歷史
西法东渐 豆瓣
作者: 王健 编 译林出版社 2020 - 3
近代中国法律史必读经典
暌违十余年全新增订归来
辑录时代激变中近代法制的大转型
呈现东西方法律文明的冲突与交流
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【内容简介】
《西法东渐》选录了六十余篇中国近代法学作品,囊括了来华传教第一人卫三畏、执掌晚清中国海关四十八年的罗伯特·赫德、京师同文馆首任总教习丁韪良、近代来华的最后一位外国法律顾问罗斯科·庞德等著名人物对中国法律问题的独到见解,是法学史上的一次重要史料汇编,力求深入清末民初的大变局时代,呈现东西方法律文明之间的冲突与交流。
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【编辑推荐】
◆了解近代中国法律变迁的必读之书。《西法东渐》以宏大的视野、锐利的慧眼,倾力汇集晚近来华外国人观察和研究中国法的作品,力求完整再现中国法与外国法、中国政府与外国法学家之间冲突而又调适的法律史。
◆珍贵历史资料一网打尽,各类法律文献巨细靡遗。《西法东渐》汇编晚晴至民国时期来华外国人的重要文献,体裁囊括个人著述、咨政报告、法律草案、法律备忘录,内容涉及法律的中外比较、中国传统法的价值、治外法权、司法改革、法律职业、法律教育及法律学术等诸多领域,为观察中国近现代法律演变提供独特且全面的视角。
◆经典文献再次增订,广角视野、多元议题,以法律之眼洞见近代东西方文明的碰撞与融合。此次全新增订版增补作品计22篇,除“治外法权”,其他章节均有扩充。
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【学者推荐】
中国近代法律的建立始于移植,在此过程中,受聘来华的外国法学家发挥了重要作用。十八年前,王健博士搜集整理此一群体中较著者参与中国法律变革的各类文字,集为《西法东渐》一书,于中国近代法律史研究有拾遗补阙之功。如今,该书又出增订本,增补人物,添加篇章,令其内容愈加丰富完备,值得研究者阅读参考。
——梁治平(中国艺术研究院研究员)
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王健教授的《西法东渐》一书初版十七年来,已成为学界研究近代中国法律变迁、法学交流的必读文献,其影响力实际上已超越中国法律史研究领域。此次再版,新增十六篇重要文献,体现了作者一如既往强调“义理自实故出”、重视基础史料整理的研究特色,以及史料挖掘选取背后独具慧眼的理论洞察力和研究旨趣,必将惠泽学林,功德无量。
——付子堂(西南政法大学校长)
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此书所录作品皆为“西学东渐”以降外国法学家解答近代中国转型法制问题之佳作,实属“西方法学之中国设计/汉语表达”阶段不得不深读的典藏文献。
——舒国滢(中国政法大学教授)
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王健教授长期致力于中国近代法律教育史和中国近代法律史的研究。清末以降,中国处于重大社会转型期,传统中华法系转向,移植西方法制而形成中国近代法,适为转型期的一大特色。
——张谷(浙江大学法学院教授)
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十八年过去了,这本书及其书名本身都已成为经典。
——聂鑫(清华大学法学院教授)
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《西法东渐》是映照中国法律近代化的一面镜子,从一个独特的视角诠释了在选择与移植外国法、传承本国固有法的进程中的成败得失。它既是研究那个时代弥足珍贵的历史资料,也是当今继续推进法律现代化事业应当参照的历史坐标。
——张生(中国法律史学会会长、中国社会科学院法学研究所研究员)
从航海图到世界史 豆瓣
作者: [日]宫崎正胜 译者: 朱悦玮 中信出版集团 2019 - 11
海上航路将被海洋分隔开的大陆连接起来。与陆地上的道路不同,每次航行时,海上航路都有可能如同海市蜃楼般消失不见。没有可靠航海图的海洋航行,就如同在黑暗中摸索前行一样充满了危险。于是,航海图成为人们驶往新世界的必备工具。
航海图的诞生是人类俯瞰世界的尝试。与航海图相伴的一次次神奇发现之旅,也是人类不断探索世界、拓展认知边界、重新认识自己的过程。本书以航海图为针,海上航路为线,将分散在各处的零散的、孤立的历史织成一部动态的、完整的、相互呼应的世界历史,描绘了从单一世界到复合世界的演进历程。
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【编辑推荐】
1.有用:媲美《极简欧洲史》的崭新世界通史,秒懂现代世界的形成,快速搭建知识体系,拓展认知边界。
相比不遗巨细的大部头,这本200多页的世界史,轻松好读不晦涩,涵盖大航海、新技术的应用、交通网的形成、三个世界的连接、思想观念的转变等关键节点,帮助读者快速搭建知识体系,拓展认知边界,是上班族上下班路上、旅途、休闲的好伴侣,更是大中学生课堂之外的知识营养源。
2.有料:冒险故事串联起单一世界到复合世界的进化历程,生动刺激不单调,满足读者娱乐化、长知识的需求。
“为了找到亚洲,我也是操碎了心”“一张航海图霸占全世界”“食盐变黄金,这不是神话”……发现新世界的阴差阳错与生死之别、新旧世界的矛盾冲突、不同利益集团煞费心机的竞赛,以及地理、气象、天文、数学等众多学科硬知识融合在命悬一线的探险故事中,激发读者的好奇心和想象力,满足读者娱乐化、长知识、求刺激的多重心理。
3.新鲜:从陆地走向海洋,俯瞰地球,从航海图角度讲世界史,视角与众不同。
航海图的出现,是人类首次俯瞰世界的尝试,把人类头脑里想象的世界变为现实。以往的世界史偏向以陆地为中心叙事,本书选择立足海洋,从航海图这个少有人关注的角度讲述不同地域的、被海洋割裂的世界是怎么连结为一个整体的,不同地区的人们又是怎么从毫无联系变成现在牵一发而动全身的局面的。
4.有内涵:表面写大航海与世界史,实则探究人类对地球的再发现。
航海图的诞生与完善,不仅记录了海上航线的开拓,更是人类对地球一次次再发现。在这个过程中,新大陆被发现、达尔文的进化论产生、资本主义的基础得以奠定、现代世界的大门开启。
5.有范儿:20多幅精美地图真实还原人类探索世界、突破思想禁锢的点滴脚步;封面书名组成一艘帆船,若隐若现地航行在茫茫大海上,穿越迷茫、晦暗和明朗,寻找着未曾被发现的彼岸;别人都不知道的冷知识,我知道。
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见识丛书(见识城邦出品):
01《时间地图:大历史,130亿年前至今》[美]大卫·克里斯蒂安
02《太阳底下的新鲜事:20世纪人与环境的全球互动》[美]约翰·R.麦克尼尔
03《革命的年代:1789—1848》[英]艾瑞克·霍布斯鲍姆
04《资本的年代:1848—1875》[英]艾瑞克·霍布斯鲍姆
05《帝国的年代:1875—1914》[英]艾瑞克·霍布斯鲍姆
06《极端的年代:1914—1991》[英]艾瑞克·霍布斯鲍姆
07《守夜人的钟声:我们时代的危机和出路》[美]丽贝卡·D. 科斯塔
08《1913,一战前的世界》[英]查尔斯·埃默森
09《文明史:人类五千年文明的传承与交流》[法]费尔南·布罗代尔
10《基因传:众生之源》(平装 精装)[美]悉达多·穆克吉
11《一万年的爆发:文明如何加速人类进化》[美]格雷戈里·柯克伦 [美]亨利·哈本丁
12《审问欧洲:二战时期的合作、抵抗与报复》[美]伊斯特万·迪克
13《哥伦布大交换:1492年以后的生物影响和文化冲击》[美]艾尔弗雷德·W.克罗斯比
14《从黎明到衰落:西方文化生活五百年,1500年至今》(平装 精装)[美]雅克·巴尔赞
15《瘟疫与人》[美]威廉·麦克尼尔
16《西方的兴起:人类共同体史》[美]威廉·麦克尼尔
17《奥斯曼帝国的终结:战争、革命以及现代中东的诞生,1908—1923》[美]西恩·麦克米金
18《科学的诞生:科学革命新史》(平装 精装)[美]戴维·伍顿
19《内战:观念中的历史》 [美]大卫·阿米蒂奇
20《第五次开始》 [美]罗伯特·L.凯利
21《人类简史:从动物到上帝》(精装 平装) [以色列] 尤瓦尔·赫拉利
22《黑暗大陆:20世纪的欧洲》[英]马克·马佐尔
23《现实主义者的乌托邦:如何开创一个理想世界》[荷]罗杰·布雷格曼
24《民粹主义大爆炸:经济大衰退如何改变美国和欧洲政治》 [美]约翰·朱迪斯
25《自私的基因(40周年纪念版)》(平装 精装) [英]理查德·道金斯
26《权力与文化:日美战争1941—1945》 [美]入江昭
27《犹太文明:比较视野下的犹太历史》 [美] S. N. 艾森斯塔特
28《技术垄断:文化向技术投降》 [美]尼尔·波兹曼
29《从丹药到枪炮:世界史上的中国军事格局》 [美]欧阳泰
30《起源:万物大历史》 [美]大卫·克里斯蒂安
31《为什么不平等至关重要》 [美]托马斯·斯坎伦
32《认知工具:文化进化心理学》 [美]塞西莉亚·海斯
33《简明大历史》 [美]大卫·克里斯蒂安 [美]威廉·麦克尼尔等主编
34《专家之死:反智主义的盛行及其影响》 [美]托马斯·M.尼克尔斯
35《大历史与人类的未来(修订版)》 [荷]弗雷德·斯皮尔
36《人性中的善良天使》[美]斯蒂芬·平克
37《历史性的体制》[法]弗朗索瓦·阿赫托戈
38《希罗多德的镜子》[法]弗朗索瓦·阿赫托戈
39《出发去希腊》[法]弗朗索瓦·阿赫托戈
40《灯塔工的休息室》[法]弗朗索瓦·阿赫托戈
41《从航海图到世界史:海上道路改变历史》[日]宫崎正胜
42《人类的旅程:基因的奥德赛之旅》[美]斯宾塞·韦尔斯
43《西方的困局:欧洲与美国的当下危机》[德]海因利希·奥古斯特·温克勒
44《没有思想的世界:科技巨头对独立思考的威胁》[美]富兰克林·福尔
45《锥形帐篷的起源:思想如何进化》[英]乔尼·休斯
……后续新品,敬请关注……
A History of Mathematics 豆瓣
作者: Carl B. Boyer / Uta C. Merzbach John Wiley & Sons 1991 - 3
"Boyer and Merzbach distill thousands of years of mathematics into this fascinating chronicle. From the Greeks to Godel, the mathematics is brilliant; the cast of characters is distinguished; the ebb and flow of ideas is everywhere evident. And, while tracing the development of European mathematics, the authors do not overlook the contributions of Chinese, Indian, and Arabic civilizations. Without doubt, this is—and will long remain—a classic one-volume history of mathematics and mathematicians who create it." —William Dunham Author, Journey Through Genius, The Great Theorems of Mathematics "When we read a book like A History of Mathematics, we get the picture of a mounting structure, ever taller and broader and more beautiful and magnificent—and with a foundation, moreover, that is as untainted and as functional now as it was when Thales worked out the first geometrical theorems nearly 26 centuries ago." —From the Foreword by Isaac Asimov "One of the most useful and comprehensive general introductions to the subject." —J. W. Dauben The City University of New York "Both readable and scholarly, this book can serve as a fine introduction to the topic and also a reference book." —J. David Bolter University of North Carolina Author of Turing’s Man Revised to make it more accessible to a general audience, A History of Mathematics paints a vivid picture of humankind’s relationship with numbers. Updated and expanded, it now offers broadened coverage of twentieth century advances in probability and computers, and updated references to further reading. A feature that will be of interest to every reader is an appendix containing an extensive chronological table of mathematical and general historical developments.
The Thirty Years War Goodreads 豆瓣
作者: C. V. Wedgwood / Anthony Grafton NYRB Classics 2005 - 3
Europe in 1618 was divided between Protestants and Catholics, and Bourbon and Hapsburg — as well as empires, kingdoms, and countless independent states. After angry Protestants tossed three representatives of the Holy Roman Empire out the window of the royal castle in Prague, world war spread from Bohemia with similar abandon and relentless persistence, destroying European powers from Spain to Sweden as they marched on the contested soil of Germany. Fanatics, speculators, and ordinary people found themselves trapped in a nightmarish world of famine, disease, and seemingly unstoppable destruction.
The Thirty Years War was a turning point in the making of modern Europe and the modern world: out of it came the system of nation-states that remains fundamental to international law. C. V. Wedgewood's magisterial book is the only comprehensive account of the war in English, as well as a triumph of scholarship and literature. Includes maps and charts.
日本的世界观 豆瓣
Japan and Its World
7.2 (8 个评分) 作者: [美]马里乌斯·詹森 译者: 柳立言 上海三联书店 2020 - 2
《剑桥日本史》主编凝练之作,三个人物串起日本两百年变化
★ 日本如何看待世界,就决定它如何行动——日本在近代以及现代的迅速转身,背后都是对世界的认识发生转变。18世纪70年代开始,日本从中国的巨大影子中转身,瞥见兰学所代表的西方文化之光;19世纪70年代,他们派出一波波官员、学生,学习欧美的制度、技术与经验,并努力将日本建设为西方式强国,成为东亚乃至亚洲的领袖;20世纪70年代,在二战的挫折后,日本转身变成经济强国,此后却似乎迷失了方向。
★ 三个人物故事,勾勒近代日本的大转向——一位日本的中医突然想去亲自看解剖结果,如同一只蝴蝶扇动翅膀,最终带来整个日本学习西方的风暴;一位跟随使团出行的秘书欣喜于国家最终成为欧美列强中的一员,却因为论文对天皇不敬而失去职位;一位记者往来欧美、中国与日本,谋求合作,却见证了二战中日本的暴行。詹森用三个不那么显赫的人物,串起了日本近现代的剧变。
★ 《剑桥日本史》主编詹森凝练之作,了解近代日本的应读之书——詹森选择三个人物,以三场演讲的形式凝练地讲述日本两百年的变化,文笔流畅,语言生动,真正的大家小书。
★ 图片中的日本近现代史——精选四十余幅图片以配合文章内容,从石器时代器物,到2017年安倍访美,形象讲述出日本两百年的转变。
The Big Short 豆瓣 Goodreads
7.7 (7 个评分) 作者: Michael Lewis W. W. Norton & Company 2010 - 3
The #1 New York Times bestseller: a brilliant account—character-rich and darkly humorous—of how the U.S. economy was driven over the cliff. When the crash of the U. S. stock market became public knowledge in the fall of 2008, it was already old news. The real crash, the silent crash, had taken place over the previous year, in bizarre feeder markets where the sun doesn’t shine, and the SEC doesn’t dare, or bother, to tread: the bond and real estate derivative markets where geeks invent impenetrable securities to profit from the misery of lower- and middle-class Americans who can’t pay their debts. The smart people who understood what was or might be happening were paralyzed by hope and fear; in any case, they weren’t talking.

The crucial question is this: Who understood the risk inherent in the assumption of ever-rising real estate prices, a risk compounded daily by the creation of those arcane, artificial securities loosely based on piles of doubtful mortgages? Michael Lewis turns the inquiry on its head to create a fresh, character-driven narrative brimming with indignation and dark humor, a fitting sequel to his #1 best-selling Liar’s Poker . Who got it right? he asks. Who saw the real estate market for the black hole it would become, and eventually made billions of dollars from that perception? And what qualities of character made those few persist when their peers and colleagues dismissed them as Chicken Littles? Out of this handful of unlikely—really unlikely—heroes, Lewis fashions a story as compelling and unusual as any of his earlier bestsellers, proving yet again that he is the finest and funniest chronicler of our times.
How to Hide an Empire 豆瓣 Goodreads
作者: Daniel Immerwahr Farrar, Straus and Giroux 2019 - 2
A pathbreaking history of the United States' overseas possessions and the true meaning of its empire
We are familiar with maps that outline all fifty states. And we are also familiar with the idea that the United States is an "empire," exercising power around the world. But what about the actual territories--the islands, atolls, and archipelagos--this country has governed and inhabited?
In How to Hide an Empire, Daniel Immerwahr tells the fascinating story of the United States outside the United States. In crackling, fast-paced prose, he reveals forgotten episodes that cast American history in a new light. We travel to the Guano Islands, where prospectors collected one of the nineteenth century's most valuable commodities, and the Philippines, site of the most destructive event on U.S. soil. In Puerto Rico, Immerwahr shows how U.S. doctors conducted grisly experiments they would never have conducted on the mainland and charts the emergence of independence fighters who would shoot up the U.S. Congress.
In the years after World War II, Immerwahr notes, the United States moved away from colonialism. Instead, it put innovations in electronics, transportation, and culture to use, devising a new sort of influence that did not require the control of colonies. Rich with absorbing vignettes, full of surprises, and driven by an original conception of what empire and globalization mean today, How to Hide an Empire is a major and compulsively readable work of history.
Reconstructing the Dreamland 豆瓣
作者: Brophy, Alfred L. Oxford Univ Pr 2003 - 4
The 1921 Tulsa Race Riot was the country's bloodiest civil disturbance of the century. Leaving perhaps 150 dead, 30 city blocks burned to the ground, and more than a thousand families homeless, the riot represented an unprecedented breakdown of the rule of law. It reduced the prosperous black community of Greenwood, Oklahoma, to rubble. In Reconstructing the Dreamland, Alfred Brophy draws on his own extensive research into contemporary accounts and court documents to chronicle this devastating riot, showing how and why the rule of law quickly eroded. Brophy offers a gut-wrenching portrait of mob violence and racism run amok, both on the night of the riot and the morning after, when a coordinated sunrise attack, accompanied by airplanes, stormed through Greenwood, torching and looting the community. Equally important, he shows how the city government and police not only permitted the looting, shootings, and burning of Greenwood, but actively participated in it. The police department, fearing that Greenwood was erupting into a "negro uprising" (which Brophy shows was not the case), deputized white citizens haphazardly, gave out guns and badges with little background check, or sent men to hardware stores to arm themselves. Likewise, the Tulsa-based units of the National Guard acted unconstitutionally, arresting every black resident they could find, leaving Greenwood property vulnerable to the white mob, special deputies, and police that followed behind and burned it. Brophy's revelations and stark narrative of the events of 1921 bring to life an incidence of racial violence that until recently lay mostly forgotten. Reconstructing the Dreamland concludes with a discussion of reparations for victims of the riot. That case has implications for other reparations movements, including reparations for slavery.
Star of the Sea 豆瓣
作者: Joseph O'Connor Harvest Books 2004 - 3
In the bitter winter of 1847, from an Ireland torn by famine and injustice, the Star of the Sea sets sail for NewYork. On board are hundreds of refugees, some optimistic, many more desperate. Among them are a maid with a devastating secret, the bankrupt Lord Merridith, his wife and children, and a killer stalking the decks, hungry for the vengeance that will bring absolution.
This journey will see many lives end, others begin anew. Passionate loves are tenderly recalled, shirked responsibilities regretted too late, and profound relationships shockingly revealed. In this spellbinding tale of tragedy and mercy, love and healing, the farther the ship sails toward the Promised Land, the more her passengers seem moored to a past that will never let them go.
As urgently contemporary as it is historical, this exciting and compassionate novel builds with the pace of a thriller to a stunning conclusion.
Sextant 豆瓣
作者: David Barrie William Morrow 2014 - 5
In the tradition of Dava Sobel's Longitude comes sailing expert David Barrie's compelling and dramatic tale of invention and discovery—an eloquent elegy to one of the most important navigational instruments ever created, and the daring mariners who used it to explore, conquer, and map the world.
Since its invention in 1759, a mariner's most prized possession has been the sextant. A navigation tool that measures the angle between a celestial object and the horizon, the sextant allowed sailors to pinpoint their exact location at sea.
David Barrie chronicles the sextant's development and shows how it not only saved the lives of navigators in wild and dangerous seas, but played a pivotal role in their ability to map the globe. He synthesizes centuries of seafaring history and the daring sailors who have become legend, including James Cook, Matthew Flinders, Robert Fitz-Roy, Frank Worsley of the Endurance, and Joshua Slocum, the redoubtable old "lunarian" and first single-handed-round-the-world yachtsman. He also recounts his own maiden voyage, and insights gleaned from his experiences as a practiced seaman and navigator.
Full of heroism, danger, and excitement, told with an infectious sense of wonder, Sextant offers a new look at a masterful achievement that changed the course of history.
The First Modern Economy 豆瓣
作者: Jan De Vries / Ad Van Der Woude Cambridge University Press 1997 - 9
The First Modern Economy, first published in 1997, provides a comprehensive economic history of the Netherlands during its rise to European economic leadership, the 'Golden Age', and subsequent decline (1500-1815). The authors argue that it was the first modern economy, and defend their position with detailed analyses of its major economic sectors, as well as investigations of social structure and macro-economic performance. Dutch economic history is placed in its European and world context, and inter-continental and colonial trade are discussed fully. Special emphasis is placed on the environmental context of economic growth and later decline, as well as on demographic developments. The authors also argue that the Dutch model of development and stagnation is applicable to currently maturing economies.
大分流重探 豆瓣 Goodreads
The Great Divergence Reconsidered
作者: [瑞士]罗曼·施图德(Roman Studer) 译者: 王文剑 译 / 赖建诚 校 格致出版社 2020 - 8 其它标题: 大分流重探:欧洲、印度与全球经济强权的兴起
▌以坚实的定量数据,颠覆加州学派的大分流叙事
▌运用计量史学方法,还原300年欧亚经济演进史
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果如加州学派所说,19世纪之前,亚洲与欧洲发展不分伯仲吗?
欧洲兴起的“大爆炸”假说,能够得到定量证据支持吗?
市场力量何时取代地理环境,成为塑造人类经济活动的核心因素?
民族国家及其疆界,对贸易和经济发展有多重要?
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基于丰富的微观历史数据,讲述大分流的宏大故事,本书是经济史“用数据说话”的典范。与学术界的流行看法不同,本书认为,欧洲兴起成为世界经济的领导者,并非源于工业革命,更不能用煤炭和殖民来解释。运用17—20世纪的最新历史数据,作者令人信服地证明:大分流应该追溯到17世纪之前甚至更早。工业革命给欧洲带来了影响深远的结构变迁,确立了欧洲的世界霸权,但早在工业革命之前,欧洲已经具备明显的优越特征:更强大的交通系统,更大的贸易流,规模更大、运转更好的一体化市场,更高的生产率,以及更高的生活水平。本书主要对比的是欧洲与印度,但结论和研究方法具有普适性,也适用于其他地区。
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▌ Jan de Vries,美国经济史学会前会长——
彭慕兰《大分流》的核心论断是:欧亚大陆的主要经济体,在1800年之前,经济表现大体接近。如果该论断成立,那么小麦、稻米等基本商品市场的价格行为,也应该显示出类似的市场整合水平。施图德于是利用欧洲和印度的市场价格,来检验这一命题。运用经济学家的统计技术,施图德得出了清晰有力的结论:直到19世纪中叶以前,以任何指标度量,印度粮食市场都显示出很低的整合水平。因而,欧洲与印度之间大分流的时间,“至少要追溯到17世纪或更早”。将宏大的历史论断转化为可检验的命题,然后收集所需证据,运用相关统计方法进行合理检验——《大分流重探》是做到这一切的典范。施图德这本书是重大的贡献,应该引起历史学家的重视。
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▌ Cormac Ó Gráda, 美国经济史学会前会长——
东西方经济体之间的大分流发生于何时?这是现代经济史中的大问题。罗曼·施图德建立了一个可追溯到亚当·斯密的理论框架,结合最新数据和前沿分析,巧妙而让人信服地证明:在工业革命之前很久,西方世界商品市场的整合,就已经孵育出了高于东方的经济增长率和生活水平。
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▌ Barry Eichengreen,加州大学伯克利分校——
施图德提醒我们,加州学派考察的中国并不能代表亚洲。他的分析发现,在18世纪和19世纪,印度各地的粮价差异要大于欧洲。而地理特征是造成这种差异的重要因素,因为水运成本只是陆运成本的十分之一,而欧洲有便利货运的可通航河流和天然港口。铁路的修建的确促进了印度各地的市场整合,但那要等到19世纪中叶才会发生。施图德对数据的处理十分细致,也运用了合适的计量方法,他的结论完全令人信服。而他对欧洲和印度的两个内陆山地地区(瑞士和普纳)的对比分析,再次显示出了欧洲的优势,表明地理因素虽然重要,但也并非唯一的决定因素。
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▌ Tirthankar Roy,伦敦经济学院——
《大分流重探》聚焦于市场整合与贸易成本,将国际经济不平等的起源之争,导向了一个完全不同的方向。罗曼·施图德论述老练,统计分析严密,得出的结论让人信服。这是无可争议的大作。
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▌ Gregory Clark,加州大学戴维斯分校——
亚当·斯密的核心论点是,经济增长产生于有效率的市场。这本新锐著作复兴了斯密的传统,指出有效市场创造了增长,但有效市场仅局限于前工业时代的欧洲。这本书是重要的贡献,帮助我们理解工业革命为什么出现在西方。
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▌ Anand V. Swamy,威廉姆斯学院——
《大分流重探》的论述始于亚当·斯密的一个直观洞察:市场整合促进了经济增长。基于这个洞察,施图德比较了1600—1900年之间欧洲和印度的市场整合。施图德有力地指出:体积大、价值低的商品价格,在不同地区之间的趋同,能够反映市场的整合水平。施图德研究的是粮食市场,他运用一系列统计技术,考查了市场之间的价格联动,以及当冲击发生时,不同市场间的价格比率回归至长期水平的速度。全书证据确凿地表明:早在工业革命开始之前很久,印度的市场整合水平就落后于欧洲。
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▌ Pim de Zwart,瓦格宁根大学——
现代经济增长为什么发端于西方?施图德的《大分流重探》是对解答这个历史之谜的一个重大贡献。基于坚实的经验证据和严谨的统计技术,施图德有力地证明:更有效率、更加整合的商品市场,是欧洲领先的原因。本作毫无疑问将会对大分流之争产生持续影响。任何对这一争论感兴趣的人,《大分流重探》都值得一读。这本书文笔优美,条理清楚,是进入市场整合文献,以及从大分流角度探讨欧洲和印度经济史的文献的窗口。
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▌ Bishnupriya Gupta,华威大学——
施图德的研究对象,是亚洲两大经济体中的印度,试图回答这样一个问题:欧洲和印度之间的大分流,能够从市场整合中找到起源吗?基于这两个地区粮价的全新数据集,以两个市场间的距离作为解释因子,施图德对不同市场之间价格的相关性进行了统计检验。这样的经验分析表明:早在17世纪,欧洲就有了更大面积整合的区域性市场;而印度各地的市场一直是相互割裂的,价格之间的相关性,也仅仅局限在短距离的市场之间,这一状况一直延续到19世纪晚期铁路时代的到来。这本书是对大分流和市场整合文献的重要贡献,也是第一本将印度纳入大分流之争的学术研究。
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▌ Joshua Sooter,纽约大学——
加州学派认为欧亚之间的大分流发生得相对较晚,且是由生态和地理上的偶然因素造成的。但最近一些学者,利用印度次大陆的数据,挑战了这种观点。施图德的《大分流重探》是其中的代表作。施图德对欧洲与印度的粮食价格,包括印欧内部各地粮价的相对趋同,进行了定量分析,据此比较了欧洲和印度的市场整合水平。施图德的分析证明,瑞士与欧洲粮食市场的整合度,分别要高于西高止山脉地区与整个印度次大陆的整合度,因而瑞士享有越来越大的经济繁荣,而西高止山脉地区“市场的特点是规模小且相互隔绝,这种局面一直持续到19世纪中叶”。
Broken Lives 豆瓣
作者: Konrad H. Jarausch Princeton University Press 2018 - 6
Broken Lives is a gripping account of the twentieth century as seen through the eyes of ordinary Germans who came of age under Hitler and whose lives were scarred and sometimes destroyed by what they saw and did.
Drawing on six dozen memoirs by the generation of Germans born in the 1920s, Konrad Jarausch chronicles the unforgettable stories of people who not only lived through the Third Reich, World War II, the Holocaust, and Cold War partition, but also participated in Germany's astonishing postwar recovery, reunification, and rehabilitation. Written decades after the events, these testimonies, many of them unpublished, look back on the mistakes of young people caught up in the Nazi movement. In many, early enthusiasm turns to deep disillusionment as the price of complicity with a brutal dictatorship--fighting at the front, aerial bombardment at home, murder in the concentration camps--becomes clear.
Bringing together the voices of men and women, perpetrators and victims, Broken Lives reveals the intimate human details of historical events and offers new insights about persistent questions. Why did so many Germans support Hitler through years of wartime sacrifice and Nazi inhumanity? How did they finally distance themselves from this racist dictatorship and come to embrace human rights? Jarausch argues that this generation's focus on its own suffering, often maligned by historians, ultimately led to a more critical understanding of national identity--one that helped transform Germany from a military aggressor into a pillar of European democracy.
The result is a powerful account of the everyday experiences and troubling memories of average Germans who journeyed into, through, and out of the abyss of a dark century.
They Thought They Were Free 豆瓣
作者: Milton Mayer University Of Chicago Press 2017 - 11
“When this book was first published it received some attention from the critics but none at all from the public. Nazism was finished in the bunker in Berlin and its death warrant signed on the bench at Nuremberg.”
That’s Milton Mayer, writing in a foreword to the 1966 edition of They Thought They Were Free. He’s right about the critics: the book was a finalist for the National Book Award in 1956. General readers may have been slower to take notice, but over time they did—what we’ve seen over decades is that any time people, across the political spectrum, start to feel that freedom is threatened, the book experiences a ripple of word-of-mouth interest. And that interest has never been more prominent or potent than what we’ve seen in the past year.
They Thought They Were Free is an eloquent and provocative examination of the development of fascism in Germany. Mayer’s book is a study of ten Germans and their lives from 1933-45, based on interviews he conducted after the war when he lived in Germany. Mayer had a position as a research professor at the University of Frankfurt and lived in a nearby small Hessian town which he disguised with the name “Kronenberg.” “These ten men were not men of distinction,” Mayer noted, but they had been members of the Nazi Party; Mayer wanted to discover what had made them Nazis. His discussions with them of Nazism, the rise of the Reich, and mass complicity with evil became the backbone of this book, an indictment of the ordinary German that is all the more powerful for its refusal to let the rest of us pretend that our moment, our society, our country are fundamentally immune.
A new foreword to this edition by eminent historian of the Reich Richard J. Evans puts the book in historical and contemporary context. We live in an age of fervid politics and hyperbolic rhetoric. They Thought They Were Free cuts through that, revealing instead the slow, quiet accretions of change, complicity, and abdication of moral authority that quietly mark the rise of evil.
Geschichte der Globalisierung 豆瓣
作者: Jürgen Osterhammel / Niels P. Petersson Beck 2007 - 9
Globalisierung beginnt nicht erst in der Gegenwart. Sie hat sich über mehrere Jahrhunderte hinweg entfaltet. Das Buch beschreibt die Vielfalt der wirtschaftlichen, politischen und kulturellen Prozesse, die heute unter dem Begriff der Globalisierung zusammengefaßt werden. Es befaßt sich mit deren Ursachen und Auswirkungen, Rhythmen und Reichweiten.