心理學
自我·群体·社会 豆瓣
作者: 【美】道格拉斯•肯里克等 译者: 谢晓非等 中国人民大学出版社 2011 - 4
恐怖炸弹袭击、睾丸激素、1分钟相亲、Facebook、政治诽谤阵营怎样影响其他人?传统的社会心理学教材会列出一列你感兴趣的话题,但是却少将事实与理论有机结合在一起。由《影响力》作者罗伯特•西奥蒂尼领衔编著,本书14章深度剖析涉及了历史上最具影响力的人物和历史事件,用哈佛经典案例式的大案例分析方法,“研究者如同侦探”将方法和应用融入故事。
本书是人们了解自身、了解社会、了解自己与社会关系最佳的指导性书籍。虽然外表厚重,但内容并不晦涩。娓娓道来的故事以及丰富的图片,看过之后,你会重新认识自己与他人及社会的关系。
本书特点:大案例,14章深度剖析了涉及历史上最具影响力的人物或事件。新视野,全书围绕“行为背后的目的到底是什么”和“目的背后的人和环境发挥了怎样的作用”两个主题讨论。新趋势,本书并不是单纯解释心理学的现象,而是探索现象背后的原因,是从解释心理学向预测心理学的转型之作。
网络至死 豆瓣
Payback
作者: [德] 弗兰克·施尔玛赫 译者: 邱袁炜 龙门书局 2011 - 8
《网络至死:如何在喧嚣的互联网时代重获我们的创造力和思维力》内容简介:我们也许已经晓悟,但也许并未察觉,我们正陷入空前的“网络统治一切”的危机之中,就像赫胥黎在《美丽新世界》中忧虑的那样,人们会渐渐爱上压迫,崇拜那些使他们丧失思考能力的技术,而现在这技术等同于网络。我们越来越依赖虚拟世界——网络所创造的一切,人们已经无法想象没有电脑、没有网络的生活,我们好像患上了某种强迫症,一遍遍地刷新网页,而短暂的断网也使我们心绪不宁。注意力极易分散,记忆力严重退化,想象力和创造力被极度扼杀……我们在网络越来越强大的信息世界面前,越来越措手不及,越来越被机器所主宰。
“网络至死”,绝不是危言耸听,人类为机器、网络所异化已经不是简单的玩笑,而是深入我们的生活和我们的精神之中的世界难题了。怎么办?我们被迫在信息时代做我们不想做的事情,我们该如何重新掌控我们自己的思想,并最终赢得这场人与机器的网络之战?
《网络至死:如何在喧嚣的互联网时代重获我们的创造力和思维力》以网络时代人类异化现象为依托,以悲天悯人的情怀,重新审视人与电脑、网络的关系,关注网络统治时代人的境遇,探寻人类心灵的困境和脱困之途。与此同时,作者文笔幽默而轻松,让读者得以在会心一笑之余,思考我们在数字化时代的生存现状和未来。
为什么大猩猩比专家高明 豆瓣 Goodreads
How We Decide
作者: [美] 乔纳·莱勒 译者: 丁丹 东方出版社 2010 - 10
失败是因为选择错误!这是第一本运用脑神经科学的惊人发现指导我们做出正确决定的书。
自柏拉图以来,哲学家就认为决定过程要么是理性的、要么是感性的。也就是说,我们要么仔细慎重地思考,要么“眼睛一眨”凭直觉做决定。
当科学家运用神经科学的最新工具打开大脑黑箱时,他们发现大脑并不是这样工作的。最好的决策是精心调和理智和情感的产物——具体怎么调和,取决于情境。例如,买房子时,最好让潜意识仔细考虑众多变量。但是选择股票时,直觉则会让我们误入歧途。诀窍在于知道什么时候该用什么脑区。而要做到这一点,我们需要更加努力(更加睿智)地思考自己是怎么思考的。
通过神经科学的前沿研究以及真实世界众多“决策者”——从飞行员到对冲基金投资者,从连环杀手到扑克选手——案例,乔纳•莱勒用我们所需的工具将我们武装起来。
莱勒还展示了一些人是怎么利用这门新知识制作更好的电视节目、赢得更多场足球比赛以及加强军事情报部门建设的。他的目标是回答任何人——从CEO到消防员——都感兴趣的两个问题:人脑是如何决策的?我们怎样做出更好的决定?在这本书里,会频繁出现“神”这个词。然而我并不是一个宗教家,也没有什么宗教信仰,当然也没有打算入教。我只是喜欢“神”这个词的发音而已。
当你走在路上的时候,一辆卡车忽然冲到面前,你可能会大叫“神啊”。在这样的语境里,我认为“神”也没有什么特殊的意义吧。
因此,我所说的“神”也没有特定的含义,只是因为喜欢,所以用在了这本书里。
我只是希望那些由于找不回人类的本质而痛苦的人们,能够回想起自己所失去的东西。而神的作用就在于此,我只不过在书中借用了一下而已。
那么,我所说的人类的本质是什么呢?
人类其实是一种一边为打破界限而惊喜,一边生存的动物。
无边的恐惧 豆瓣
Landscapes of Fear
作者: [美国] 段义孚 译者: 徐文宁 北京大学出版社 2011 - 1
本书以“恐惧的景观”为主题,探讨了人们日常生活中可能遇到的各种不同的恐惧景观之间的联系与不同,从人的感觉、心理、社会文化、伦理和道德的角度来解读人的心理与自然环境的关系,是作者所开创的人文主义地理学方面的一本代表作。
抽象与移情 豆瓣
Abstraction and empathy
7.7 (7 个评分) 作者: [德] 沃林格 译者: 王才勇 金城出版社 2010 - 9
沃林格的这部早期著作是从情致的反命题出发的,抽象与移情的对峙构成了全书的结构,全书的论点和框架均由这个对峙而来。抽象是一个至上的艺术律令,沃林格首先是单纯作为移情的对立面而否定性地去界定这个概念的。至于移情这个概念,沃林格则是从立普斯的美学中吸收而来的,但他与立普斯不同 ,他不认为移情是我们面对对象的审美态度以之为前提条件并始终以其为特征的普遍原则,他更多地是把移情描述为这样一种审美态度,这种审美态度仅仅适用于古希腊罗马时期、文艺复兴时期,以及一切以之为传统的艺术作品和面对这种艺术作品的观赏者的态度,因而我们可以进一步推断,这种极具人性意味的向自然的移情并不是天生自在的,而是一种历史的产物,而且,尤其是由艺术所催发出的东西。
◎通过本书,读者可以触及到一个纲领性的核心,这不仅是艺术学和美学方面的核心,而且也是艺术史和艺术批评方面的核心。
◎出版之后短短十几年内,该书不断得到重新再版和修订,这本著作成了表现主义时代最杰出的艺术学文献。
金城出版社同系列作品还有:
《席勒美学信简》http://book.douban.com/subject/5333436/
《弗洛伊德论美》http://book.douban.com/subject/5387860/
《文明的忧思》http://book.douban.com/subject/5407815/
这才是思维 豆瓣
Think! Before It’s Too Late
作者: [英] 爱德华·德博诺 译者: 庄榕霞 / 徐宁仪 万卷出版公司 2011 - 10
“卓越,但还不够。”这是本书出现频率最高的话,也一语道破人类思维停滞僵化的原因。本书建立起了新的思维观念,爱德华•德波诺在肯定人类思维成就的基础上,对影响思维进一步发展的23个因素做出了反思,并提出了一些改变建议,提出人们要在已有思维的基础上,加强创造性思维、设计性思维和感性思维等。
在社会历史发展的进程中,人类取得了卓越的成就,但这不意味着人类的思维也是完美的。本书分别从个人、社会、教育、管理、知识和思维本身7个方面分析了思维的现状与可操作性极强的改进建议与具体方法。毕竟,在信息经济时代,我们必须依靠自己的创意才能生存。
A Treatise on the Family 豆瓣
作者: Gary S. Becker Harvard University Press 1993 - 10
Imagine each family as a kind of little factory--a multiperson unit producing meals, health, skills, children, and self-esteem from market goods and the time, skills, and knowledge of its members. This is only one of the remarkable concepts explored by Gary Becker in his landmark work on the family. Becker applies economic theory to the most sensitive and fateful personal decisions, such as choosing a spouse or having children. He uses the basic economic assumptions of maximizing behavior, stable preferences, arid equilibria in explicit or implicit markets to analyze the allocation of time to child care as well as to careers, to marriage and divorce in polygynous as well as monogamous societies, to the increase and decrease of wealth from one generation to another. The consideration of the family from this perspective has profound theoretical and practical implications. For example, Becker's analysis of assortative mating can be used to study matching processes generally. Becker extends the powerful tools of economic analysis to problems once considered the province of the sociologist, the anthropologist, and the historian. The obligation of these scholars to take account of his work thus constitutes an important step in the unification of the social sciences. "A Treatise on the Family" will have an impact on public policy as well. Becker shows that social welfare programs have significant effects on the allocation of resources within families. For example, social security taxes tend to reduce the amount of resources children give to their aged parents. The implications of these findings are obvious and far-reaching. With the publication of this extraordinary book, the family moves to the forefront of the research agenda in the social sciences.
摩西与一神教 豆瓣
作者: (奥)弗洛伊德 译者: 李展开 三联书店 1988 - 7
编辑推荐:本书饮食了弗洛伊德关于宗教的种种思考,在些基础上,他解释了犹太人与基督教徒的关系中的某些特征。通过对摩西传说的深入研究,弗洛伊德得出了惊人的结论:摩西本人是一个埃及人,他传给犹太人的宗教是从埃及带去的。弗洛伊德接受了摩西是在荒野里被谋杀的假说,但是他认为摩西存留在以色列人民心中,摩西的宗教教义最终取得了胜利。弗洛伊德发展了他的关于一神教的理论,对犹太教和基督教的发展提出了新的解释。
Why Beautiful People Have More Daughters 豆瓣
作者: Alan S. Miller / Satoshi Kanazawa Perigee Trade 2007 - 9
A lively and provocative look at how evolution shapes our behavior and our lives. <br/><br/> Contrary to conventional wisdom, our brains and bodies are hardwired to carry out an evolutionary mission that determines much of what we do, from life plans to everyday decisions. <br/><br/> With an accessible tone and a healthy disregard for political correctness, this lively and eminently readable book popularizes the latest research in a cutting-edge field of study-one that turns much of what we thought we knew about human nature upside-down. <br/><br/> Every time we fall in love, fight with our spouse, enjoy watching a favorite TV show, or feel scared--walking alone at night, we are in part behaving as a human animal with its own unique nature-a nature that essentially stopped evolving 10,000 years ago. Alan S. Miller and Satoshi Kanazawa re-examine some of the most popular and controversial topics of modern life-and shed a whole new light on why we do the things we do. <br/><br/> Reader beware: You may never look at human nature the same way again.
20世纪最伟大的心理学实验 豆瓣
Opening skinner's box : great psychological experiments of the twentieth century
6.9 (7 个评分) 作者: [美] 劳伦·斯莱特 译者: 郑雅方 中国人民大学出版社 2007 - 5
《20世纪最伟大的心理学实验》是惊悚有趣的心理学实验,探索人类心灵的十大发现,“普通心理学”课程必读。
作者重新诠释了20世纪心理学探索人类心灵的非凡成就,以10个设计精巧的天才实验为例,结合小说、传记、采访等多种体裁,让你仿佛与作者、实验当事人共处一室,倾听他们的生命叙事,深刻体会心理实验背后的深邃涵义。
作者剖析议题深入详尽,呈现清晰实像,让单调冰冷的科学实验,得以展现丰富感性的内涵。对于人性本质的优劣,不仅见解独到,更发人深省。
Economic Theory and Cognitive Science 豆瓣
作者: Don Ross A Bradford Book 2007 - 1
In this study, Don Ross explores the relationship of economics to other branches of behavioral science, asking, in the course of his analysis, under what interpretation economics is a sound empirical science. The book explores the relationships between economic theory and the theoretical foundations of related disciplines that are relevant to the day-to-day work of economics -- the cognitive and behavioral sciences. It asks whether the increasingly sophisticated techniques of microeconomic analysis have revealed any deep empirical regularities -- whether technical improvement represents improvement in any other sense. Casting Daniel Dennett and Kenneth Binmore as its intellectual heroes, the book proposes a comprehensive model of economic theory that, Ross argues, does not supplant but recovers the core neoclassical insights and counters the caricaturish conception of neoclassicism so derided by advocates of behavioral or evolutionary economics.Because he approaches his topic from the viewpoint of the philosophy of science, Ross devotes one chapter to the philosophical theory and terminology on which his argument depends and another to related philosophical issues. Two chapters provide the theoretical background in economics, one covering developments in neoclassical microeconomics and the other treating behavioral and experimental economics and evolutionary game theory. The three chapters at the heart of the argument then apply theses from the philosophy of cognitive science to foundational problems for economic theory. In these chapters economists will find a genuinely new way of thinking about the implications of cognitive science for economics and cognitive scientists will find in economic behavior a new testing site for the explanations of cognitive science.
An Enquiry concerning Human Understanding 豆瓣
作者: David Hume OUP Oxford 2008 - 7
'Commit it then to the flames: for it can contain nothing but sophistry and illusion.'
Thus ends David Hume's Enquiry concerning Human Understanding, the definitive statement of the greatest philosopher in the English language. His arguments in support of reasoning from experience, and against the 'sophistry and illusion' of religiously inspired philosophical fantasies, caused controversy in the eighteenth century and are strikingly relevant today, when faith and science continue to clash.
The Enquiry considers the origin and processes of human thought, reaching the stark conclusion that we can have no ultimate understanding of the physical world, or indeed our own minds. In either sphere we must depend on instinctive learning from experience, recognizing our animal nature and the limits of reason. Hume's calm and open-minded scepticism thus aims to provide a new basis for science, liberating us from the 'superstition' of false metaphysics and religion. His Enquiry remains one of the best introductions to the study of philosophy, and this edition places it in its historical and philosophical context.
Gut Feelings 豆瓣
作者: Gerd Gigerenzer Penguin Books 2008 - 6
Why is split second decision-making superior to deliberation? Gut Feelings delivers the science behind Malcolm Gladwell??s Blink
Reflection and reason are overrated, according to renowned psychologist Gerd Gigerenzer. Much better qualified to help us make decisions is the cognitive, emotional, and social repertoire we call intuition??a suite of gut feelings that have evolved over the millennia specifically for making decisions. ??Gladwell drew heavily on Gigerenzer??s research. But Gigerenzer goes a step further by explaining just why our gut instincts are so often right. Intuition, it seems, is not some sort of mystical chemical reaction but a neurologically based behavior that evolved to ensure that we humans respond quickly when faced with a dilemma?? (BusinessWeek).
Switch 豆瓣
瞬变:如何让你的世界变好一些
作者: Chip Heath / Dan Heath Crown Business 2010 - 2
Why is it so hard to make lasting changes in our companies, in our communities, and in our own lives?
The primary obstacle is a conflict that’s built into our brains, say Chip and Dan Heath, authors of the critically acclaimed bestseller Made to Stick . Psychologists have discovered that our minds are ruled by two different systems—the rational mind and the emotional mind—that compete for control. The rational mind wants a great beach body; the emotional mind wants that Oreo cookie. The rational mind wants to change something at work; the emotional mind loves the comfort of the existing routine. This tension can doom a change effort—but if it is overcome, change can come quickly.
In Switch, the Heaths show how everyday people—employees and managers, parents and nurses—have united both minds and, as a result, achieved dramatic results:
● The lowly medical interns who managed to defeat an entrenched, decades-old medical practice that was endangering patients.
● The home-organizing guru who developed a simple technique for overcoming the dread of housekeeping.
● The manager who transformed a lackadaisical customer-support team into service zealots by removing a standard tool of customer service
In a compelling, story-driven narrative, the Heaths bring together decades of counterintuitive research in psychology, sociology, and other fields to shed new light on how we can effect transformative change. Switch shows that successful changes follow a pattern, a pattern you can use to make the changes that matter to you, whether your interest is in changing the world or changing your waistline.
成败就在刹那间 豆瓣
Gut Feelings : The Intelligence of the Unconscious
作者: 歌德·吉仁泽 译者: 聂晶 中国人民大学出版社 2009 - 1
《成败就在刹那间》中,作者以深入浅出的方式,为我们讲述了一个个隐藏在看似平凡无奇的现象下面的那些奇妙心理学原理,让我们开始理解,所谓的直觉,蕴含着怎样的心理机制和生理基础。书中还穿插了许许多多经典的试验和真实案例,不会让人读起来感觉冗长乏味;在作者的生花妙笔和巧妙布局之下,他将一个个心理学原理在决策领域的应用娓娓道来。如果没有《成败就在刹那间》,你恐怕这辈子也不会去思考为什么自己会在超市中把手伸向那些最耳熟能详的商品,也不会想到自己在最终确定终身伴侣的那一刻,大脑究竟做出了怎样精密的计算。《成败就在刹那间》,就像是一把钥匙,打开了我们尘封多年的好奇心,让我们可以摒弃掉成人世界中的理智和逻辑,重新用一双充满疑问的眼睛来看待这个世界,看待那些自己平时早已见怪不怪的行为,也重新开始思索“为什么会是这样”而不再漠然地接受“事实本该如此”。
Consciousness Explained 豆瓣
作者: Daniel C. Dennett Back Bay Books 1992 - 10
This book revises the traditional view of consciousness by claiming that Cartesianism and Descartes' dualism of mind and body should be replaced with theories from the realms of neuroscience, psychology and artificial intelligence. What people think of as the stream of consciousness is not a single, unified sequence, the author argues, but "multiple drafts" of reality composed by a computer-like "virtual machine". Dennett considers how consciousness could have evolved in human beings and confronts the classic mysteries of consciousness: the nature of introspection, the self or ego and its relation to thoughts and sensations, and the level of consciousness of non-human creatures.
心灵、语言和社会 豆瓣
作者: 约翰·塞尔 译者: 李步楼 上海译文出版社 2001 - 2
本书是一本简明通俗的哲学著作、但它既不是各种哲学问题的概览,也不是哲学问题的简史,而是概括了塞尔40余年来研究成果的重要哲学著作。本书对心灵、语言和社会实在的结构性特征以及它们相互之间的逻辑依存关系进和了分析,并在此基础上阐明它们是怎样结合在一起的。当代美英分析哲学和语言哲学、往往拘泥于命题、语词的研究,而忽略了哲学的基本问题。塞尔将语言哲学的观点用于研究心身问题,使语言哲学也开始回归到传统哲学的基本问题。而且,塞尔在本书中吸取了现代科学,特别是神经生理学、神经生物学、认知科学,人工智能以及经济学、社会学等方面的研究成果,充实了理论论述的内容,在很大程度上突破了分析哲学的传统框架。