This important study of semantic change examines how new meanings arise through language use, especially the various ways in which speakers and writers experiment with uses of words and constructions in the flow of strategic interaction with addressees. There has been growing interest in exploring systemicities in semantic change from a number of perspectives including theories of metaphor, pragmatic inferencing, and grammaticalization. Like earlier studies, these have for the most part been based on data taken out of context. This book is a detailed examination of semantic change from the perspective of historical pragmatics and discourse analysis. Drawing on extensive corpus data from over a thousand years of English and Japanese textual history, Traugott and Dasher show that most changes in meaning originate in and are motivated by the associative flow of speech and conceptual metonymy.

Vyvyan Evans covers all aspects of the relationship between language and mind, as well as applications and extensions of cognitive linguistics to the study of text, literature, discourse, and society.
Bursting with new content and presented in a new 5-part structure, the book has been fully revised and extensively updated throughout to deliver the complete guide to the cognitive linguistic enterprise. Brand new additions include: an innovative new chapter exploring key topics in language science, a new chapter introducing the range of research methods and approaches for studying human language, mind and behaviour and new chapters exploring areas such as access semantics and meaning construction, conceptual structure, the nature of space, time, gesture and sign language.

Recent years have seen a revolution in our knowledge of how children learn to think and speak. In this volume, leading scholars from these rapidly evolving fields of research examine the relationship between child language acquisition and cognitive development. At first sight, advances in the two areas seem to have moved in opposing directions: the study of language acquisition has been especially concerned with diversity, explaining how children learn languages of widely different types, while the study of cognitive development has focused on uniformity, clarifying how children build on fundamental, presumably universal concepts. This book brings these two vital strands of investigation into close dialogue, suggesting a synthesis in which the process of language acquisition may interact with early cognitive development. It provides empirical contributions based on a variety of languages, populations and ages, and theoretical discussions that cut across the disciplines of psychology, linguistics and anthropology.

本书共7个章节，结合日语教育一线的实例对日语语言如何与母语说话者的认知方式相结合、其具有什么样的特征、在其他母语说话者眼中是如何反馈的等问题展开具体的讨论。

This book investigates the nature of generalization in language and examines how language is known by adults and acquired by children. It looks at how and why constructions are learned, the relation between their forms and functions, and how cross-linguistic and language-internal generalizations about them can be explained. Constructions at Work is divided into three parts: in the first Professor Goldberg provides an overview of constructionist approaches, including the constructionist approach to argument structure, and argues for a usage-based model of grammar. In Part II she addresses issues concerning how generalizations are constrained and constructional generalizations are learned. In Part III the author shows that a combination of function and processing accounts for a wide range of language-internal and cross-linguistic generalizations. She then considers the degree to which the function of constructions explains their distribution and examines cross-linguistic tendencies in argument realization. She demonstrates that pragmatic and cognitive processes account for the data without appeal to stipulations that are language-specific.This book is an important contribution to the study of how language operates in the mind and in the world and how these operations relate. It is of central interest for scholars and graduate-level students in all branches of theoretical linguistics and psycholinguistics. It will also appeal to cognitive scientists and philosophers concerned with language and its acquisition.

" The Way We Think is a dazzling tour of the complexities of human imagination."--George Lakoff, co-author of Philosophy in the Flesh and Where Mathematics Comes From . In its first two decades, much of cognitive science focused on such mental functions as memory, learning, symbolic thought, and language acquisition--the functions in which the human mind most closely resembles a computer. But humans are more than computers, and the cutting-edge research in cognitive science is increasingly focused on the more mysterious, creative aspects of the mind. The Way We Think is a landmark synthesis that exemplifies this new direction. The theory of conceptual blending is already widely known in laboratories throughout the world; this book is its definitive statement. Gilles Fauconnier and Mark Turner argue that all learning and all thinking consist of blends of metaphors based on simple bodily experiences. These blends are then themselves blended together into an increasingly rich structure that makes up our mental functioning in modern society. A child's entire development consists of learning and navigating these blends. The Way We Think shows how this blending operates; how it is affected by (and gives rise to) language, identity, and concept of category; and the rules by which we use blends to understand ideas that are new to us. The result is a bold, exciting, and accessible new view of how the mind works.

Linguistic relativity is the claim that culture, through language, affects the way in which we think, and especially our classification of the experienced world. This book reexamines ideas about linguistic relativity in the light of new evidence and changes in theoretical climate. Parts I and II address the classical issues in the relation between thought and language, and the extent of linguistic and cultural universals. Parts III and IV show how changes in our understanding of meaning require that we look at how context enters into interpretation, and how context is constituted in social interaction. The editors have provided a substantial introduction which examines changes in thinking about the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis in the light of developments in anthropology, linguistics, and cognitive science; and also introductions to each section which will be of especial use to students.

《眼动研究心理学导论:揭开心灵之窗奥秘的神奇科学》对眼动分析法在心理学研究中的应用进行了详细而又系统的介绍。《眼动研究心理学导论:揭开心灵之窗奥秘的神奇科学》共分10章：第一章从眼动的基础知识入手，介绍人的视觉和眼动的基本模式；第二章对眼动记录方法的发展和现状进行了评述；第三章介绍阅读的眼动过程；第四章主要介绍眼动控制中的眼跳；第五章主要介绍以眼动为指标的阅读理解过程的研究成果；第六章介绍国内外中文阅读的眼动研究成果；第七章介绍眼动在图画观看、视觉搜索和模式识别中的研究成果；第八章对真实情景知觉的眼动研究进行介绍；第九章阐述用眼动指标研究其他心理活动的情况，如视错觉、双关图形、问题解决、个性特征等；第十章综述应用心理学的眼动研究。此外，本书还设有知识栏、推荐读物、眼动名著简介、眼动名人堂、眼动研究大事记、眼动研究专业词汇、2000年以来的研究生眼动论文目录，增加了本书的趣味性、可读性和工具性。 眼动研究心理学导论：揭开心灵之窗奥秘的神奇科学》可供大专院校心理学专业的本科生、研究生和从事眼动研究的人员阅读和参考，对从事广告业、网页设计、可用性测试领域的工作者也具有一定的参考价值。

Combining up-to-date scholarship with clear and accessible language and helpful exercises, Metaphor: A Practical Introduction is an invaluable resource for all readers interested in metaphor. This second edition includes two new chapters-on 'metaphors in discourse' and 'metaphor and emotion'-along with new exercises, responses to criticism and recent developments in the field, and revised student exercises, tables, and figures.

本书研究了语言范畴化中的一个重要组成部分——语言非范畴化。非范畴化是语言创新与发展的重要的认知方法和过程，尤其在起始或中间阶段更加突出。语法化研究中的非范畴化原则与本书中的非范畴化的关系是部分与整体的关系。前者包含在后者之中，但并不是所有的非范畴化现象都会产生语法化。非范畴化既是一个语言过程，也是一个认知过程。非范畴化和范畴化构成一个有机的整体，就像一个硬币的两个面，反映出思维的创造性和动态特征。　　本书提出并论证了用非范畴化思想来解释功能多义性问题是比较切实可行的，非范畴化产生功能多义性的观点能够充分有效地解释语言现实中许多棘手的问题，为理论建设的深入提供一种新的思路和途径。同时，它在语言教学、词典编撰等领域也有较大的实际意义。本书研究的问题大部分都被视为“非理想”的语言事实。本书表明，在语言学理论建设中，将语言事实区分为理想的和“非理想的”是值得商榷的；相反，“非理想的”语言事实对理论建设的深入具有不可估量的意义，能够使理论假设的内在逻辑性与可信性实现有机的结合。

在各种语言中，情态词、连接词、条件词、知觉动词恐怕都是最生动、也是最难以把握其意义的词类。其意义的多歧性不仅困扰语言学家，也困扰分析哲学家。尽管如此，Eve E.Sweetser的论述仍然向我们证实了它们是可以被分析，而且可以是成系统的分析。
语义关系并非独立于人类的认知结构之外，包括这种结构的隐喻与文化方面。无论是词汇的多义性还是语用的含糊性，都会通过认知和言语过程的作用，为世俗的隐喻方式所定型。本书从多义现象入手，将这类特殊的词置于印欧语系的历史之下来探讨其语义结构的变化，提示了隐喻和文化在语认结构演变中的角色。
本书也将吸引那些从事认知科学与隐喻、哲学研究的学者。

20世纪50年代，第一代认知科学产生于先验哲学世界观。1975年，莱考夫提出心智的亲身性，开始创立与认知科学和神经科学一致的认知语言学，由此形成基于实证立场的第二代认知科学。
本书根据人类的范畴化以及认知模式研究，阐述了新的“经验主义”。第一册“超越机器的心智”，包括范畴与认知模式、哲学的启示两大部分；第二册“实例研究”论证了采用经验主义方法可以做些什么。基于多学科成果，作者对古希腊以来流行于西方的思维和理性的经典观念，即 “客观主义”展开批判，对心智和语言哲学中的关键问题加以述评，展示了认知科学的跨学科研究范式。
作为认知科学领域的一座里程碑，本书为我们打开了一扇进一步观察心智和语言奥秘的窗口……

陆序
冯序
一、计算理论和语言研究
计算语言学的理论方法和研究取向
基于统计的语言处理模型的有用性和局限性
认知科学和汉语计算语言学
面向当代科技的语言研究的理论和方法
二、论元结构和描述框架
论元角色的层级关系和语义特征
一套汉语动词的论元角色的语法指标
汉语谓词的论元结构的描述框架
论元结构和句式结构互动的动因、机制和条件——表达精细化对动词配价和句式构造的影响
三、信息抽取和语义标注
信息抽取的语义知识资源研究
用动词的论元结构跟事件模板相匹配——一种由动词驱动的信息抽取方法
用逻辑和篇章知识来约束模板匹配——逻辑结构和篇章结构知识在信息抽取中的运用
基于论元结构的语义标注的体系和规范
新闻语体真实文本的语义标注的实践
四、专题研究和个案分析
容器隐喻和套件隐喻及相关的语法现象——词语同现限制的认知解释和计算分析
关于分词规范和规范词表的若干意见
中文信息处理中的语言难题问答
缓冲式移动通信及其发展方向 ——一个语言学家的设计思想
走向多层面互动的汉语研究
五、附录
赵元任先生评传
朱德熙先生评传
后记

People use metaphors every time they speak. Some of those metaphors are literary - devices for making thoughts more vivid or entertaining. But most are much more basic than that - they're "metaphors we live by", metaphors we use without even realizing we're using them. In this book, George Lakoff and Mark Johnson suggest that these basic metaphors not only affect the way we communicate ideas, but actually structure our perceptions and understandings from the beginning. Bringing together the perspectives of linguistics and philosophy, Lakoff and Johnson offer an intriguing and surprising guide to some of the most common metaphors and what they can tell us about the human mind. And for this new edition, they supply an afterword both extending their arguments and offering a fascinating overview of the current state of thinking on the subject of the metaphor.

"There are books--few and far between--which carefully, delightfully, and genuinely turn your head inside out. This is one of them. It ranges over some central issues in Western philosophy and begins the long overdue job of giving us a radically new account of meaning, rationality, and objectivity."--Yaakov Garb, San Francisco Chronicle

《乔治·莱考夫认知语言学十讲》概括了作者对语言学某一领域的研究成果；同时讲座的形式使深奥的内容变得深入浅出，易于理解。北京航空航天大学外语系和外国语言研究所于2004年4月邀请了认知语言学创始George Lakoff教授来北京作了系列讲座。讲座先后在北京航空航天大学、北京大学、清华大学、北京师范大学和北京外国语大学进行。Lakoff教授通过十次讲座系统讲授了认知语言学的核心内容以及它的历史发展、与其他学科的交叉、最新动态及未来趋势等。讲座基本涵盖了Lakoff教授41年来的主要学术观点和研究成果。本系列讲座成书名为《乔治·莱考夫认知语言学十讲》，是“世界著名语言学家系列讲座”丛书中的一本。

Langacker教授是国际公认四位"认知语言学之父"之一，此二卷本著作是其代表作，也是认知言学的奠基之作，在国际学界有无可替代的作用。本书是第一卷，它介绍了一种全新的与以往完全不同的语言结构和语言学调查概念，并认为认知语法的核心主张是语法与词汇构成一个连续体，可以通过象征单位加以描述。与目前传统的观念相对，作者主张语言不能脱离语义独立存在，它是概念内容的构成和象征关系的表达式。本书此前已出版影印版，很受学界欢迎，但由于原文比较艰涩，此中文版将受汉语学界、心理学界、认知科学界读者的欢迎。

本书是关于语言的认知研究和计算分析的一组论文的结集，中心内容是：尝试从认知科学的角度对语言的结构方式和语义理解的心理机制进行研究并加以计算分析，以探索语言研究怎样为计算机理解自然语言提供恰当的方法和合适的规则。透过本书的各篇文章，读者可以大概地了解到：流行于哲学、心理学、语言学、计算机科学和神经科学中的认知主义思潮，认知语言学的基本观念及其在句法、语义上的各种研究路线；语言知识的形式表示和计算机分