在发现澳大利亚的黑天鹅之前，欧洲人认为天鹅都是白色的，“黑天鹅”曾经是欧洲人言谈与写作中的惯用语，用来指不可能存在的事物，但这个不可动摇的信念随着第一只黑天鹅的出现而崩溃。
黑天鹅的存在寓意着不可预测的重大稀有事件，它在意料之外，却又改变一切。人类总是过度相信经验，而不知道一只黑天鹅的出现就足以颠覆一切。然而，无论是在对股市的预期，还是政府的决策中，黑天鹅都是无法预测的。“9•11”事件、美国的次级贷危机、中国的雪灾，都是如此。
生活中，随机性随处可见，在资本市场也是一样。人们总是以自己有限的生活经验和不堪一击的信念来解释不可预测的事件；即便是精于算计的专业人士，也难保不被随机性愚弄，其实我们应该做的是顺应这种不可知的未来。这本书会教你改变自己的思维方式，把握黑天鹅带来的机会，采取应对策略，从中受益。

在发现澳大利亚的黑天鹅之前，欧洲人认为天鹅都是白色的，黑天鹅曾经是他们言谈和写作中的惯用语，用来指不可能存在的事物，但是当*只黑天鹅出现时，这个不可动摇的信念崩溃了，黑天鹅的存在，预示着不可预测的重大稀有事件，它们常常带来意料之外的重大冲击，但是人们总是视而不见，并且习惯于自己有限的生活经验和不堪一击的信念来解释它们，*终被现实击溃。

From the New York Times bestselling author of The Black Swan, a bold new work that challenges many of our long-held beliefs about risk and reward, politics and religion, finance and personal responsibility
In his most provocative and practical book yet, one of the foremost thinkers of our time redefines what it means to understand the world, succeed in a profession, contribute to a fair and just society, detect nonsense, and influence others. Citing examples ranging from Hammurabi to Seneca, Antaeus the Giant to Donald Trump, Nassim Nicholas Taleb shows how the willingness to accept one’s own risks is an essential attribute of heroes, saints, and flourishing people in all walks of life.
As always both accessible and iconoclastic, Taleb challenges long-held beliefs about the values of those who spearhead military interventions, make financial investments, and propagate religious faiths. Among his insights:
• For social justice, focus on symmetry and risk sharing. You cannot make profits and transfer the risks to others, as bankers and large corporations do. You cannot get rich without owning your own risk and paying for your own losses. Forcing skin in the game corrects this asymmetry better than thousands of laws and regulations.
• Ethical rules aren’t universal. You’re part of a group larger than you, but it’s still smaller than humanity in general.
• Minorities, not majorities, run the world. The world is not run by consensus but by stubborn minorities imposing their tastes and ethics on others.
• You can be an intellectual yet still be an idiot. “Educated philistines” have been wrong on everything from Stalinism to Iraq to low-carb diets.
• Beware of complicated solutions (that someone was paid to find). A simple barbell can build muscle better than expensive new machines.
• True religion is commitment, not just faith. How much you believe in something is manifested only by what you’re willing to risk for it.
The phrase “skin in the game” is one we have often heard but rarely stopped to truly dissect. It is the backbone of risk management, but it’s also an astonishingly complex worldview that, as Taleb shows in this book, applies to all aspects of our lives.