A new approach to science has recently developed. It is called the complexity approach. A number of researchers, such as Brian Arthur and Buz Brock, have used this approach to consider issues in economics. This volume considers the complexity approach to economics from a history of thought and methodological perspectives. It finds that the ideas underlying complexity have been around for a long time, and that this new work in complexity has many precursors in the history of economic thought. This book consists of twelve studies on the issue of complexity and the history of economic thought. The studies relate complexity to the ideas of specific economists such as Adam Smith, Karl Marx, Alfred Marshall and Ragnar Frisch, as well as to specific schools of thought such as the Austrian and Institutionalist schools. The result of looking a the history of economic thought from a complexity perspective not only gives us additional insight into the complexity vision, it also gives insight into the history of economic thought. When that history is viewed from a complexity perspective, the rankings of past economists change. Smith and Hayek move up in the rankings while Ricardo moves down.

is established as the leading reference work in the field. The second edition retains many individual classic essays of enduring importance from its predecessor and includes one thousand new or heavily revised articles. Written by over 1,500 eminent contributors, the Dictionary will contain 1,900 articles and 5.7million words. Published in eight print volumes and for the first time in
bringing substantial benefits to users, the second edition will be the definitive scholarly reference work for a new generation of economists.

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赫尔普曼为我们理解经济增长做出了十分重要的贡献。在《经济增长的秘密》这本书中，他回顾和评估了我们已经学过的东西，书中的每一页都闪耀着博学和睿智的光芒。——施莱弗，哈佛大学经济学教授，《并非有效的市场——行为金融学导论》一书的作者
诸如此类的问题所包含的对于人类福利的影响简直令人惊讶；一旦一个人开始思考经济增长问题，他就不会再考虑其他任何问题。——卢卡斯，诺贝尔经济学奖获得者

江路是杂技团的化妆师，漂亮能干，人见人爱。令人迷惑的是，三十六岁仍孑然一身，成为人们始终无法破译的一道不解之谜……
宋宇生是出版社的摄影师，在圈子里颇具声望。六年前妻子车祸身亡，虽然前丈母娘不停地给他介绍对象，但他始终提不起兴致……
一次偶遇，让江路与宋宇生一见如故，沉寂已久的激情被瞬间点燃，熊熊燃烧！
然而，双方亲人的横加阻挠，让江路陷入了绝望中，正当她准备放弃宋宇生的时候，爱情的力量竟让她做出了不计后果的选择——结婚！
嫁给宋宇生后，迎接江路的却不是浪漫美妙的蜜月之旅……

这座院落在极乐的享受中显出它疯人院的本质
她来时，青春羞涩而坦然
不多时，美丽添了忧郁
年华易逝，沧桑累积，悲喜过往，难赋深情
冤孽间相互的报复便是冤孽式的爱与亲情……
这一家子，这一世界，就这样爱出了死，怨出了生。

二战进入尾声，日本战败投降，大批当年被移民来中国东北企图对中国实施长期殖民统治的普通日本国民被抛弃。十六岁的少女多鹤即为其一，在死难多艰的逃亡中，她依靠机智和对生的本能的渴望逃过了死亡，被装进麻袋论斤卖给了东北某小火车站站长的二儿子张俭作为传宗接代的“工具”。张俭的哥哥据传因为抗日而被日本人杀害，张俭的老婆朱小环因日本鬼子的惊吓导致流产，从此不能生育。国仇家恨的大背景下，日本少女多鹤的介入，使得整个家庭的关系变得暧昧和怪异。
新中国成立后，日本女人多鹤的身份不仅在张家成为重大的情感和伦理问题，在整个社会主义新中国的民间生活中也成了巨大的政治问题。因为多鹤是张俭欲拒还休、欲罢不能的另一个女人，是生活在朱小环身边的情敌，也是张家三个孩子的生身之母，她的身份和地位成了纠缠张家几十年的头疼事。同时，如何掩盖多鹤的日本人身份也成了张家挥之不去的梦魇。张俭的解决之道是，让多鹤成为朱小环的“妹妹”，孩子们的“小姨”；然后再通过不断的搬迁来遮掩多鹤的日本身份以及畸形的家庭关系。这个奇特的家庭组合在动荡的政治环境和困窘的经济生活中飘摇度日。
几十年下来，日本人多鹤默默而固执地以“整洁、较真”等品质影响着这个家庭，而朱小环等张家人则以 “随遇而安”、“凑合活着”等生活理念改变着多鹤。残酷无奈而又充满吸引力的生活因着他们善良的本性使他们活成了不能分开的一家人。

《白蛇》通过细腻、戏剧性很强的笔法，描写了上世纪70年代的两个女人：徐群山、孙丽坤在社会大环境下内心世界的压力和变化，以及在巨大社会压力下对生活的态度和选择。“跨区域华文女作家精品文库”第一辑所选十位作家，均为台湾或北美、东南精致等地华文女作家中的佼佼者，是然他 们的作品表现侧重各有不同，艺术形态资质各异，但在表现女性的内心感受、心理流程、情感世界、生存处境方面，却有着某种一致性。需要特别强调的是，虽然这些作家在营造自己文学世界的时候具有或隐或显的女性意识和女性立场，但她们并不以此自限，而是立足女性世界，向外生发和延展，思考的面向和涉及的领域，常常超出女性范畴，而针对人类共同面临的问题。于是，她们作品的意义和价值，也就不仅仅止于女性层面，而有着更为深广的涵盖和包容。

一个背着巨大的、不可告人的秘密的寡妇，自幼在孙家做童养媳，土改时将被错划为恶霸地主的公爹从死刑场上背回，藏匿于红薯窖几十年。这段岁月正是中国农村发生了纷乱复杂的变化的历史阶段，几千年的小农经济模式被打碎，进而发生了乌托邦的大混乱。每一个人都经历了严峻的人性人伦考验,大多数人不得不多次蜕变以求苟活，而强悍朴拙、蒙昧无邪的女主人公王葡萄则始终恪守其最朴素最基本的人伦准则，她凭着自己的勤劳和聪慧，使自己和公爹度过了一次次饥馑、一次次政治运动带来的危机……

收录《天浴》、《扮演者》、《无非男女》、《审丑》、《黑宝哥》、《少尉之死》、《小顾艳情》、《我不是精灵》及《士兵与狗》等短篇作品。其中，由《天浴》改编、陈冲导演、李小璐主演的同名电影曾获得金马奖7项大奖并独得编剧奖。

严歌苓2009年最新作品，继《小姨多鹤》之后的最新长篇小说作品。
故事发生在抗战期间的上海，由女主人公“我”在晚年讲述给一位传记作者听。
“我”在1939年的上海，爱上一名刚刚逃离集中营上岸的犹太男子。那时赶上约瑟夫·梅辛格臭名昭著的“终极解决方案”就要实施，为让爱人去美国，“我”临时在上海抓了个救星——另一位美国青年——做自己的丈夫。
乱世中，小人物们开始一串连环套式的命运救助，最后，“我” 用“爱人”的钱赎救了“丈夫”，用“丈夫”的护照让“爱人”脱险，同时，以毁掉对爱情的原始理解和信念的方式，去实现了爱情……
故事结局在爱情的部分出人意料，令人叹惋。
一位世界报业大亨的生死前传，写在1942年的上海。
一位单纯、忧郁、文艺气质的犹太难民，从残酷的追杀中幸存，却听见自己爱情的挽歌，响在1942年的上海。
一位生在美国，长在上海的钢琴女郎，在背叛与热恋之间，良心与梦想之间疲于奔命，最终留在1942年的上海。
书中有亚洲人欧洲人美洲人，上海人苏北人客家人，血淋淋的战争年代里，没有人能逃脱“寄居”的命运。大上海，小世界——爱情与信仰，忠义与背叛，自我追寻与自我迷失，都在其中。“上海在二三十年代是最不古板的地方，全世界的人想在道德上给自己放放假就来上海。”
这部作品是严歌苓在题材、写作手法和女性角色塑造上又一次新鲜成功的尝试。同时，小说延续了作者独特的自述式与视觉化的叙事风格。

她的脸仍是那种潮湿阴暗里沤出的白色，神情中却出现了她原有的美丽，她原有的美丽像一种疼痛那样出现在她修长的脖子上，她躲闪着疼痛而小心举着头颅。她肌肤之下，形骸深部，那蛇似的柔软和缠绵，蛇一般的冷艳孤傲已复生。
严歌苓讲述的每一个关于中国人的故事都那么独特、复杂，并富有深深的感染力。……她笔下的人物如此丰满，而且她是通过对那古老的、男女关系的新诠释，探索和表现他们的处境，……作品以诗一般精细的语言进行陈述……在这些故事里，除了讥讽和荒诞，更吊人胃口的是严歌苓所揭示的严酷艺术现实中人的感官世界。
目 录
白蛇
魔旦
冤家
拉斯维加斯的谜语

Free to Choose (1980) is a book and a ten-part television series broadcast on public television by economists Milton and Rose D. Friedman that advocates free market principles.
Free to Choose: A Personal Statement maintains that the free market works best for all members of a society, provides examples of how the free market engenders prosperity, and maintains that it can solve problems where other approaches have failed. Published in January 1980, the 297 page book contains 10 chapters.
Milton Friedman won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics in 1976. Contrary to normal practice the book was written after the TV series was produced, although the line "Basis for the acclaimed public television triumph" is written on the front cover, using the program transcripts as reference. The book was on the United States best sellers list for 5 weeks.
PBS telecast the series, beginning in January 1980; the general format was that of Dr. Friedman visiting and narrating a number of success and failure stories in history, which Dr. Friedman attributes to capitalism or the lack thereof (e.g. Hong Kong is commended for its free markets, while India is excoriated for relying on centralized planning especially for its protection of its traditional textile industry). Following the primary show, Dr. Friedman would engage in discussion with a number of selected persons, such as Donald Rumsfeld (then of G.D. Searle & Company).
The series was rebroadcast in 1990 with Linda Chavez moderating the episodes. Arnold Schwarzenegger, Ronald Reagan, Steve Allen and others give personal introductions for each episode in the series. This time, after the documentary part, Friedman sits down with a single opponent to debate the issues raised in the episode.

《常识》简介：美国是第一次产生伟大民主共和国思想的地方。没有一个人知道他（潘恩）的尸骨散落在何处，可是他的原则并没有安息，他的思想虽然也同他的遗骸一样难以追寻，却已传遍了他魂牵梦绕的整个世界。他有《常识》，反抗那时的政治传统；他有《人权论》，反抗社会传统；他有《土地正义论》，反抗的是经济传统；最后有《理性时代》，反抗的是宗教传统。这样一来，他就把那个年头能得罪的人类权势力量都得罪完了，他从地上打到天上，横扫俗界国王之后，又向灵界国王宣战，最后激起天怨人怒，自然落个遗骨飘零，死无葬身之地的悲惨下场。

Since the publication of this book in 1962, Kuhn's writings (and many of his ideas, such as "paradigm shift") have been highly influential in academic and popular discourse. This book is must-reading for anyone studying the history and philosophy of science specifically, or cultural or technological change generally.
Since Kuhn does not permit truth to be a criterion of scientific theories, he would presumably not claim his own theory to be true. But if causing a revolution is the hallmark of a superior paradigm, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions has been a resounding success.

"I cannot pretend that the present version is the finished treatise that I had in mind (or in youthful dreams) in the earlier years of teaching the course. But it is a much expanded and, I hope, improved version. I have filled in four of the six gaps that I enumerated in the preface to the initial version. The two I have not filled in are industrial organization for reasons given at the end of chapter 6 and the theory of general equilibrium, because there are such good extant expositions of the classical Walrasian general equilibrium approach and I am not competent to present a succinct yet faithful exposition of the more recent general equilibrium developments, particularly in the field of growth models. In addition, I rather suspect that these developments are as yet in a preliminary and unsatisfactory state." – Milton Friedman, from the preface to the revised edition

The most powerful case against the American central bank ever written. This work begins with a mini-treatment of money and banking theory, and then plunges right in with the real history of the Federal Reserve System. Rothbard covers the struggle between competing elites and how they converged with the Fed.
Rothbard calls for the abolition of the central bank and a restoration of the gold standard. His popular treatment incorporates the best and most up-to-date scholarship on the Fed's origins and effects.
The contents of this volume include:
Introduction: Money and Politics
The Genesis of Money
What is the Optimum Quantity of Money?
Monetary Inflation and Counterfeiting
Legalized Counterfeiting
Loan Banking
Deposit Banking
Problems for the Fractional-Reserve Banker: The Criminal Law
Problems for the Fractional-Reserve Banker: Insolvency
Booms and Busts
Types of Warehouse Receipts
Enter the Central Bank
Easing the Limits on Bank Credit Expansion
The Central Bank Buys Assets
Origins of the Federal Reserve: The Advent of the National Banking System
Origins of the Federal Reserve: Wall Steet Discontent
Putting Cartelization Across: The Progressive Line
Putting a Central Bank Across: Manipulating a Movement, 1897-1902
The Central Bank Movement Revives, 1906-1910
Culmination at Jekyll Island
The Fed at Last: Morgan-Controlled Inflation
The New Deal and the Displacement of the Morgans
Deposit "Insurance"
How the Fed Rules and Inflates
What Can Be Done?

Best-selling author Andy Kessler ties up the loose ends from his provocative book, Running Money, with this history of breakthrough technology and the markets that funded them. Expanding on themes first raised in his tour de force, Running Money, Andy Kessler unpacks the entire history of Silicon Valley and Wall Street, from the Industrial Revolution to computers, communications, money, gold and stock markets. These stories cut (by an unscrupulous editor) from the original manuscript were intended as a primer on the ways in which new technologies develop from unprofitable curiosities to essential investments. Indeed, How We Got Here is the book Kessler wishes someone had handed him on his first day as a freshman engineering student at Cornell or on the day he started on Wall Street. This book connects the dots through history to how we got to where we are today.

Economic Theory is used by the author instead of a title like Micro Theory or Price Theory because of his deep belief that there is only one kind of economic theory, not separate theories for micro problems, macro problems, non-market decisions, and so on. Indeed, the most promising development in recent years in the literature on unemployment and other macro problems has been the increasing reliance on utility maximization. Much of Becker's discussion is related to the market sector in industrialized economies, the principles being developed are frequently applied to other sectors and different kinds of choices. Economic analysis is essential in understanding much of the behavior traditionally studied by sociologists, anthropologists, and other social scientists. This is a true example of economic imperialism. The broad definition of economics in terms of scarce means and competing ends should be taken seriously and should be a source of pride to economists since it provides insights into a wide variety of problems.
Microeconomics, is the subject matter of these lectures. The lectures are emphatically, not confined to microeconomics in the literal sense of micro units like firms or households. Becker's main interest is in market behavior of aggregations of firms and households. Although important inferences are drawn about individual firms and households, the author tries to understand aggregate responses to changes in basic economic parameters like tax rates, tariff schedules, technology, or antitrust provisions.
It is important to choose the appropriate mathematical level of the presentation, especially since social science sophistication has improved in recent years. Beckerhas placed extended mathematical discussions in footnotes and appendixes. Practically all statements proved mathematically are also provided geometrically or verbally in the body of the text.