移民
移民、户籍与宗族 豆瓣
作者: 郑锐达 生活·读书·新知三联书店 2009 - 3
《移民、户籍与宗族:清代至民国期间江西袁州府地区研究》主要内容:以往的研究者多将明清里(图)甲视之为一套赋税征收体系或国家对地方控制的基层组织,《移民、户籍与宗族:清代至民国期间江西袁州府地区研究》以一个清代移民地区——江西袁州府作为研究对象,致力于探讨里(图)甲组织对地方社会的意义及其动态发展;结果发现,里(图)甲组织除了在税收上起了重大作用外,它更是一套划分社会界线,表明权利及身份的机制。袁州府原有旧户就是利用这套机制,将外来移民长期置于一个固定的户类别(“客籍”)之中,使外来移民无论在社会地位、晋升机会和享有的权利各方面都比不上土著旧户。换句话说,袁州府土著旧户借着操纵地方里(图)甲组织,实现对外来移民的排斥和控制。
但是,外来移民并非完全被动地受土著旧户压制。从一些个案可见,外来移民是有能力利用多种方法突破土著的封锁取得户籍(或一般民籍)的。组成一些“大宗族”或“高层次宗族”就是移民获取户籍(或一般民籍)的一种有效手段。外来移民能够灵活地经营宗族组织,不但使他们取得户籍,也令他们在地方社会中的影响力和地位得到提升。
The Emigrants 豆瓣 谷歌图书
作者: W. G. Sebald 译者: Michael Hulse New Directions 1997 - 9
Among the greatest and most moving achievements of contemporary German writing"(Rheinischer Merkur), the four long narratives in W. G. Sebald's The Emigrants appear at first sight to be straightforward biographies of four Germans in exile. But Sebald has wrought something altogether new. Illustrated throughout with enigmatic photographs, it is an astonishingly beautiful book -- "one of the best novels to appear since WWII" (Review of Contemporary Fiction).The Emigrants was chosen three times -- by Susan Sontag, Tariq Ali, and A.S. Byatt -- in the London Times Literary Supplement as the 1996 International Book of the Year. Susan Sontag wrote: "W.G. Sebald's The Emigrants is the most extraordinary, thrilling new book I've read this year...indeed for several years. It is like nothing I've ever read...I know of no book which conveys more about that complex fate, being a European at the end of European civilization. I know of few books written in our time but this is one which attains the sublime".