非虚构
Invisible Women 豆瓣
9.4 (34 个评分) 作者: Caroline Criado Perez Chatto & Windus 2019 - 3
Imagine a world where your phone is too big for your hand, where your doctor prescribes a drug that is wrong for your body, where in a car accident you are 47% more likely to be seriously injured, where every week the countless hours of work you do are not recognised or valued. If any of this sounds familiar, chances are that you're a woman.
Invisible Women shows us how, in a world largely built for and by men, we are systematically ignoring half the population. It exposes the gender data gap – a gap in our knowledge that is at the root of perpetual, systemic discrimination against women, and that has created a pervasive but invisible bias with a profound effect on women’s lives.
Award-winning campaigner and writer Caroline Criado Perez brings together for the first time an impressive range of case studies, stories and new research from across the world that illustrate the hidden ways in which women are forgotten, and the impact this has on their health and well-being. From government policy and medical research, to technology, workplaces, urban planning and the media, Invisible Women reveals the biased data that excludes women. In making the case for change, this powerful and provocative book will make you see the world anew.
2020年4月17日 已读
实际上有一些论据到论证的逻辑我不是很赞同,但是作者看问题的角度很好,讲了很多被忽略却实际上极为普遍存在的案例,觉得“男女已经很平等了”的人应该好好读读这本书,尤其是女性,你必须要知道,当你用公共厕所需要排队、当你一只手操作不了自己的手机、当你手机塞不进牛仔裤口袋实际上什么东西都塞不进牛仔裤口袋、当你的声音不被AI识别,或者遭遇等等等等诸如此类的不便,你已经被歧视,因为这些你习以为常的事情,根本就不会发生在男人身上。结构性歧视并不因为你的忽视而消失,并不因为你未曾感受到,你就没被歧视过。
女性 非虚构
Too Much and Never Enough 豆瓣
6.6 (5 个评分) 作者: Mary L. Trump Simon & Schuster 2020 - 7
In this revelatory, authoritative portrait of Donald J. Trump and the toxic family that made him, Mary L. Trump, a trained clinical psychologist and Donald’s only niece, shines a bright light on the dark history of their family in order to explain how her uncle became the man who now threatens the world’s health, economic security, and social fabric.
2020年7月29日 已读
三星半吧……优缺点都很明显……写得还算有趣,读起来很快,开头部分信息量大,点也踩得准,就是心理学博士案例分析的感觉,而且有关原生家庭的影响其实分析得很透了,不过讲父亲的故事的篇幅有点太长了(虽然确实很说明问题),然后到后面变成了一个有钱人夺嫡争财产的故事就有点没劲了
心理 美国 非虚构
血殇 豆瓣
CRISIS IN THE RED ZONE: The Story of the Deadliest Ebola Outbreak in History, and of the Outbreaks to Come
8.8 (35 个评分) 作者: [美] 理查德 ·普雷斯顿 译者: 姚向辉 上海译文出版社 2020 - 5
世卫组织认为,2014年的埃博拉疫情显示,“对于应对严重的流感大流行和全球公共卫生突发事件,世界并没有做好准备”。
埃博拉流行病更像是某种模式的一部分,这是一种新发病毒跳出生态系统后造成的震荡波。病毒在人群中自我增殖,吞噬生命,遭遇人类这个物种的反抗,最终偃旗息鼓。然而,下一个震荡波会是什么?
随着过去渐渐变成未来,现在,我打算预测一场全球性爆发,由某种生物安全四级的新发病毒引起,它能通过空气在人与人之间传播,没有疫苗,用现代医药无法医治,用术语说,这是一起四级事件。
约翰•霍普金斯大学公共卫生学院最近完成的一项研究表明,美国所有医院加起来一共只有142张红区床位可以收治感染出血热病毒(例如埃博拉)的患者,另有不到400张红区床位可以收治感染空气传播的高危病毒的患者。
因此,假如爆发四级事件,整个美国加起来也只有542张红区床位。
我们必须问一个问题:假如一种四级新发病毒扩散到北美或任何一个大陆的百万级人群之中,医院是否有能力处理这么多的患者并照护他们?假如感染人数超过百万,流行病学家是否有能力追踪并打破传染链?
现在,守护在病毒圈大门口的战士明白他们面对的敌人强大得可怕,这场战争势必旷日持久。他们的许多武器终将失效,但另一些会开始发挥作用。人类在这场战斗中占据一定的优势,拥有病毒所缺少的某些要素,其中包括自我意识、团队作战的能力和愿意牺牲的精神。
既然病毒可以突变,那么我们也能改变。
2020年8月16日 已读
要打败病毒这种恶魔,人类必需回到远古法则,忘掉同情和关切这些链接彼此的链条,把自己也变成恶魔,从而阻断传播链……这本书的尾声我真的……人类永远不会从过往经历中吸取教训,每次经历突发事件都要从头开始摸索,哪怕以前经历过几乎完全一样的事件并且早有人预警
医学 美国 非虚构
白城恶魔 豆瓣
The Devil in the White City
8.2 (11 个评分) 作者: [美] 埃里克·拉森 译者: 徐佳雨 南海出版公司 2019 - 7
《白城恶魔》是美国作家埃里克·拉森的长篇犯罪纪实小说代表作。
1893年,镀金时代的美国,芝加哥世界博览会即将举行,旧世界正在崩塌,荣耀与罪恶争相上演。
总设计师伯纳姆孜孜以求,集合知名的建筑师和规划师,只为打造一场令世人赞叹的世博会,重塑芝加哥的形象。他说,这不会只是一个梦。
而在几个街区之外,一位年轻英俊的医生踏出列车,手中提着手术箱。对不知道他隐秘嗜好的女性而言,他的外表充满了魅力。他走入这个充满喧哗、雾霾和蒸汽的世界,在心中勾勒出了一座“神秘旅馆”,在那里,所有隐秘邪恶的梦想都将实现……
“我不能不杀人,就像诗人一样,灵感一来就不能不吟唱。”《白城恶魔》以富于诗意和张力的纪实性语言,交替描写了世博会的建造和杀人恶魔的疯狂。这个故事是如此丰盛,又如此邪恶,让每个人赞叹不已,又充满恐惧。
编辑推荐:
★犯罪实录文学头号著作,它展现的真相远比小说离奇
★获爱伦·坡奖犯罪实录奖,入围美国国家图书奖,居《纽约时报》排行榜100周
★这个故事如此丰盛又如此邪恶,让每个人赞叹不已,又充满恐惧
★比《白夜追凶》更惊心动魄,比《冷血》更精炼经典
★芝加哥世博会在如火如荼地举行,建立的白城美轮美奂;与此同时,恶魔在城中建立了一座杀人旅馆,在其中满足隐秘阴暗的梦想
★知名设计师设计精装典藏版,附赠限量镂空明信片,再现杀人城堡内部结构
2020年9月3日 已读
一开始有种“不是说犯罪相关吗怎么一直在写世博会”的感觉,不过越到后来越感觉到两条剧情线的时空交叠,一边是在分崩离析的黑暗世界逐渐铺陈开来的幻影一样的白城,一边是在幻影中杀人于无形的恶魔,一边是天堂一边是地狱,作为非虚构类,这个作者的文笔是真的不错……但是一言不合就报菜名我好出戏
犯罪 美国 非虚构
And the Band Played On 豆瓣
作者: Randy Shilts Stonewall Inn Editions 2000 - 4
By the time Rock Hudson's death in 1985 alerted all America to the danger of the AIDS epidemic, the disease had spread across the nation, killing thousands of people and emerging as the greatest health crisis of the 20th century. America faced a troubling question: What happened? How was this epidemic allowed to spread so far before it was taken seriously? In answering these questions, Shilts weaves the disparate threads into a coherent story, pinning down every evasion and contradiction at the highest levels of the medical, political, and media establishments.
Shilts shows that the epidemic spread wildly because the federal government put budget ahead of the nation's welfare; health authorities placed political expediency before the public health, and scientists were often more concerned with international prestige than saving lives. Against this backdrop, Shilts tells the heroic stories of individuals in science and politics, public health and the gay community, who struggled to alert the nation to the enormity of the danger it faced. And the Band Played On is both a tribute to these heroic people and a stinging indictment of the institutions that failed the nation so badly.
2020年10月15日 已读
艾滋恐怕是所有疾病中与政治最密切挂钩的了,如果少数群体能得到更多的同理心、接受度和关注度,它本不会成为像现在这样令人生畏的杀手,与其说艾滋是上帝对同性恋的惩罚,不如说是上帝对大多数人冷漠麻木的惩罚……这本真的写得很好了,我还说怎么写得这么客观和有同理心,最后访谈里说是openly gay reporter……那没事儿了
社会 美国 非虚构
Nomadland 豆瓣
8.3 (6 个评分) 作者: Jessica Bruder W. W. Norton & Company 2017 - 9
From the beet fields of North Dakota to the wilderness campgrounds of California to an Amazon warehouse in Texas, people who once might have kicked back to enjoy their sunset years are hard at work. Underwater on mortgages or finding that Social Security comes up short, they're hitting the road in astonishing numbers, forming a new community of nomads: RV and van-dwelling migrant laborers, or "workampers." Building on her groundbreaking Harper's cover story, "The End of Retirement," which brought attention to these formerly settled members of the middle class, Jessica Bruder follows one such RVer, Linda, between physically taxing seasonal jobs and reunions of her new van-dweller family, or "vanily." Bruder tells a compelling, eye-opening tale of both the economy's dark underbelly and the extraordinary resilience, creativity, and hope of these hardworking, quintessential Americans?many of them single women?who have traded rootedness for the dream of a better life.
2021年5月21日 已读
所以说电影还是把这种生活模式美化和艺术化了比较多……实际上是物质匮乏的情况下,生活在社会边缘的情况,他们这种“选择而非被迫”住在车里的心态非常有大无畏主义精神了
社会 美国 非虚构
Living to Tell the Tale 豆瓣
作者: Gabriel Garcia Marquez 译者: Edith Grossman Knopf 2003 - 11
In this long-awaited first volume of a planned trilogy, the most acclaimed and revered living Nobel laureate begins to tell us the story of his life.
Like all his work, Living to Tell the Tale is a magnificent piece of writing. It spans Gabriel García Márquez’s life from his birth in 1927 through the start of his career as a writer to the moment in the 1950s when he proposed to the woman who would become his wife. It has the shape, the quality, and the vividness of a conversation with the reader—a tale of people, places, and events as they occur to him: the colorful stories of his eccentric family members; the great influence of his mother and maternal grandfather; his consuming career in journalism, and the friends and mentors who encouraged him; the myths and mysteries of his beloved Colombia; personal details, undisclosed until now, that would appear later, transmuted and transposed, in his fiction; and, above all, his fervent desire to become a writer. And, as in his fiction, the narrator here is an inspired observer of the physical world, able to make clear the emotions and passions that lie at the heart of a life—in this instance, his own.
Living to Tell the Tale is a radiant, powerful, and beguiling memoir that gives us the formation of Gabriel García Márquez as a writer and as a man.
2021年7月29日 已读
不愧是马尔克斯,文笔是真的好,丝滑又黏腻很有风格感,加上一些传奇经历,non-fic生生写出fiction的感觉,不过后一半儿可能是太和当地政治联系紧密了,有点get不到
回忆录 非虚构
Empire of Pain 豆瓣
9.5 (12 个评分) 作者: Patrick Radden Keefe Doubleday 2021 - 4
A grand, devastating portrait of three generations of the Sackler family, famed for their philanthropy, whose fortune was built by Valium and whose reputation was destroyed by OxyContin, by the prize-winning, bestselling author of Say Nothing
The Sackler name adorns the walls of many storied institutions—Harvard, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Oxford, the Louvre. They are one of the richest families in the world, known for their lavish donations to the arts and the sciences. The source of the family fortune was vague, however, until it emerged that the Sacklers were responsible for making and marketing a blockbuster painkiller that was the catalyst for the opioid crisis.
Empire of Pain begins with the story of three doctor brothers, Raymond, Mortimer and the incalculably energetic Arthur, who weathered the poverty of the Great Depression and appalling anti-Semitism. Working at a barbaric mental institution, Arthur saw a better way and conducted groundbreaking research into drug treatments. He also had a genius for marketing, especially for pharmaceuticals, and bought a small ad firm.
Arthur devised the marketing for Valium, and built the first great Sackler fortune. He purchased a drug manufacturer, Purdue Frederick, which would be run by Raymond and Mortimer. The brothers began collecting art, and wives, and grand residences in exotic locales. Their children and grandchildren grew up in luxury.
Forty years later, Raymond’s son Richard ran the family-owned Purdue. The template Arthur Sackler created to sell Valium—co-opting doctors, influencing the FDA, downplaying the drug’s addictiveness—was employed to launch a far more potent product: OxyContin. The drug went on to generate some thirty-five billion dollars in revenue, and to launch a public health crisis in which hundreds of thousands would die.
This is the saga of three generations of a single family and the mark they would leave on the world, a tale that moves from the bustling streets of early twentieth-century Brooklyn to the seaside palaces of Greenwich, Connecticut, and Cap d’Antibes to the corridors of power in Washington, D.C. Empire of Pain chronicles the multiple investigations of the Sacklers and their company, and the scorched-earth legal tactics that the family has used to evade accountability. The history of the Sackler dynasty is rife with drama—baroque personal lives; bitter disputes over estates; fistfights in boardrooms; glittering art collections; Machiavellian courtroom maneuvers; and the calculated use of money to burnish reputations and crush the less powerful.
Empire of Pain is a masterpiece of narrative reporting and writing, exhaustively documented and ferociously compelling. It is a portrait of the excesses of America’s second Gilded Age, a study of impunity among the super elite and a relentless investigation of the naked greed and indifference to human suffering that built one of the world’s great fortunes.
2022年2月16日 已读
看得恶向胆边生……真的太气了……就实话讲他们一开始说病人的疼痛不应该被忽视、应该推广对疼痛的治疗的时候我确实很同意,至少这个出发点是没错的,但是可怕的是他们极度aggressive的营销方式,以及东窗事发之后理直气壮地撇清关系……另外我始终觉得医疗行业和教育行业,由于从业者和消费者的信息不对称过于严重,甚至有一些权利上下游倒置的感觉,因此这两个行业的商业化是危险的、自由竞争是不利于消费者的,但是完全依靠(往往underfunded的)公费医疗、公立学校教育又远远不能满足需求,这其中的矛盾实在是很难解决
美国 非虚构
Thinking, Fast and Slow 豆瓣 Goodreads
9.0 (6 个评分) 作者: [美国] Daniel Kahneman Penguin 2012 - 5
The "New York Times" Bestseller, acclaimed by author such as Freakonomics co-author Steven D. Levitt, Black Swan author Nassim Nicholas Taleb and Nudge co-author Richard Thaler, "Thinking Fast and Slow" offers a whole new look at the way our minds work, and how we make decisions. Why is there more chance we'll believe something if it's in a bold type face? Why are judges more likely to deny parole before lunch? Why do we assume a good-looking person will be more competent? The answer lies in the two ways we make choices: fast, intuitive thinking, and slow, rational thinking. This book reveals how our minds are tripped up by error and prejudice (even when we think we are being logical), and gives you practical techniques for slower, smarter thinking. It will enable to you make better decisions at work, at home, and in everything you do.
2022年1月25日 已读
非常值得看,很实用的心理学,System 1 and system 2 thinking可以解释日常生活中的很多现象,中间的经济学部分比较数学化所以我晕了🤯但是理论本身很容易理解(尤其是risk adverse和risk seeking四象限的部分),另外remembering self和experiencing self的隔膜可以说是哲学思考了。目前为止只读了一遍,不过感觉应该是可以常看常新的书
心理学 非虚构
女性主义 豆瓣 谷歌图书
9.2 (79 个评分) 作者: 李银河 上海文化出版社 2018 - 9
《女性主义》是李银河40年女性主义研究精华。基于对中西方社会学理论的研究,基于对中国进行了多年的的田野调查和社会观察。
李银河在这本《女性主义》中,对女性主义理论、女性主义运动、女性主义流派、女性主义论争和女性主义之后的思潮进行了条分缕析的梳理。综观这些理论,有些激烈如火,有些平静如水,有些主张做决死抗争,有些认可退让妥协。归根结底就是一句话:在全人类实现男女平等。
如果你想要了解女性主义却不知道从何着手,李银河老师这本书可以为你建构一个坚实的理论框架。
2022年3月20日 已读
比较易读的进阶女性主义材料,可以感觉到研究做得非常充分,涵盖面广,而且对各个流派的女性主义都有客观、辩证的阐述,整体结构也非常流畅,非常值得看
女性 社会学 非虚构
帝国经济风暴 豆瓣
作者: 张昕冉 浙江人民出版社 2021 - 9
《帝国经济风暴:大清帝国最后70年》
一本书讲透经济问题如何搞垮一个帝国。
————————————
为什么晚清已被外国打得千疮百孔,仍旧能屹立不倒?
将清廷从内外交困的绝境中挽救出来的,竟然是厘金的横空出世?
鸦片和茶叶这两种普通的经济作物,如何改变了整个东方贸易格局?
为什么说“鸦片战争是历史的必然结果”?如何从中洞见新世界贸易体系的建立过程?
为什么商业的萧条反倒给了高利贷以兴盛的机会?
山西票号这个“巨无霸”的横空出世,如何一举改变了整个民间金融业的游戏规则?但其受限于经济主体、组织关系、操作手段三个方面,无法脱离为帝国体系服务的命运,只能随着清王朝一同走向没落。在这其间,它如何错过了转型的机会?如何被清政府的监管断了生路?它的种种自救手段因何难以见效?
一个日渐衰颓的庞大帝国,与一个野心勃勃的新兴强权,在世界逐步联为一体的过程中,两者不可避免地碰撞在一起,“天朝上国”的体面在现实的压力面前被彻底击垮。这时,满是烂账的财政状况既是问题之因,也是问题之果。在全面危机下,任何一种激进的改革方案都不可能取得根本性成功,局部的小修小补也不能阻止整体性的财政系统崩溃。
本书讲述了清政府针对外贸、财政、货币、银行、海关、商会这六个部分进行的改良,但财政是庶政之母,在帝国经济风暴之下,种种改革不仅无力回天,甚至引发了一系列复杂的连锁反应,最终导致整个政权的彻底崩溃。
在这个“数千年未有之大变局”的时代,传统与现代、保守与变革、封建与共和,种种思潮前所未有地交织在一起;农业文明与工业文明、中古国家与现代国家、封建社会与工商社会,种种矛盾集中上演。本书透视了晚清的风云变迁,以最通俗的语言揭示了清廷困局的形成原因及其经济改革的发展规律。
从现代化中国的原点,看清时代变迁。
————————————
《中国国家历史》杂志、澎湃历史驻站作者、湖北大学史学博士张昕冉作品
著名经济学家李炜光、清史畅销书作家金满楼联合推荐 。
2022年4月5日 已读
这本相当精彩了,从切入点来说就很独特,从经济角度一点点分析内忧外患的清政府是怎么把国库里的银子都作没的,市场混乱、国库亏空、zf信誉全失,如此脆弱的纸牌屋自然免不了分崩离析的结局……难得的是作者文字的掌控力够强,这个千头万绪的话题被作者讲得深入浅出、思路非常清晰,且不失幽默,比想象中易读很多
历史 经济 非虚构
The Omnivore's Dilemma 豆瓣 Goodreads 谷歌图书
8.0 (8 个评分) 作者: Michael Pollan Penguin Press HC, The 2006 - 4
What should we have for dinner? For omnivore's like ourselves, this simple question has always posed a dilemma: When you can eat just about anything nature (or the supermarket) has to offer, deciding what you should eat will inevitably stir anxiety, especially when some of the foods on offer might shorten your life. Today, buffeted by one food fad after another, America is suffering from what can only be described as a national eating disorder. The omnivore's dilemma has returned with a vengeance, as the cornucopia of the modern American supermarket and fast-food outlet confronts us with a bewildering and treacherous food landscape. What's at stake in our eating choices is not only our own and our children's health, but the health of the environment that sustains life on earth.
The Omnivore's Dilemma is a groundbreaking book in which one of America's most fascinating, original, and elegant writers turns his own omnivorous mind to the seemingly straightforward question of what we should have for dinner. The question has confronted us since man discovered fire, but, according to Michael Pollan, the bestselling author of The Botany of Desire, how we answer it today, ath the dawn of the twenty-first century, may well determine our very survival as a species. Should we eat a fast-food hamburger? Something organic> Or perhaps something we hunt, gather or grow ourselves?
To find out, Pollan follows each of the food chains that sustain us--industrial food, organic or alternative food, and food we forage ourselves--from the source to a final meal, and in the process develops a definitive account of the American way of eating. His absorbing narrative takes us from Iowa cornfields to food laboratories, from feedlots and fast-food restaurants to organic farms and hunting grounds, always emphasizing our dynamic coevolutionary relationship with the handful of plant and animal species we depend on. Each time Pollan sits down to a meal, he deploys his unique blend of personal and investigative journalism to trace the origins of everything consumed, revealing what we unwittingly ingest and explaining how our taste for particular foods and flavors reflects our evolutionary inheritance.
The surprising answers Pollan offers to the simple question posed by this book have profound political, economic, psychological, and even mortal implications for all of us. Ultimately, this is a book as much about visionary solutions as it is about problems, and Pollan contends that, when it comes to food, doing the right thing often turns out to be the tastiest thing an eater can do. Beautifully written and thrillingly argued, The Omnivore's Dilemma promises to change the way we think about the politics and pleasure of eating. For anyone who reads it, dinner will never again look, or taste, quite the same.
2022年4月16日 已读
思索了片刻还是决定给了五星,这本是我迄今为止读到的最好的food book了(虽然我也没读过几本food book),思路和内容都非常棒,非常informative,也有足够的见地,说得事无巨细所以感觉有点啰嗦,但同时可以感觉到作者真的是真心实意地在意食物了~
非虚构 食物
Atomic Habits 豆瓣 谷歌图书
8.5 (50 个评分) 作者: James Clear Avery 2018 - 10
No matter your goals, Atomic Habits offers a proven framework for improving--every day. James Clear, one of the world's leading experts on habit formation, reveals practical strategies that will teach you exactly how to form good habits, break bad ones, and master the tiny behaviors that lead to remarkable results.
If you're having trouble changing your habits, the problem isn't you. The problem is your system. Bad habits repeat themselves again and again not because you don't want to change, but because you have the wrong system for change. You do not rise to the level of your goals. You fall to the level of your systems. Here, you'll get a proven system that can take you to new heights.
Clear is known for his ability to distill complex topics into simple behaviors that can be easily applied to daily life and work. Here, he draws on the most proven ideas from biology, psychology, and neuroscience to create an easy-to-understand guide for making good habits inevitable and bad habits impossible. Along the way, readers will be inspired and entertained with true stories from Olympic gold medalists, award-winning artists, business leaders, life-saving physicians, and star comedians who have used the science of small habits to master their craft and vault to the top of their field.
Learn how to:
* make time for new habits (even when life gets crazy);
* overcome a lack of motivation and willpower;
* design your environment to make success easier;
* get back on track when you fall off course;
...and much more.
Atomic Habits will reshape the way you think about progress and success, and give you the tools and strategies you need to transform your habits--whether you are a team looking to win a championship, an organization hoping to redefine an industry, or simply an individual who wishes to quit smoking, lose weight, reduce stress, or achieve any other goal.
2022年4月30日 已读
其实真正理论性的东西很少,基本可以认为是常识总结,可以在其中找到很多平时习惯养成的过程中已经几乎是最从本能在做的事情(比如当我想学好钢琴我就把琴摆在客厅最显眼的地方,当我不想让自己玩儿一个app上瘾我就直接卸载),把这些理论化和固定化,更有助于今后想要养成一个习惯的时候有意识地使用这些方法。比较有启发性的一点是以塑造identity为目标的习惯养成,明确塑造习惯的真正目的就更能在日常生活中做出正确的选择而不是机械执行。另外很喜欢的一个理论(也是我日常相信的理论)就是不要过多相信自己的自律,依靠逼迫自己形成的习惯是一触即溃的,尊重本能、承认惰性、重视满足感,才能让习惯自然形成并逐渐稳固
非虚构
药物简史 豆瓣
Taking the Medicine: A Short History of Medicine's Beautiful Idea, and our Difficulty Swallowing It
8.1 (13 个评分) 作者: [英]德劳因·伯奇(Druin Burch) 译者: 梁余音 中信出版集团·见识城邦 2019 - 5
深受医生、诗人、战士喜爱的鸦片怎么风靡世界6000年?
奎宁在英国怎么就成了禁用药,后来又怎么再次崛起的?
煤渣中提炼出来的染料如何带来了抗生素,改变整个医药行业?
用不起眼的柳树皮造出来的阿司匹林如何逆袭成为百药之王?
◎你吞下的每一粒药丸,背后都有一段精彩绝伦的传奇故事。
化学制药兴起之前,人们能够享用到的真正有用的药物其实只有罂粟、金鸡纳树皮、柳树皮等寥寥几种,即便到了20世纪初期,大多数医生治疗疾病采用的方法一般是砒霜、水银和泻药,偶尔加上不限量的咖啡和威士忌……真正改变药物历史的是化学家和生物学家,他们带来了抗生素,带来了更有针对性的施医用药的方法,也让我们看见药物、疾病、身体之间的关联。这本书是他们的故事。
◎与众不同的医学史读物,观点很颠覆,很有启发。
药物由前现代到现代的演变,不是传统医学史著作所讲述的英雄人物和伟大发现的历史,是我们用智慧与愚昧艰难抗争的历史。我们会看到,18/19世纪的医生深信自己的神圣和仁慈,怯于承认产褥热导致的大量产妇死亡是因为他们的手上带着细菌,从而大大推迟了消毒水的普及。这样的案例太多。我们在享受药物带来的好处的时候,需要感谢亚里士多德、培根、洛克这样的主张“理论需要用可靠的试验来验证”的哲学家,以及威廉·哈维、托马斯·西德纳姆、奥利弗·温德尔·霍姆斯、弗朗西斯·高尔顿这样的敢于怀疑传统并且不厌其烦进行医学统计分析的医生,他们最终建立了“循证医学”,因为在人类历史上大部分时期,医生害死的病人远比救活的病人多,医生治病太多凭借直觉和传统。
◎讲历史的手法很新奇,层次很丰富。
这是一本用药物串起来的医学历史,有很多有意思的趣味知识,从古巴比伦的鸦片、教皇的奎宁,到强大的德国制药工业、百药之王阿司匹林,每一种经典药物的诞生都有化学、生理学、生物学的厮杀、进步。这也是一本饱含思想的科技社会史,带你思考现代医药是怎么脱离无知,造福人类的,是人们如何用更可靠的统计方法进行试验,与不顾伦理追逐利润的制药工业进行抗争,一步步实现规范的药物监管,让生命的价值更好地被尊重的历史。
◎对我们实际生活中的求医问药大有帮助。
提供了很多关于药物的基本常识:时刻保持怀疑精神,用可靠的理性方法客观检验某种说法,这是我们求医问药的第一步;凡是能够起到药效的药物,都是因为其中包含的某种活性成分,不存在所谓的“偏方”“独家药方”“祖传秘方”;了解了药物的历史,就能正确理解抗生素,是人们依照化学规律制造出来的对疾病造成伤害同时也会对人体产生副作用的药品;放下对医生、医学的神圣迷信,再高明的专家也有骄傲自大的时候,普通人因为总是抱有太高的期待,也会有丧失理性的时刻……
◎《星期日电讯报》《金融时报》《星期日泰晤士报》《新科学家》等主流媒体好评推荐。
“伯奇带领我们走过一段令人惊叹的医药实践之旅。”“每一章都是一则犀利的短小寓言。”作者求学和执教于牛津大学医学院,曾在多家医院工作,医疗经验和教学经验都很丰富,文笔耿直,擅长用机智的方式将医学教科书和现实生活里有关医药的槽点一一拎出,讲清楚每一桩诡异的医学事情背后,都有深厚的错误传统和大众心态在作祟,并把医学史上各种怪诞的典故直言不讳地呈现出来,既让人发笑,又引人深思。
亚历山大大帝临终前说:我死在太多医生的帮助下。享年33岁。
普林尼记录了当时流行的墓志铭:就是那帮医生杀了我。
华盛顿死前最后一句话是:让我安静地去吧。此前他被灌了大量水银,还被放了2.5升血。
乔治·奥威尔去世前两年一直与一种新药链霉素奋战,他躺在病床上说:我觉得使用这种药物,就好像把船凿沉,来驱赶船上的老鼠。这种有效药物的副作用本来是可以避免的。
即便到了20世纪,医学教科书仍然充斥着自相矛盾的教导和未经检验的谬误传统,人类与疾病的抗争,同时也是与谬误的抗争。《药物简史》考察古巴比伦到当代6000年的一系列经典药物,每一种药物的背后,都是一段精彩的传奇故事。
奎宁与英国人——1651年,奎宁正式进入《罗马药典》,是药典中为数不多的有效药,风靡全欧洲,不过英国却是个例外。有人发烧,服用了奎宁之后,死掉了。英国人认为这是“天主教的阴谋”,这种药就成了非法药物。塔尔博特偷偷引进了这种药物,加上玫瑰叶、柠檬汁和混合各种原料的葡萄酒组成一种“神秘药方”。他的推销大为成功,查理二世重金聘请他为医师,并且赐给骑士爵位,并让他透露到底是什么药物这么有效。那医生回答:耶稣会士树皮(英国人对奎宁的称呼)。查理二世大为惊骇:这药早就已经明确禁止使用,为什么以前害人的药物,现在这么有效呢?
那医生回答:这种药的效果只有国王才配消受。
抗生素的革命——19世纪后期,化学家发现把从煤渣中提炼出来的染料涂在植物或动物组织上,染料会将纤维清晰地显现出来,并且顺着组织运动,进入各个器官。埃尔利希凭借这种方法弄清楚了血清的功能,里面具有某种“抗体”,像“魔法子弹”一样对病菌进行打击。细菌表面存在与人体细胞不一样的接收器,如果能让毒素进入这些地方,就能在不杀死正常细胞的情况下杀死细菌。化学家们造出了各种各样的“打靶”药物,这是抗生素时代的开端,这种思维方法也是“化学疗法”的开端。
这才开始了乙酰丙胺(退热冰)、乙酰水杨酸(阿司匹林)、二醋吗啡(海洛因)、百浪多息、盘尼西林、沙利度胺(反应停)等一系列经典药物的传奇故事,以及赫希斯特、默克、法本、拜耳等庞大的制药公司的崛起与药物生产和监管背后药效评估方法的革新和法律、伦理博弈。
--------见识城邦简史系列:《人类简史》 《世界简史》 《生命简史》 《社交媒体简史》 《时间简史》 《药物简史》 《时间哲学简史》 《纳粹德国简史》 《犯罪与惩罚简史》 《婚姻简史》 《隐私简史》 《语言简史》 《一战简史》 《二战简史》 《地图简史》 《上瘾五百年》 《舌尖上的历史》。
2022年5月2日 已读
这个作者相当会写了,把这个严肃且相当专业的话题说得深入浅出,并且不乏英式的dry humour(真的一看就是英国人写的……这个幽默感的笑到捂脸又觉得好像并不该笑oh the irony)……实际上标题的中译还是有些偏差,相比于“简史”,这本更像是对一些奇闻逸事及其背后的“哲理”是讨论和反思……读了这本书才意识到,人类在医疗方面,想当然地以形补形、动辄放血催吐开泻药的历史,远比科学实验和统计学支撑的循证医学悠久得多,能够活在这个时代已经是单抽SSR式的幸运,然而甚至直到现在还有大把医生宁愿相信自己的“直觉和经验”而不愿意相信文献数据,事实上人类对身体和医药了解的部分远小于尚未探索的部分,却又抱着自认为无所不知的自信,多少鲜活的生命为这种傲慢付出了代价
医疗 非虚构
崩溃:社会如何选择成败兴亡 豆瓣 Goodreads
Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed
作者: [美]贾雷德·戴蒙德 译者: 廖月娟 中信出版集团 2022 - 1 其它标题: 崩溃
本书所说的“崩溃”,是指某一人类社会在相当长一段时间内,人口急剧减少,政治、经济、社会复杂程度骤降,终至瓦解。这在人类历史上并不罕见,许多壮丽的文明遗址引发幽古之思,人们在抚今追昔时,不免产生疑问:为什么有些社会得以繁荣延续,有些社会却走向衰亡,最终湮没在历史长河中?

为了回答这个问题,在本书中,戴蒙德延续其思考框架,聚焦生态环境与人类文明的关系。在比较历史研究的视野下,戴蒙德以自己熟悉的美国蒙大拿州作为引子,纵向比较了复活节岛、玛雅文明、格陵兰岛的维京社会、德川幕府时期的日本等过去社会的兴衰存亡,又横向分析了卢旺达、海地与多米尼加、中国、澳大利亚等现代社会的发展与困境。这些文明社会面临着相似的危机——在污染、瘟疫、战争、饥荒的背后,千疮百孔的生态环境是社会走向败亡的大前奏,而不同社会应对环境问题的选择决定了它们迥异的结局。基于此,生态环境如何影响人类社会的命运这一议题,从一个宏大模糊的背景角色走到前台的聚焦点下,一些从前历史研究所忽略的关键信息被提取出来,重塑了人们对社会发展的认知。

今天,现代社会同样面临危机——前所未有的人口压力、全球性的环境破坏,地区性的崩溃可能会迅速向全世界蔓延。经济发展与环境保护是否不可兼得?戴蒙德为我们敲响警钟:我们对这一问题的理解与抉择将决定当今社会的兴盛或衰落。
2022年6月27日 已读
戴蒙德的书,真的难读,in a bad way……这本比《枪炮、病菌与钢铁》的问题更突出一点……看行文不难看出作者是个博学家,各个领域都懂得很多且很深入,能够从不同领域多角度分析问题,但不妨碍他思维定势非常严重……这本看似给到了一个巨大的议题,实际是更侧重于从环境、生态和地缘的角度讨论文明的发展与崩溃,调查和研究的能力非常强,但材料组织不敢恭维,外加语言实在是枯燥,信息量很大但是重点不明确,阅读体验不好
非虚构
How the World Really Works 豆瓣
作者: Vaclav Smil Viking 2021 - 10
We have never had so much information at our fingertips and yet most of us simply don't understand how our world really works. Professor Vaclav Smil is not a pessimist or an optimist, he is a scientist, and this book is a much-needed reality check on topics ranging from food production and nutrition, through energy and the environment, to globalization and the future. For example, the carbon footprint of meat is well known, but did you know that the equivalent of five tablespoons of diesel fuel goes into the production of each greenhouse-grown, medium-size, supermarket-bought tomato? The gap between belief and reality is vast.
Drawing on the latest science, tackling sources of misinformation head on and championing a rational, fact-based approach, in How the World Really Works Smil shows, for example, why the planet isn't 'suffocating' (even burning all the planet's fossil fuels would reduce oxygen levels by just 0.25 per cent) and that globalization isn't 'inevitable' and nor should it be (the stupidity of allowing 70 per cent of the world's rubber gloves to be made in just one factory became glaringly obvious in 2020).
Ultimately, Smil answers the most profound question of our age: are we irrevocably doomed or is a brighter utopia ahead? Compelling, data-rich and revisionist, this wonderfully broad, interdisciplinary masterpiece finds faults with both extremes. Looking at the world through this quantitative lens reveals hidden truths that change the way we see our past, present and uncertain future.
2022年8月3日 已读
感觉是个三星半,非常务实的非虚构书,没有标题看起来议题那么宽泛,主要是从能源、材料、环境等角度剖析人类社会的发展及其面临的真正问题,最重要的观点可能是 能源优化和节能减碳不是一朝一夕可以实现的,研究很全面,分析很深入,且观点很中肯,最大的问题可能是数据罗列真的太多了,数0数得头都晕,明显不是畅销书而是学术论文的路子
非虚构
Build 豆瓣
作者: Tony Fadell Harper Business 2022 - 5
Tony Fadell led the teams that created the iPod, iPhone and Nest Learning Thermostat and learned enough in 30+ years in Silicon Valley about leadership, design, startups, Apple, Google, decision-making, mentorship, devastating failure and unbelievable success to fill an encyclopedia.
So that’s what this book is. An advice encyclopedia. A mentor in a box.
Written for anyone who wants to grow at work—from young grads navigating their first jobs to CEOs deciding whether to sell their company—Build is full of personal stories, practical advice and fascinating insights into some of the most impactful products and people of the 20th century.
Each quick 5-20 page entry builds on the previous one, charting Tony’s personal journey from a product designer to a leader, from a startup founder to an executive to a mentor. Tony uses examples that are instantly captivating, like the process of building the very first iPod and iPhone. Every chapter is designed to help readers with a problem they’re facing right now—how to get funding for their startup, whether to quit their job or not, or just how to deal with the jerk in the next cubicle.
Tony forged his path to success alongside mentors like Steve Jobs and Bill Campbell, icons of Silicon Valley who succeeded time and time again. But Tony doesn’t follow the Silicon Valley credo that you have to reinvent everything from scratch to make something great. His advice is unorthodox because it’s old school. Because Tony’s learned that human nature doesn’t change. You don’t have to reinvent how you lead and manage—just what you make.
And Tony’s ready to help everyone make things worth making.
2022年8月16日 已读
这个作者,一看就不是靠写书吃饭的,确实非常unorthodox了,从措辞到素材编排都不敢恭维,而且确实局限性比较强,基本上适合准备自己创业或者开发产品的人了解一下,对于我这种躺平党就没太多可借鉴的地方……确实有散布各处的亮点,但是全书其他地方的有趣程度加起来都不如他吐槽Google收购Nest的那段
非虚构
This is Going to Hurt 豆瓣
作者: Adam Kay Picador 2018 - 4
2022年9月25日 已读
一个重读,之前听的有声书,不懂的医疗单词就跳过了,没想到看纸质书居然是这么漫长的过程……但还是,挺喜欢的,是一本充满黑色幽默的书。实话讲看了剧之后回来看感觉这本书里的处理已经看起来没那么黑暗了,甚至那个风扇梗我真的笑了好久,但还是很难改变它的底色,让一个人(尤其是需要时刻保持高度警惕的人)一周工作接近100个小时是不人道且不明智的,居然还有人去质疑他的工作动机更让人咋舌,至少这本书真的让人开始关注医疗系统了是件好事
医疗 非虚构
当下的力量(白金版) 豆瓣
The Power of Now: A Guide to Spiritual Enlightenment
8.1 (18 个评分) 作者: [德国] 埃克哈特·托利 译者: 曹植 中信出版社 2016 - 6
《当下的力量》,身心灵大师埃克哈特•托利经典之作,20年蝉联美国亚马逊畅销书排行榜!被翻译成50多种文字,畅销全球500多万册,我们这个时代最具影响力的心灵经典!身心灵畅销书作家张德芬导读推荐!
《当下的力量》是一本“灵性开悟的指引之书”,堪称心灵读物经典。教导我们一种新的生活方式,告诉我们如何把日常生活中受的苦减到最少,如何活得更好、 过得更开心。
作者埃克哈特•托利指出了我们日常痛苦的主要来源——被大脑思维所控制、焦虑过去和未来而非活在当下。但实际上,我们只能活在当下,活在此时此刻。通过向当下的臣服,你才能找到真正的力量,获得内在的智慧和真正的喜悦。作者在《当下的力量》中提出了几个非常实用的方法,让自己认清时间的幻象,活在当下。对于普遍焦虑、抑郁、压力大的现代大众读者来说,是一本切实有用的好书,将让我们认清时间的幻象,活在当下,找到真正的力量,发现平和与宁静的入口。
2022年11月21日 已读
这是我看的第一本灵修的书,我只能说有点意思but not my thing……前半本讲比较理论的部分还是有趣的,这个作者的理论融合了佛教、基督教和道教的一部分思想,作者通过自己的解读结合出了一个比较完整的思想体系,尤其是心理时间和钟表时间这组概念的对照让我觉得挺有启发的……但这种思想体系可能是太玄学了,后半本很多涉及到实际应用的都讲得虚无缥缈玄之又玄,反而让我觉得这个理论体系局限性很强,说浪漫关系的那章尤其不大行,勉勉强强的三星
灵修 非虚构
Bottle of Lies: The Inside Story of the Generic Drug Boom 豆瓣
8.0 (9 个评分) 作者: Katherine Eban Ecco 2019 - 5
Many have hailed the widespread use of generic drugs as one of the most important public-health developments of the twenty-first century. Today, almost 90 percent of our pharmaceutical market is comprised of generics, the majority of which are manufactured overseas. We have been reassured by our doctors, our pharmacists and our regulators that generic drugs are identical to their brand-name counterparts, just less expensive. But is this really true?
Katherine Eban’s Bottle of Lies exposes the deceit behind generic-drug manufacturing—and the attendant risks for global health. Drawing on exclusive accounts from whistleblowers and regulators, as well as thousands of pages of confidential FDA documents, Eban reveals an industry where fraud is rampant, companies routinely falsify data, and executives circumvent almost every principle of safe manufacturing to minimize cost and maximize profit, confident in their ability to fool inspectors. Meanwhile, patients unwittingly consume medicine with unpredictable and dangerous effects.
The story of generic drugs is truly global. It connects middle America to China, India, sub-Saharan Africa and Brazil, and represents the ultimate litmus test of globalization: what are the risks of moving drug manufacturing offshore, and are they worth the savings?
A decade-long investigation with international sweep, high-stakes brinkmanship and big money at its core, Bottle of Lies reveals how the world’s greatest public-health innovation has become one of its most astonishing swindles.
2022年12月16日 已读
非虚构❌惊悚故事✅揭露的Ranbaxy以及一些连带的医药行业问题可以说是触目惊心的程度,如果说此前对generic drugs还存有一丝丝的好感(物美价廉而非顶着品牌卖高价),现在可以说是听到“印度仿制药“就汗毛倒竖的程度……除了仿制药和制药公司混过查验的乱象,监管部门的无能更让人咋舌,他们仿佛根本不在乎制药公司是否用心对待生产,只要他们用心对待检查就好了,他们仿佛比制药公司还担心核验不通过……医药行业本就建立在信息不对称和单边的信任上,这两者的结合更让患者买药成了开盲盒……这本在讲故事和案例方面非常成功,读非虚构有读小说的刺激感(当然也确实是情节过于离谱了点),缺点可能是太案例驱动了,数据支持和深入分析似乎稍显不足
医药 非虚构