逻辑》(1951)以来波兰尼的所有著作都没有包括任何关于经济理论的东西，因此这里必然就包括某种分量上相对占优势的关于经济理论的文章。

迈克尔•波兰尼被哲学界公认为引发了当代认识论革命的大师级哲学家和化学家，从多方面影响了哈耶克，包括哈耶克的“自发秩序”概念。《充分就业与自由贸易》是其重要的经济理论著作，也是当时为数不多的一本具有开创性和前瞻性贡献的货币理论著作，极具学术份量和现实意义。波兰尼在《充分就业与自由贸易》中关于货币理论的思想既不同于古典的货币数量论，也不同于凯恩斯的理论，而是提出一种综合了凯恩斯主义和货币学派经济学的理论。此书所提出的主张和弗里德曼在其30年后提出的理论相近。

The work that helped to determine Paul Feyerabend's fame and notoriety, "Against Method," stemmed from Imre Lakatos's challenge: "In 1970 Imre cornered me at a party. "Paul", he said, "you have such strange ideas. Why don't you write them down? I shall write a reply, we publish the whole thing and I promise you - we shall have a lot of fun." Although Lakatos died before he could write his reply, this text reconstructs his original counter-arguments from lectures and correspondence previously unpublished in English, allowing us to enjoy the "fun" two of this century's most eminent philosophers had, matching their wits and ideas on the subject of the scientific method. The text opens with an imaginary dialogue between Lakatos and Feyerabend, which Matteo Motterlini has constructed, based on their published works, to synthesize their positions and arguments. Part one presents the transcripts of the last lectures on method that Lakatos delivered. Part two, Feyerabend's response, consists of a previously published essay on anarchism, which began the attack on Lakatos's position that Feyerabend later continued in "Against Method." The third and longest section consists of the correspondence Lakatos and Feyerabend exchanged on method and many other issues and ideas, as well as the events of their daily lives, between 1968 and Lakatos's death in 1974.

雅諾什．科爾奈是傑出的匈牙利經濟學家，青年時曾狂熱地信奉社會主義，之後轉而批判社會主義政治和經濟體系。他的家人大部分在二戰猶太大屠殺中喪生。他先後做過報社記者、研究員（因為政府禁止他在本國從事教學工作），1956年匈牙利十月革命爆發，他已具備堅實的理論基礎，成為頗具影響力的理論家。科爾奈是東西學術界交流的使者，並在哈佛大學經濟學終身教授職位上榮休。《思想的力量》是以第一身角度追溯了科爾奈一生的學術探索之旅。
這部自傳描述了科爾奈長達半個世紀的研究經歷及其成果，並介紹了進行這些研究工作時的社會和政治環境。許多秘密警察文件及告密者對科爾奈活動的報告，塵封已久，最近才得到披露，在如此重大困難的環境下，清楚地展示了作者在探索學術追求真理中所擁有的勇氣和思想力。科爾奈發表的《經濟管理的過度集中化》（1956），是第一部鐵幕生活下的人公開批判蘇式經濟的著作，在匈牙利國內受到猛烈抨擊，但卻受西方經濟學家青睞。科爾奈－利普塔克的雙層計劃理論引起數理經濟學家的注意。他後來出版了一系列著作，如備受爭議的《反均衡論》（1971），批評當時用來分析市場的主流經濟理論──一般均衡理論；《短缺經濟學》（1980）；《通向自由經濟之路》（1990）以及總結其畢生研究成果的著作《社會主義制度：共產主義的政治經濟學》（1992）。
對於主修經濟學思想、社會主義制度和後社會主義轉軌等專業的學生，以及對東歐學界如何經歷共產體制興衰感興趣的讀者，《思想的力量》是一本必備的重要學術參考書。

Karl Polanyi's belief that the greatest threat to freedom was a poorly administered economy led him to an economics that was more existential and human-centered. Part I of this book develops Polanyi's thinking for its significance today through a selection of papers on re-reading his major work entitled "The Great Transformation." Part II looks at the life and work of Ilona Duczynska (Polanyi's wife), political activist, writer and translator and important influence over Karl and his work. Kenneth McRobbie, a poet and historian who teaches at the University of British Columbia, is the editor of "Humanity, Society and Commitment." Kari Polanyi Levitt, emeritus professor at McGill University, is the editor of "The Life and Work of Karl Polanyi."

Janos Kornai, a distinguished Hungarian economist, began his adult life as an ardent believer in socialism and then became a critic of the communist political and economic system. He lost family members in the Holocaust, contributed to the ideological preparation for the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, and became an influential theorist of the post-Soviet economic transition. He has been a journalist, a researcher prohibited from teaching in his home country, and a tenured professor at Harvard. By Force of Thought traces Kornai's lifelong intellectual journey and offers a subjective complement to his academic research.Disenchanted with communism, Kornai published Overcentralization (1956), the first book written by someone living behind the Iron Curtain to be openly critical of Soviet-style economics. Although it was attacked in Hungary, it was hailed by Western economists. The Kornai-Liptak theory on two-level planning captured the attention of mathematical economists. Kornai went on to publish the controversial Anti-Equilibrium (1971), a critique of the general equilibrium theory underpinning mainstream economic analyses of markets, Economics of Shortage (1980), The Road to a Free Economy (1990), and the summary of his lifetime research, The Socialist System (1992). An intellectual emissary between East and West, Kornai commuted between Harvard and Budapest for many years.Kornai's memoir describes his research--including his present-day evaluation of his past work--as well as the social and political environments in which he did his work. The difficulties faced by a critic of central planning in a communist country are made especially vivid by material from newly opened secret police files and informers' reports on his activities. By Force of Thought will be an essential resource for students of economic thought, socialist systems, and postsocialist transition, and for readers interested in Eastern European intellectual life before, during, and after communism.

Drawing on a wealth of new archival material, including personal correspondence and diaries, Robert Leonard tells the fascinating story of the creation of game theory by Hungarian Jewish mathematician John von Neumann and Austrian economist Oskar Morgenstern. Game theory first emerged amid discussions of the psychology and mathematics of chess in Germany and fin-de-siecle Austro-Hungary. In the 1930s, on the cusp of anti-Semitism and political upheaval, it was developed by von Neumann into an ambitious theory of social organization. It was shaped still further by its use in combat analysis in World War II and during the Cold War. Interweaving accounts of the period's economics, science, and mathematics, and drawing sensitively on the private lives of von Neumann and Morgenstern, Robert Leonard provides a detailed reconstruction of a complex historical drama.