The film tells about China, the liberation struggle of the Chinese people, the proclamation of the People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949, the transformation of the country after the victory of the Communists led by Mao Zedong, the elimination of illiteracy, the restoration of the economy destroyed during the civil war, the signing in Moscow of the Treaty of Friendship, Union and Mutual Assistance between the USSR and the PRC.

本片是由苏联和中国电影工作者联合摄制的一部较全面反映中国地理、历史、文化以及近百年来中国人民争自由、求解放进行革命斗争，取得胜利的第一部彩色纪录影片。着重描述了中国共产党建立后，领导中国人民与封建势力、帝国主义进行斗争的新中国的诞生。 建国之初，家园残破、百废待兴。中国人民热烈响应中国共产党的号召，以高度的劳动热情，为祖国走上富强之路，为保卫世界和平而努力奋斗。解放了的中国人民以坚定的步伐从胜利，走向胜利。 摄制者的足迹遍及解放了的中国大地，敏锐及时地捕捉了新中国的崭新面貌和种种变化。