We the Corporations chronicles the revelatory story of one of the most successful, yet least known, “civil rights movements” in American history.
We the Corporations chronicles the astonishing story of one of the most successful yet least well-known “civil rights movements” in American history. Hardly oppressed like women and minorities, business corporations, too, have fought since the nation’s earliest days to gain equal rights under the Constitution―and today have nearly all the same rights as ordinary people.
Exposing the historical origins of Citizens United and Hobby Lobby, Adam Winkler explains how those controversial Supreme Court decisions extending free speech and religious liberty to corporations were the capstone of a centuries-long struggle over corporate personhood and constitutional protections for business. Beginning his account in the colonial era, Winkler reveals the profound influence corporations had on the birth of democracy and on the shape of the Constitution itself. Once the Constitution was ratified, corporations quickly sought to gain the rights it guaranteed. The first Supreme Court case on the rights of corporations was decided in 1809, a half-century before the first comparable cases on the rights of African Americans or women. Ever since, corporations have waged a persistent and remarkably fruitful campaign to win an ever-greater share of individual rights.
Although corporations never marched on Washington, they employed many of the same strategies of more familiar civil rights struggles: civil disobedience, test cases, and novel legal claims made in a purposeful effort to reshape the law. Indeed, corporations have often been unheralded innovators in constitutional law, and several of the individual rights Americans hold most dear were first secured in lawsuits brought by businesses.
Winkler enlivens his narrative with a flair for storytelling and a colorful cast of characters: among others, Daniel Webster, America’s greatest advocate, who argued some of the earliest corporate rights cases on behalf of his business clients; Roger Taney, the reviled Chief Justice, who surprisingly fought to limit protections for corporations―in part to protect slavery; and Roscoe Conkling, a renowned politician who deceived the Supreme Court in a brazen effort to win for corporations the rights added to the Constitution for the freed slaves. Alexander Hamilton, Teddy Roosevelt, Huey Long, Ralph Nader, Louis Brandeis, and even Thurgood Marshall all played starring roles in the story of the corporate rights movement.
In this heated political age, nothing can be timelier than Winkler’s tour de force, which shows how America’s most powerful corporations won our most fundamental rights and turned the Constitution into a weapon to impede the regulation of big business.

Nie zuvor war unsere Zukunft so sehr mit China verknüpft wie heute. Und das nicht nur im Hinblick auf unsere Arbeitsplätze und unser wirtschaftliches Wohlergehen, sondern auch auf unsere Art zu leben und die Bewahrung des Weltfriedens. Zugleich erscheint uns das ferne Riesenreich seltsam fremd und undurchschaubar. Mit seinem ebenso tiefschürfenden wie hochaktuellen Porträt des Volkes, das wir kein anderes die Welt von morgen prägen wird, legt das deutsch-chinesische Autorenpaar ein unverzichtbares Standardwerk zum Verständnis der Chinesen vor. <br /><br />"Ein mutiges Buch. Ein Psychogramm einer ganzen Nation von 1,4 Milliarden Menschen zu erstellen, ist keine leichte Aufgabe. Die Autoren meistern sie mit beeindruckender Kenntnis udn dem Mut, auch sicher geglaubte Einschätzungen kräftig gegen den Strich zu bürsten".<br />Eberhard Sandschneider; Professor für Politik Chinas und internationale Beziehungen, FU Berlin <br /><br />"Dieses Buch ist für alle, die in China Geschäfte machen wollen, eine lehrreiche, aber auch spannende Lektüre und die umfassendste Darstellung von Land und Leuten, die ich kenne."<br />Heinrich von Pierer; langjähriger Vorstandsvorsitzender von Siemens<br /><br />"Ein Buch, das für kontroverse und fruchtbare Diskussionen sorgen kann"<br />Jörg Wuttke; langjähriger Präsident der Europäischen Handelskammer in China

这本书收集了约60道算法和程序设计题目，这些题目大部分在近年的笔试、面试中出现过，或者是被微软员工热烈讨论过。作者试图从书中各种有趣的问题出发，引导读者发现问题，分析问题，解决问题，寻找更优的解法。本书的内容分为下面几个部分：
（1）游戏之乐：从游戏和其他有趣问题出发，化繁为简，分析总结。
（2）数字之魅：编程的过程实际上就是和数字及字符打交道的过程。这一部分收集了一些好玩的对数字进行处理的题目。
（3）结构之法：汇集了常见的对字符串、链表、队列，以及树等进行操作的题目。
（4）数学之趣：列举了一些不需要写具体程序的数学问题，锻炼读者的抽象思维能力。
书中绝大部分题目都提供了详细的解说。 每道题目后面还有一至两道扩展问题，供读者进一步钻研。
书中还讲述了面试的各种小故事，告诉读者微软需要什么样的技术人才，重视什么样的能力，如何甄别人才。回答读者关于IT业面试，招聘，职业发展的疑问。这本书的很多题目会出现在IT 行业的各种笔试、面试中，但这本书更深层的意义在于引导读者思考，和读者共享思考之乐，编程之美。

This book introduces students with little or no prior programming experience to the art of computational problem solving using Python and various Python libraries, including PyLab. It provides students with skills that will enable them to make productive use of computational techniques, including some of the tools and techniques of "data science" for using computation to model and interpret data. The book is based on an MIT course (which became the most popular course offered through MIT's OpenCourseWare) and was developed for use not only in a conventional classroom but in in a massive open online course (or MOOC) offered by the pioneering MIT--Harvard collaboration edX. Students are introduced to Python and the basics of programming in the context of such computational concepts and techniques as exhaustive enumeration, bisection search, and efficient approximation algorithms. The book does not require knowledge of mathematics beyond high school algebra, but does assume that readers are comfortable with rigorous thinking and not intimidated by mathematical concepts. Although it covers such traditional topics as computational complexity and simple algorithms, the book focuses on a wide range of topics not found in most introductory texts, including information visualization, simulations to model randomness, computational techniques to understand data, and statistical techniques that inform (and misinform) as well as two related but relatively advanced topics: optimization problems and dynamic programming. Introduction to Computation and Programming Using Python can serve as a stepping-stone to more advanced computer science courses, or as a basic grounding in computational problem solving for students in other disciplines.

Bestselling Programming Tutorial and Reference Completely Rewritten for the New C++11 Standard
Now fully updated and recast for the newly released C++11 standard, this authoritative and comprehensive introduction to C++ will help you to learn the language fast, and to use it in modern, highly effective ways. Highlighting today’s best practices, the authors show how to use both the core language and its standard library to write code that is more efficient, readable, and powerful.
C++ Primer, Fifth Edition, introduces the C++ standard library from the outset, drawing on its common functions and facilities to help you write useful programs without first having to master every language detail. Examples take advantage of the library to explain language features and demonstrate how to make the best use of them. A proven tutorial for those new to C++, the authors’ authoritative discussion of core C++ concepts and techniques also make the book a valuable resource for experienced programmers, especially those eager to see C++11 enhancements illuminated.
Start Fast and Achieve More
* Learn how to use the C++11 Standard Library and new language features to quickly build robust programs, and get comfortable with high-level programming
* Learn through examples that illuminate today’s best coding styles and program design techniques
* Understand the “rationale behind the rules”: why C++11 works as it does
* Use the extensive cross-references to help you connect related concepts and insights
* Benefit from up-to-date learning aids and exercises that emphasize key points, help you to avoid pitfalls, promote good practices, and reinforce what you’ve learned
Access the source code for the extended examples as it becomes available at informit.com/title/0321714113.

Learn how to write idiomatic, effective Python code by leveraging its best features. Python's simplicity quickly lets you become productive with it, but this often means you aren’t using everything the language has to offer. By taking you through Python’s key language features and libraries, this practical book shows you how to make your code shorter, faster, and more readable all at the same time—what experts consider Pythonic.
Many programmers who learn Python basics fall into the trap of reinventing the wheel because of past experience in other languages, and try to bend the language to patterns that don't really apply to it. Author Luciano Ramalho, a Python Software Foundation member and Python programmer for 15 years, helps you drop your accent from another language so you can code Python fluently.
•Learn practical applications of generators for database processing
•Rethink some design patterns in a Python context
•Examine attribute descriptors and when to use them: the key to ORMs
•Explore Pythonic objects: protocols versus interfaces, abstract base classes and multiple inheritance

A Turing Award-winning computer scientist and statistician shows how understanding causality has revolutionized science and will revolutionize artificial intelligence
"Correlation is not causation." This mantra, chanted by scientists for more than a century, has led to a virtual prohibition on causal talk. Today, that taboo is dead. The causal revolution, instigated by Judea Pearl and his colleagues, has cut through a century of confusion and established causality--the study of cause and effect--on a firm scientific basis. His work explains how we can know easy things, like whether it was rain or a sprinkler that made a sidewalk wet; and how to answer hard questions, like whether a drug cured an illness. Pearl's work enables us to know not just whether one thing causes another: it lets us explore the world that is and the worlds that could have been. It shows us the essence of human thought and key to artificial intelligence. Anyone who wants to understand either needs The Book of Why.

The first comprehensive account of the growing dominance of the intangible economy
Early in the twenty-first century, a quiet revolution occurred. For the first time, the major developed economies began to invest more in intangible assets, like design, branding, R&D, and software, than in tangible assets, like machinery, buildings, and computers. For all sorts of businesses, from tech firms and pharma companies to coffee shops and gyms, the ability to deploy assets that one can neither see nor touch is increasingly the main source of long-term success.
But this is not just a familiar story of the so-called new economy. Capitalism without Capital shows that the growing importance of intangible assets has also played a role in some of the big economic changes of the last decade. The rise of intangible investment is, Jonathan Haskel and Stian Westlake argue, an underappreciated cause of phenomena from economic inequality to stagnating productivity.
Haskel and Westlake bring together a decade of research on how to measure intangible investment and its impact on national accounts, showing the amount different countries invest in intangibles, how this has changed over time, and the latest thinking on how to assess this. They explore the unusual economic characteristics of intangible investment, and discuss how these features make an intangible-rich economy fundamentally different from one based on tangibles.
Capitalism without Capital concludes by presenting three possible scenarios for what the future of an intangible world might be like, and by outlining how managers, investors, and policymakers can exploit the characteristics of an intangible age to grow their businesses, portfolios, and economies.

Algorithms are at the heart of every nontrivial computer application, and algorithmics is a modern and active area of computer science. Every computer scientist and every professional programmer should know about the basic algorithmic toolbox: structures that allow efficient organization and retrieval of data, frequently used algorithms, and basic techniques for modeling, understanding and solving algorithmic problems.
This book is a concise introduction addressed to students and professionals familiar with programming and basic mathematical language. Individual chapters cover arrays and linked lists, hash tables and associative arrays, sorting and selection, priority queues, sorted sequences, graph representation, graph traversal, shortest paths, minimum spanning trees, and optimization. The algorithms are presented in a modern way, with explicitly formulated invariants, and comment on recent trends such as algorithm engineering, memory hierarchies, algorithm libraries and certifying algorithms. The authors use pictures, words and high-level pseudocode to explain the algorithms, and then they present more detail on efficient implementations using real programming languages like C++ and Java.
The authors have extensive experience teaching these subjects to undergraduates and graduates, and they offer a clear presentation, with examples, pictures, informal explanations, exercises, and some linkage to the real world. Most chapters have the same basic structure: a motivation for the problem, comments on the most important applications, and then simple solutions presented as informally as possible and as formally as necessary. For the more advanced issues, this approach leads to a more mathematical treatment, including some theorems and proofs. Finally, each chapter concludes with a section on further findings, providing views on the state of research, generalizations and advanced solutions.

Everyone talks about style, but no one explains it. The authors of this book do; and in doing so, they provoke the reader to consider style, not as an elegant accessory of effective prose, but as its very heart. At a time when writing skills have virtually disappeared, what can be done? If only people learned the principles of verbal correctness, the essential rules, wouldn't good prose simply fall into place? Thomas and Turner say no. Attending to rules of grammar, sense, and sentence structure will no more lead to effective prose than knowing the mechanics of a golf swing will lead to a hole-in-one. Furthermore, ten-step programs to better writing exacerbate the problem by failing to recognize, as Thomas and Turner point out, that there are many styles with different standards. In the first half of "Clear and Simple", the authors introduce a range of styles - reflexive, practical, plain, contemplative, romantic, prophetic, and others - contrasting them to classic style. Its principles are simple: The writer adopts the pose that the motive is truth, the purpose is presentation, the reader is an intellectual equal, and the occasion is informal. Classic style is at home in everything from business memos to personal letters, from magazine articles to university writing. The second half of the book is a tour of examples - the exquisite and the execrable - showing what has worked and what hasn't. Classic prose is found everywhere: from Thomas Jefferson to Junichiro Tanizaki, from Mark Twain to the observations of an undergraduate. Here are many fine performances in classic style, each clear and simple as the truth.