We know that each of us is unique, but science has struggled to pinpoint where, precisely, our uniqueness resides. Is it in our genes? The structure of our brains? Our genome may determine our eye color and even aspects of our personality. But our friendships, failures, and passions also shape who we are. The question is: how?Sebastian Seung, a dynamic professor at MIT, is on a quest to discover the biological basis of identity. He believes it lies in the pattern of connections between the brain’s neurons, which change slowly over time as we learn and grow. The connectome, as it’s called, is where our genetic inheritance intersects with our life experience. It’s where nature meets nurture.Seung introduces us to the dedicated researchers who are mapping the brain’s connections, neuron by neuron, synapse by synapse. It is a monumental undertaking—the scientific equivalent of climbing Mount Everest—but if they succeed, it could reveal the basis of personality, intelligence, memory, and perhaps even mental disorders. Many scientists speculate that people with anorexia, autism, and schizophrenia are "wired differently," but nobody knows for sure. The brain’s wiring has never been clearly seen.In sparklingly clear prose, Seung reveals the amazing technological advances that will soon help us map connectomes. He also examines the evidence that these maps will someday allow humans to "upload" their minds into computers, achieving a kind of immortality. Connectome is a mind-bending adventure story, told with great passion and authority. It presents a daring scientific and technological vision for at last understanding what makes us who we are. Welcome to the future of neuroscience.

A comprehensive account of how energy has shaped society throughout history, from pre-agricultural foraging societies through today's fossil fuel–driven civilization.
"I wait for new Smil books the way some people wait for the next 'Star Wars' movie. In his latest book, Energy and Civilization: A History, he goes deep and broad to explain how innovations in humans' ability to turn energy into heat, light, and motion have been a driving force behind our cultural and economic progress over the past 10,000 years.
―Bill Gates, Gates Notes, Best Books of the Year
Energy is the only universal currency; it is necessary for getting anything done. The conversion of energy on Earth ranges from terra-forming forces of plate tectonics to cumulative erosive effects of raindrops. Life on Earth depends on the photosynthetic conversion of solar energy into plant biomass. Humans have come to rely on many more energy flows―ranging from fossil fuels to photovoltaic generation of electricity―for their civilized existence. In this monumental history, Vaclav Smil provides a comprehensive account of how energy has shaped society, from pre-agricultural foraging societies through today's fossil fuel–driven civilization.
Humans are the only species that can systematically harness energies outside their bodies, using the power of their intellect and an enormous variety of artifacts―from the simplest tools to internal combustion engines and nuclear reactors. The epochal transition to fossil fuels affected everything: agriculture, industry, transportation, weapons, communication, economics, urbanization, quality of life, politics, and the environment. Smil describes humanity's energy eras in panoramic and interdisciplinary fashion, offering readers a magisterial overview. This book is an extensively updated and expanded version of Smil's Energy in World History (1994). Smil has incorporated an enormous amount of new material, reflecting the dramatic developments in energy studies over the last two decades and his own research over that time.

Science once had an unshakable faith in its ability to bring the forces of nature - even human nature - under control. In this wide-ranging book Anson Rabinbach examines how developments in physics, biology, medicine, psychology, politics, and art employed the metaphor of the working body as a human motor. From nineteenth-century theories of thermodynamics and political economy to the twentieth-century ideals of Taylorism and Fordism, Rabinbach demonstrates how the utopian obsession with energy and fatigue shaped social thought across the ideological spectrum.

Did Newton "unweave the rainbow" by reducing it to its prismatic colors, as Keats contended? Did he, in other words, diminish beauty? Far from it, says acclaimed scientist Richard Dawkins; Newton's unweaving is the key to much of modern astronomy and to the breathtaking poetry of modern cosmology. Mysteries don't lose their poetry because they are solved: the solution often is more beautiful than the puzzle, uncovering deeper mysteries. With the wit, insight, and spellbinding prose that have made him a best-selling author, Dawkins takes up the most important and compelling topics in modern science, from astronomy and genetics to language and virtual reality, combining them in a landmark statement of the human appetite for wonder. This is the book Richard Dawkins was meant to write: a brilliant assessment of what science is (and isn't), a tribute to science not because it is useful but because it is uplifting.

《马赫：物理学家和哲学家》是美国科学哲学界对马赫的一部研究纪念文集，是美国著名的“波士顿科学哲学研究丛书”中的一种。本文集由美国科学哲学学会前主席R.S.科恩主编。文集中主要篇目有：前言；恩斯特·马赫：作为教师和思想家的生活；马赫对感觉分析的贡献；马赫对气体动力学的贡献；马赫对激波的求知欲；马赫和当代物理学；马赫：物理学、知觉和科学哲学；马赫、爱因斯坦和实在论的探索；马赫原理和爱因斯坦的引力理论；马赫的科学哲学对我们时代的重要性；马赫和科学统一；马赫和经验论者的科学概念；马赫的生物学的知识论等。

A companion to such acclaimed works as The Age of Wonder, A Clockwork Universe, and Darwin’s Ghosts—a groundbreaking examination of the greatest event in history, the Scientific Revolution, and how it came to change the way we understand ourselves and our world.
We live in a world transformed by scientific discovery. Yet today, science and its practitioners have come under political attack. In this fascinating history spanning continents and centuries, historian David Wootton offers a lively defense of science, revealing why the Scientific Revolution was truly the greatest event in our history.
The Invention of Science goes back five hundred years in time to chronicle this crucial transformation, exploring the factors that led to its birth and the people who made it happen. Wootton argues that the Scientific Revolution was actually five separate yet concurrent events that developed independently, but came to intersect and create a new worldview. Here are the brilliant iconoclasts—Galileo, Copernicus, Brahe, Newton, and many more curious minds from across Europe—whose studies of the natural world challenged centuries of religious orthodoxy and ingrained superstition.
From gunpowder technology, the discovery of the new world, movable type printing, perspective painting, and the telescope to the practice of conducting experiments, the laws of nature, and the concept of the fact, Wotton shows how these discoveries codified into a social construct and a system of knowledge. Ultimately, he makes clear the link between scientific discovery and the rise of industrialization—and the birth of the modern world we know.

From Publishers Weekly
Oxford University zoologist Parker tackles one of biology's biggest mysteries in this nontechnical account. He provides a relatively simple explanation for the sudden explosion of life forms that defines the boundary between the pre-Cambrian and Cambrian eras approximately 543 million years ago: "The Cambrian explosion was triggered by the sudden evolution of vision" in simple organisms. In Parker's "Light Switch" theory, active predation became possible with the advent of vision, and prey species found themselves under extreme pressure to adapt in ways that would make them less likely to be spotted. New habitats opened as organisms were able to see their environment for the first time, and an enormous amount of specialization occurred as species differentiated. Parker claims that his theory is far more robust than previous attempts to explain the surge in diversity, even those most recently advanced by proponents of a snowball earth (the theory presented by Gabrielle Walker in Snowball Earth). In readable prose, Parker provides detailed information on the fossil record as well as a wealth of interesting material on the role light plays in environments and how vision operates across a host of species. Although at times his tangents are a bit distracting, Parker's book will bring his controversial ideas to the general public.

This book, geared toward academic researchers and graduate students, brings together research on all facets of how time and causality relate across the sciences. Time is fundamental to how we perceive and reason about causes. It lets us immediately rule out the sound of a car crash as its cause. That a cause happens before its effect has been a core, and often unquestioned, part of how we describe causality. Research across disciplines shows that the relationship is much more complex than that. This book explores what that means for both the metaphysics and epistemology of causes - what they are and how we can find them. Across psychology, biology, and the social sciences, common themes emerge, suggesting that time plays a critical role in our understanding. The increasing availability of large time series datasets allows us to ask new questions about causality, necessitating new methods for modeling dynamic systems and incorporating mechanistic information into causal models.

The ability to write clearly is critical to any scientific career. The Scientist's Guide to Writing provides practical advice to help scientists become more effective writers so that their ideas have the greatest possible impact.
Drawing on his own experience as a scientist, graduate adviser, and editor, Stephen Heard emphasizes that the goal of all scientific writing should be absolute clarity; that good writing takes deliberate practice; and that what many scientists need are not long lists of prescriptive rules but rather direct engagement with their behaviors and attitudes when they write. He combines advice on such topics as how to generate and maintain writing momentum with practical tips on structuring a scientific paper, revising a first draft, handling citations, responding to peer reviews, managing coauthorships, and more.
In an accessible, informal tone, The Scientist's Guide to Writing explains essential techniques that students, postdoctoral researchers, and early-career scientists need to write more clearly, efficiently, and easily.
Emphasizes writing as a process, not just a product
Encourages habits that improve motivation and productivity
Explains the structure of the scientific paper and the function of each part
Provides detailed guidance on submission, review, revision, and publication
Addresses issues related to coauthorship, English as a second language, and more

With over 225,000 copies in print, DK's Big Ideas series has struck a chord with readers fascinated-but also intimidated-by complex subjects like philosophy, psychology, politics, and religion.
The newest title in this successful and acclaimed series is The Science Book, an inventive visual take on astronomy, biology, chemistry, geology, and physics. With eye-catching artwork, step-by-step diagrams, and illustrations that break down complicated ideas into manageable concepts, The Science Book will have readers conversant in genetic engineering, black holes, and global warming in no time. Along the way are found mini-biographies of the most well-known scientists, and a glossary of helpful scientific terms.
For students, and students of the world, there is no better way to explore the fascinating, strange, and mysterious world of science than in The Science Book.

Everything you need to know about modern physics, the universe and our place in the world in seven enlightening lessons
'Here, on the edge of what we know, in contact with the ocean of the unknown, shines the mystery and the beauty of the world. And it's breathtaking'
These seven short lessons guide us, with simplicity and clarity, through the scientific revolution that shook physics in the twentieth century and still continues to shake us today. In this beautiful and mind-bending introduction to modern physics, Carlo Rovelli explains Einstein's theory of general relativity, quantum mechanics, black holes, the complex architecture of the universe, elementary particles, gravity, and the nature of the mind. In under eighty pages, readers will understand the most transformative scientific discoveries of the twentieth century and what they mean for us. Not since Richard Feynman's celebrated best-seller Six Easy Pieces has physics been so vividly, intelligently and entertainingly revealed.

A New York Times Bestseller
An eye-opening adventure deep inside the everyday materials that surround us, packed with surprising stories and fascinating science
Why is glass see-through? What makes elastic stretchy? Why does a paper clip bend? Why does any material look and behave the way it does? These are the sorts of questions that Mark Miodownik is constantly asking himself. A globally-renowned materials scientist, Miodownik has spent his life exploring objects as ordinary as an envelope and as unexpected as concrete cloth, uncovering the fascinating secrets that hold together our physical world.
In Stuff Matters, Miodownik entertainingly examines the materials he encounters in a typical morning, from the steel in his razor and the graphite in his pencil to the foam in his sneakers and the concrete in a nearby skyscraper. He offers a compendium of the most astounding histories and marvelous scientific breakthroughs in the material world, including:
The imprisoned alchemist who saved himself from execution by creating the first European porcelain.
The hidden gem of the Milky Way, a planet five times the size of Earth, made entirely of diamond.
Graphene, the thinnest, strongest, stiffest material in existence—only a single atom thick—that could be used to make entire buildings sensitive to touch.
From the teacup to the jet engine, the silicon chip to the paper clip, the plastic in our appliances to the elastic in our underpants, our lives are overflowing with materials. Full of enthralling tales of the miracles of engineering that permeate our lives, Stuff Matters will make you see stuff in a whole new way.

【编辑推荐】
我们有石器时代的情感，中世纪的组织，却有着神一样的技术，这是最可怕的事情。
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人与机器之间的边界，最危险之处并不在于机器能够变得多么像人，而在于人在多大意义上已经变得像机器——像机器一样只在规范之内定义自己，接受权威灌输和社会主流观念的潜移默化以及消费主义的各种操纵，而无力反思更高层面的问题。毕竟，人的自由意志能力，并不体现在他们愿意做什么，而体现在他们不愿意去做什么。
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★我们总是过分强调精神与观念的伟大，却常常忽视技术对人类这一物种根本性的塑造能力
——现代社会和现代文明是启蒙运动时代的大知识分子的思想缔造的，还是科技进步缔造的，抑或是在国家和国家间的竞争中缔造的？如果没有现代技术的加持，新教改革能否发生，启蒙运动能否发生，英国革命、法国革命和美国革命能否发生？
——当下流行的那些经典解释框架—自由主义、民族主义或者左翼思想，它们有多少成分是在第一、二次工业革命之前就发展出来的？在今天，它们还有多大的有效性？
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★以技术驱动为视角，从两千年人类历史长河中，选出14个历史关键时刻，洞察人类不可逆转的命运走向
——弩，如何扣动了中国大一统的扳机？——圣本笃会与现代资本主义有何关系？——如何看待技术型制度与信念型制度间的差异？——为什么说火枪的发明彻底改变了人类的命运和历史走向？
——为什么工业革命独独发生于英国？——为什么“光荣革命”的意义不只是立宪革命，更是一场“技术革命”与“资本革命”？
——铁路的发明跟威权政府之间是什么样的关系？——机枪的发明如何让20世纪世界格局重新洗牌？——核武器的发明如何改变“国家工厂”的模型？
——人与机器之间的边界是什么？我们是不是可以说，机器取代了传统的基因进化，是人类进化的新形式，称为一种更高效地改变人类“性状”的方式？——如何理解当下中国制造与世界的关系？
——为什么说在技术型社会中，人人平等，但技术专家却比其他人更“平等”，这是进入技术社会必然发生的事情？
……
作者积十数年之功，依凭规模庞大的知识基座，以技术发生为经线、人类攀爬技术天梯为纬线，导演了一场文明演进的大戏。
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★物种规律：一种崭新的观察世界史演进（人物/历史事件）的视角
——过去人类惯常的观察视角，要么是以具体的个人在具体时空的活动为出发点，要么是试图从历史发展脉络中提炼某个主义或历史规律。
——但本书以为，更有意义的视角不是提炼历史规律，而是提炼物种规律：人类作为一个物种的规律远超于历史学家们熟悉的帝王将相史、文明史或思想史。
——在政治精英和文化精英之外，农夫、工匠和商贩们代表的庞大却易遭忽视的底层物质力量，必须得到反馈。
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★刘擎、吴国盛、吴思、刘苏里、张树新都被书中的洞见打动
本书以丰富的实例技术发展与社会演化的互动历程，学识渊博，语言和思想皆雄辩有力，既晓畅易懂，又洞见灵现。
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技术是人类意志的延伸，几乎内化于人的本质。人类处理与技术的关系，约等于处理人类自己——层级累进、彼此缠绕、相生相克，其重要程度不言而喻。人类度过幼年、少年、成年期后，不免反思“技术进步”的结果，争论可想而知。而一项论述得以成立，核心环节是提出正确的问题；进而解决这个问题，表明该项论述是成功的。
同时完成两项任务的作品并不多；而洞见迭出的论述，从来可遇不可求。作者积十数年之功，依凭规模庞大的知识基座，以技术发生为经线、人类攀爬技术天梯为纬线，导演了一场文明演进的大戏，波澜壮阔，令人叹为观止。“叹为观止”，引发讨论和争议乃题中之义。我期待接下来的讨论和争议。
——刘苏里 万圣书园创办人
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青年政治学家张笑宇讲述了一个关于技术与文明的故事。他打破了专业铁笼的束缚，进入跨学科的“汇流”视野，来探究技术发展与社会演化的互动历程。从细致的个案考察中呈现时而令人惊奇的发现，从而阐发独到而宏阔的分析思考。
这是一个妙趣横生、充满真知灼见而发人深省的故事，甚至是一个动人的故事。最终，这是关于我们的时代与未来的故事。
——刘擎 华东师范大学教授
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远行归来，没想到竟一口气读完《技术与文明》。本书实例丰富，洞见灵现，令人甚为惊艳，有一种几年前读尤瓦尔•赫拉利《人类简史》时的酣畅漓淋感！虽然有些思考，比如关于数字化和人工智能与未来社会的关系、中国发展与世界关系，似可再进一步深入和展开，但能在当下读到一本由中文青年作者原创、以技术驱动为视角且学识渊博的《人类群星闪耀时》，已殊为不易，可喜。
——张树新 阿拉善SEE生态公益学院院长 中国互联网产业奠基人之一
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【内容简介】
历史学家只能等待重大事件发生后再去记录，但技术早已为重大事件在什么时间以怎样的形式发生埋下了伏笔。
本书以技术驱动为视角，从几千年历史长河中筛选出14个关键历史时刻，洞察人类社会不可逆转的命运走向：
——弩，如何扣动了中国大一统的扳机？
——圣本笃会与现代资本主义有何关系？
——如何看待技术型制度与信念型制度间的差异？
——为什么说火枪的发明彻底改变了人类的命运和历史走向？
——为什么工业革命独独发生于英国？为什么“光荣革命”的意义不只是立宪革命，更是一场“技术革命”与“资本革命”？
——铁路的发明跟威权政府之间是什么样的关系？机枪的发明如何让20世纪世界格局重新洗牌？
——核武器的发明如何改变“国家工厂”的模型？
——人与机器之间的边界是什么？我们是不是可以说，机器取代了传统的基因进化，是人类进化的新形式，称为一种更高效地改变人类“性状”的方式？
——如何理解当下中国制造与世界的关系？
——为什么说在技术型社会中，人人平等，但技术专家却比其他人更“平等”，这是进入技术社会必然发生的事情？
…………
作者积十数年之功，依凭规模庞大的知识基座，以技术发生为经线、人类攀爬技术天梯为纬线，导演了一场文明演进的大戏。
我们总是过分强调精神与观念的伟大，却忽视技术对人类这一物种根本性的塑造能力。技术如同一道地平线，每增高一分，人类文明的图景就被改变一分；如今，技术把我们带到了一个从未想象过的运行规模和层面，世界正在发生缓慢而坚定的转变，无论是古代的伟大思想家，还是近代的启蒙运动先驱者，从未有人明确告诉我们该如何组织社会，如何与技术的力量共存，一切只能由我们自己摸索。

Isaac Newton's "Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms Amended", published in 1728, one year after the great man's death, unleashed a storm of controversy. And for good reason. The book presents a drastically revised timeline for ancient civilizations, contracting Greek history by five hundred years and Egypt's by a millennium. "Newton and the Origin of Civilization" tells the story of how one of the most celebrated figures in the history of mathematics, optics, and mechanics came to apply his unique ways of thinking to problems of history, theology, and mythology, and of how his radical ideas produced an uproar that reverberated in Europe's learned circles throughout the eighteenth century and beyond. Jed Buchwald and Mordechai Feingold reveal the manner in which Newton strove for nearly half a century to rectify universal history by reading ancient texts through the lens of astronomy, and to create a tight theoretical system for interpreting the evolution of civilization on the basis of population dynamics. It was during Newton's earliest years at Cambridge that he developed the core of his singular method for generating and working with trustworthy knowledge, which he applied to his study of the past with the same rigor he brought to his work in physics and mathematics. Drawing extensively on Newton's unpublished papers and a host of other primary sources, Buchwald and Feingold reconcile Isaac Newton the rational scientist with Newton the natural philosopher, alchemist, theologian, and chronologist of ancient history.

The Oxford Handbook of the History of Physics brings together cutting-edge writing by more than twenty leading authorities on the history of physics from the seventeenth century to the present day. By presenting a wide diversity of studies in a single volume, it provides authoritative introductions to scholarly contributions that have tended to be dispersed in journals and books not easily accessible to the general reader. While the core thread remains the theories and experimental practices of physics, the Handbook contains chapters on other dimensions that have their place in any rounded history. These include the role of lecturing and textbooks in the communication of knowledge, the contribution of instrument-makers and instrument-making companies in providing for the needs of both research and lecture demonstrations, and the growing importance of the many interfaces between academic physics, industry, and the military.

In 1799, a French Army officer was rebuilding the defenses of a fort on the banks of the Nile when he discovered an ancient stele fragment bearing a decree inscribed in three different scripts. So begins one of the most familiar tales in Egyptology—that of the Rosetta Stone and the decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs. This book draws on fresh archival evidence to provide a major new account of how the English polymath Thomas Young and the French philologist Jean-François Champollion vied to be the first to solve the riddle of the Rosetta.
Jed Buchwald and Diane Greco Josefowicz bring to life a bygone age of intellectual adventure. Much more than a decoding exercise centered on a single artifact, the race to decipher the Rosetta Stone reflected broader disputes about language, historical evidence, biblical truth, and the value of classical learning. Buchwald and Josefowicz paint compelling portraits of Young and Champollion, two gifted intellects with altogether different motivations. Young disdained Egyptian culture and saw Egyptian writing as a means to greater knowledge about Greco-Roman antiquity. Champollion, swept up in the political chaos of Restoration France and fiercely opposed to the scholars aligned with throne and altar, admired ancient Egypt and was prepared to upend conventional wisdom to solve the mystery of the hieroglyphs.
Taking readers from the hushed lecture rooms of the Institut de France to the windswept monuments of the Valley of the Kings, The Riddle of the Rosetta reveals the untold story behind one of the nineteenth century’s most thrilling discoveries.

Newton studies have undergone radical changes in the last half-century as more of his work has been uncovered and more details of his life and intellectual context have come to light. This volume singles out two strands in recent Newton studies: the intellectual background to Newton's scientific thought and both specific and general aspects of his technical science. The essays make new claims concerning Newton's mathematical methods, experimental investigations, and motivations, as well as the effect that his long presence had on science in England.The book is divided into two parts. The essays in part I shed new light on Newton's motivations and the sources of his method. The essays in part II explore Newton's mathematical philosophy and his development of rational mechanics and celestial dynamics. An appendix includes the last paper by Newton biographer Richard W. Westfall, examining some of the ways that mathematics came to be used in the age of Newton in pursuits and domains other than theoretical or rational mechanics.